RU2772662C1 - Combined granulator press for removing the liquid phase - water from beet pulp - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: combined granulator press for removing the liquid phase - water from beet pulp is characterised by including, series-connected, an inclined screw press and a granulator with a flat matrix, wherein the working chamber of the inclined screw press consists of three areas, in the first area of the working chamber, the screw shaft has a constant diameter with a constantly reducing turn pitch, in the second area of the working chamber, the screw shaft is conical, wherein the diameter thereof increases in the direction from the first area towards the third area of the working chamber, with a constantly reducing turn pitch, and in the third area of the working chamber, the screw shaft has a constant diameter with an increasing thickness of turns of the screw, the lower part of the working chamber is made perforated for collecting and removing the liquid phase – water.

EFFECT: invention provides a possibility of increasing the efficiency of the process of removing water from beet pulp, increasing the viability of the matrix of the granulator press.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for pressing high-moisture materials (beet pulp), in particular, to press granulators used in the sugar industry, or for the production of granulated feed in the feed industry.

A screw press is known (RF Patent No. 2720942. B02B 9/12, B02B 15/00. Screw press. Ganimi Yassar (AT). - Applicant ANDRITZ AG (AT). - No. 2019101920. - Appl. 23.05.2017; Published 14.05 .2020; Bull. No. 14), containing a screw shaft with a supply spiral located on it in a spiral manner and a casing shell enclosing the spiral. A transport gap is formed between the screw shaft, the feed spiral and the shell. At least on one section of the surface of the screw shaft in the transport gap, a composite material containing particles of a solid substance is fixed with a closure by a material. Said particles are immersed in the matrix component to form a surface roughness.

The disadvantage of the screw press is the difficulty of maintaining a given change in pressure, which significantly reduces the efficiency of squeezing the liquid phase.

Known granulating screw press (RF Patent No. 2601004. V28V 3/22, V29S 43/00. Granulating screw press. Loginov V.Ya., Ravichev L.V., Bespalov A.V., Gordeeva Yu.L. - Applicant FGBOU VO "Russian Chemical-Technological University named after D.I. Mendeleev" - No. 2014116043. - Application 22.04.2014; Published 27.10.2015; Bull. No. 30), including a screw, a multi-channel press tool and a housing containing a sleeve . Sheaf-shaped reefs with a wide trapezoidal base at the bottom of the reef and an outer expanding part with rounded side walls and an adjustable mating radius are made on the inner surface of the sleeve. The reefs contain removable elastic liners made without cavities, single-cavity or multi-cavity with a constant or variable cross-sectional area of the cavities in the transverse and/or longitudinal direction.

The disadvantage of the screw press is the lack of pressure control, which significantly reduces the efficiency of squeezing the liquid phase.

The closest in terms of its technical essence and the achieved effect is the matrix of the granulator press (RF Patent No. 1253489. A01F 15/00, B30V 3/06. Matrix of the granulator press. Podkolzin Yu.V., Ruzgas S. N. E., Korshunov V.I. - Applicant Head Experimental Design Institute for Grass and Straw Processing Machines - No. 3867911. - Appl. 02.01.1985; Published 30.08.1986; Bull. No. 26), containing a body with cylindrical pressing channels, on at the entrance of each of which there is a recess in the form of a cone, the radius of the base of which is equal to the distance from the channel axis to a point equidistant from the axes of three adjacent channels. The axis of the cone from the side of the base is inclined relative to the axis of the pressing channel in the direction of material supply by 10°.

A significant disadvantage of this matrix of the press-granulator is the complexity of manufacturing cylindrical press channels, a step change in the diameter of the press channels will cause a sharp increase in pressure, which will lead to rapid wear of the working surfaces of the matrix and reduce its efficiency.

The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the efficiency of the process of squeezing (removing) the liquid phase (water) from high-moisture materials (beet pulp), increasing the durability of the pellet press matrix, and reducing specific energy consumption when pressing high-moisture materials.

Achievable positive effect on the stable maintenance of the set pressure value for pressing high-moisture materials (beet pulp) can be justified as follows. The presence of three zones in the working chamber of an inclined screw press with varying diameter, pitch and thickness of the turns, as well as an inclined flat matrix and rollers - pressing rollers will increase the degree of squeezing the liquid phase from a high-moisture material, thereby increasing the productivity of the granulator press. The presence on the outer surface of the rollers (pressing rollers) of longitudinal slots, the shape and dimensions of which are determined by the structural-mechanical, physico-chemical and adhesive properties of the pressed materials, will ensure the best capture of particles of the pressed material.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the combined press granulator for removing the liquid phase - water from beet pulp, what is new is that it includes an inclined screw press and a granulator with a flat matrix connected in series, and the working chamber of the inclined screw press consists of three zones, in the first zone of the working chamber the screw shaft has a constant diameter with a constantly decreasing pitch of the turns, in the second zone of the working chamber the screw shaft is conical, while its diameter increases in the direction from the first zone to the third zone of the working chamber, with a constantly decreasing pitch of the turns, and in the third zone of the working chamber, the screw shaft has a constant diameter with an increasing thickness of the screw turns, the lower part of the working chamber is perforated to collect and remove the liquid phase - water, in the granulator a flat matrix and rollers - pressing rollers are made inclined, and the outer surface of the rollers - pressing rollers is made with longitudinal slots, in a flat matrix, cylindrical-conical holes are made, in which perforated cylindrical-conical bushings and perforated cylindrical-conical filter elements are fixed, in the lower part of the matrix, a channel is made for collecting and subsequent removal of the liquid phase - water.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a combined press granulator for removing the liquid phase - water from beet pulp; in fig. 2 - longitudinal section of a flat matrix of a granulator with a roller - a pressing roller; in fig. 3 - longitudinal section of the three-dimensional image of the roller - pressing roller.

The combined press-granulator for removing the liquid phase - water from beet pulp (Fig. 1) consists of a series-connected inclined screw press and a granulator with a flat matrix. The inclined screw press includes an electric motor 1, a frame 2, a belt drive 3, a bearing support 4, a screw shaft 5, a hopper 6 and a matrix 26. The working chamber of the inclined screw press consists of three zones 7, 8 and 9, through which the screw shaft 5.

In the first zone 7 of the working chamber, the screw shaft 5 has a constant diameter with a constantly decreasing pitch of the turns. In the second zone 8 of the working chamber, the screw shaft 5 is conical, while its diameter increases in the direction from the first zone 7 to the third zone 9 of the working chamber, with a constantly decreasing pitch of the turns. In the third zone 9 of the working chamber, the screw shaft 5 has a constant diameter with increasing thickness of the screw turns.

The ratio of the dimensions of the diameters in the first 7, in the second 8 and third zones 9 of the working chamber is determined by the amount of squeezed out liquid phase. For example, if about 20% of the liquid phase is squeezed out in the first zone 7 of the working chamber with a large diameter, then the volume of the second part 8 of the working chamber should be 20% less. Accordingly, the diameter of the shaft 5 will change.

The lower part in three zones of the working chamber is perforated to collect and remove the liquid phase and is equipped with a two-body body 15 - to collect and remove the liquid phase squeezed out of the material from the inclined screw press.

Matrix 26 is a large ring, along the diameter of which there are through holes of a special shape. On the side surfaces of the matrix 26 there are holes for attaching the matrix to the body of the working chamber of the inclined screw press.

The granulator with a flat matrix includes: a drive 10 with a vertical shaft 11, at the end of which a bevel gear is installed, rollers - pressing rollers 12, a flat matrix 13, a branch pipe for removing granulated pulp 14. Rollers - pressing rollers 12 are made not only with the ability to rotation around an inclined axis with the help of a vertical shaft 11, but also with the possibility of rotation of the body around the vertical axis of the body of the granulator with a flat matrix (Fig. 3).

In the granulator, a flat matrix 13 and rollers - pressing rollers 12 are made inclined, and their outer surface is made with longitudinal slots. Cylindrical holes are made in the flat matrix 13, in which sleeves 16 and perforated cylindrical-conical filter elements 17 are fixed, and in the lower part of the matrix 13 there is a channel 19 for collecting and subsequent removal of the liquid phase (Fig. 2). Bushings 16 provide centering of perforated cylindrical-conical filter elements 17.

The rollers 12 are designed to ensure that the high-moisture material (beet pulp) fed into the granulator chamber is pulled between the matrix 13 and the pressing rollers - rollers 12 and forced into the cylindrical-conical holes of the filter elements 17. To do this, bearings 22, a spacer sleeve are pressed into the rollers 12 23, and from the end sides of the rollers 12 covers 24 and 20 are fixed with bolts 21 (Fig. 3). The bearings 22, in turn, are pressed onto the axle 25, which is driven by bevel gears (not shown in Fig.) from the vertical shaft 11.

The outer surface of the rollers - pressing rollers 12 are made with longitudinal slots 18, the shape of which provides the best capture of particles of the pressed material (Fig. 2). The slots 18 may have a triangular, rectangular, round (Fig. 2) or other complex combined shape in cross section. The choice of shape, spacing and depth of slots 18 will be determined by the particle size distribution, structural-mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the particles of the pressed material.

Combined pellet press works as follows. The original high-moisture material (for example, beet pulp with an initial moisture content of 85-90%) is fed through the hopper 6 into the working chamber of the inclined screw press. At the same time, the electric motor 1 is turned on, which drives the screw shaft 5, which moves the original high-moisture material along the working chamber. The high-moisture material inside the working chamber moves along a complex trajectory, while the compression ratio increases, which is determined by the ratio of the area of the working channel to the total area of the spinnerets at the exit of the material from the matrix 26. At the same time, moisture is gradually squeezed out of the high-moisture material (for example, for beet pulp to a moisture content of 68 -76%) due to a gradual gradual increase in pressure due to the design features of the three zones of the working chamber and the screw shaft 5 of the inclined screw press.

Pressed high-moisture material is moved by the screw 5 to the matrix 26 and pressed out under pressure through its holes. The magnitude of the pressure is largely due to the resistance of the holes of the matrix 26 and the structural and mechanical properties of the processed mass.

Then the drive 10 is turned on, setting in translational motion the rotating rollers 12, the design of which is such that they not only rotate around the vertical shaft 11, but also rotate around their axis with the help of bearings 22.

Pre-squeezed in an inclined screw press, the granules leaving the matrix 26 fall from above into the gap between the inner surface of the matrix 13 and the rotating rollers 12.

The inclined position of the flat matrix 13 and rotating rollers - pressing rollers 12 provides a gradual smooth increase in pressure in the pressed granules. Rollers - pressing rollers 12 with longitudinal slots 18 capture particles of the pressed material during rotation and are pressed into perforated cylindrical-conical filter elements 17, where granules with a final moisture content are formed under high pressure (for example, for beet pulp up to a moisture content of 64-69%).

Under the action of beet pulp continuously entering the granulator, it gradually moves along the cylindrical-conical holes of the cylindrical-conical filter elements 17. At the same time, due to the increase in pressure, the liquid phase is squeezed out of the granules, which passes through the side perforated walls of the elements 17, enters the channel 19 and is removed from the granulator. And the fully squeezed granules come out of the holes of the cylindrical-conical filter elements 17 to the outside, fall into the nozzle 14 and are unloaded from the combined press-granulator.

The proposed combined press granulator for removing the liquid phase - water from beet pulp has the following advantages:

- higher productivity due to better capture of particles of pressed high-moisture material by longitudinal slots 18 on rollers - pressing rollers 12;

− increase in wear resistance, operational reliability and durability of the working surfaces of the matrix 26, screw shaft 5 and rollers 12 of the combined press granulator;

- obtaining pressed granules with a lower moisture content, which will significantly reduce energy costs during their further drying;

– increasing the efficiency of the process of squeezing (removing) the liquid phase (water) from high-moisture materials (beet pulp)

– reduction of specific energy consumption when pressing high-moisture materials.

Claims (1)

A combined press granulator for removing liquid phase - water from beet pulp, characterized in that it includes a series-connected inclined screw press and a granulator with a flat matrix, and the working chamber of the inclined screw press consists of three zones, in the first zone of the working chamber the screw shaft has a constant diameter with a constantly decreasing pitch of the turns, in the second zone of the working chamber the screw shaft is conical, while its diameter increases in the direction from the first zone to the third zone of the working chamber, with a constantly decreasing pitch of the turns, and in the third zone of the working chamber the screw shaft has a constant diameter with increasing thickness of the screw turns, the lower part of the working chamber is perforated to collect and remove the liquid phase - water, in the granulator a flat matrix and rollers - pressing rollers - are made inclined, and the outer surface of the rollers - pressing rollers - is made with longitudinal slots, in a flat matrix fulfilled qi lindroconical holes, in which perforated cylindroconical bushings and perforated cylindroconical filter elements are fixed, in the lower part of the matrix there is a channel for collecting and subsequent removal of the liquid phase - water.

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