RU2475167C1 - Press-pelletiser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder pelletisers and may be used in production of feed mill industry, agriculture, etc. Proposed device comprises housing with screw, compaction chamber and female die. Grinding chamber is arranged under loading hopper to accommodate two pairs of cylindrical rollers running at different rpm toward each other and having fine asymmetric flutes made on their surfaces. Pyramidal casing is arranged under lower pair of said rollers and provided with four spraying nozzles mounted on its every side. Said nozzle are used to spray moisture and fat-vitamin additives into initial ground stock and to stabilise its moisture content. Grinding chamber is communicated with compaction chamber via pyramidal casing. Compaction chamber accommodates shaft composed of two rigidly coupled parts. First part is provided with two tape spirals of larger and smaller diameters of opposite coiling made on cylindrical surface. Second part is provided with screw coils of constantly increasing thickness. Air pumping assembly is arranged inside compaction chamber said first and second shaft parts. Perforated sic is attached to screw shaft end. Female die has holes.

EFFECT: higher quality of grinding and mixing.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for granulation and can be used in the feed industry, agriculture and other industries.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a screw press granulator [US Pat. RF №2118105, IPC A23N 17/00. Screw press granulator / S.M. Dotsenko, A.V. Yakimenko, V.P. Yakimenko (RF). - 97109178/13; Stated May 28, 1997; Publ. 08/27/1998], comprising a housing with a screw located inside it, and a pressing unit, including a casing connected to the screw housing with a die with holes located in it and having an inlet conical part and an outlet cylindrical one, the die is connected to the screw and rotatably mounted around its axis, and the die holes are made along its perimeter in the form of longitudinal grooves, in addition, the output cylindrical part on the inside is equipped with a replaceable sleeve having a 1/3 length screw thread.

A disadvantage of the known design of a screw press granulator is the need to use additional equipment for grinding and mixing the starting components and, as a result, an increase in the specific energy consumption for the production of granular feed.

An object of the invention is the development of the design of a pellet mill, allowing the operation of grinding and mixing of the starting components, as well as the introduction of various additives.

The technical task of the invention is achieved in that in a press granulator comprising a housing with a screw, a pressing chamber and a die, it is new that under the loading hopper there is a grinding chamber in which two pairs of cylindrical cylinders are rotated towards each other at different speeds with a gap. rollers, on the surface of which small asymmetric corrugations are applied, moreover, under the lower pair of rollers there is a pyramidal casing, on each side of which four spraying nozzles are installed Units intended for finely dispersed spraying of moisture and fat-and-vitamin additives into the initial crushed raw material, as well as for stabilizing its moisture, in addition, the grinding chamber is in communication with the pressing chamber by means of a pyramidal casing, and inside the pressing chamber there is a shaft consisting of two parts rigidly interconnected , on the first part - in the zone of its loading - two tape spirals of larger and smaller diameters of the opposite winding are made, made along a cylindrical path, and on the second screw part fixed windings continuously increasing thickness, wherein in the pressing chamber housing between the first and second shaft part is mounted vacuum unit for suctioning air, at the end of the screw shaft is attached to the disk with a hole, and the matrix is provided with holes of various configurations.

Figure 1 presents a front view of a press granulator; figure 2 is a three-dimensional image of a press granulator; figure 3 is a three-dimensional image of the pumping unit for suctioning air; 4 - three types of dies with holes of various configurations.

The granulator press consists of a bed 2, a drive, a grinding chamber 14, a pressing chamber 17 and a loading hopper 13 (FIGS. 1 and 2). The drive includes an electric motor 1, belt drives 3, 4, 9 and 10, two pairs of gears 11, a pulley 22.

Inside the grinding chamber 14 two pairs of cylindrical rollers 12 are installed, on the surface of which small asymmetrical corrugations are applied. The change in the gap between the rollers 12 is carried out by a pair of bearing units 21, which are fixed at the corners with holes of elongated rectangular shape. Rollers 12 rotate towards each other at different speeds due to different diameters of the gears 11. The upper pair of rollers 12 is driven by a two-strand pulley 22, a belt drive 10 and an upper pair of gears 11 of different diameters.

Under the lower pair of rollers 12, four spray nozzles 23 are installed on each side of the pyramidal casing, designed for finely dispersed spraying of moisture and fat-and-vitamin additives into the initial ground raw material, as well as for stabilizing its moisture content.

A pulley mounted on the shaft 16 drives the lower pair by means of a belt drive 9 and gears 11. The rollers 12 rotate in the bearing assemblies 21 in which the angular contact ball bearings are mounted.

The grinding chamber 14 is connected using a pyramidal casing 7 with a pressing chamber 17, inside which the shaft 16 is located.

The shaft 16 is driven by a motor 1 using a belt drive 3 and a bearing assembly 5. The speed of the shaft 16 can be adjusted using a thyristor frequency controller on the motor 1.

The shaft 16 of the pressing chamber 17 consists of two parts rigidly interconnected. On the first part of the shaft 16 (in the loading zone of the pressing chamber 17) two belt spirals of a larger 15 and a smaller diameter 8 are attached, made along a cylindrical path. The ribbon spiral 15 of larger diameter and the ribbon spiral 8 of smaller diameter have opposite windings: one of which is clockwise, and the other is opposite.

On the second part of the shaft 16 of the pressing chamber 17, the turns of the screw 20 of constantly increasing thickness are fixed.

In the housing of the pressing chamber 17 between the first and second part of the shaft 16 there is installed an evacuation unit 6 for suctioning air, which is a hollow cylindrical pipe, on the suction side of which a perforated mesh is fixed. The upper edge of the rotating screw 20, coming into contact with a perforated mesh of a similar shape, constantly cleans its surface from the smallest particles of the product captured by the removed air.

At the end of the screw 20, a disk 19 with a hole is attached to the shaft 16.

The matrix 18 is made with holes 24 in various variations (figure 4). The configuration of the holes 24 depends on how long you want to obtain granules. Due to the rotation of the screw 20, the product exits through the hole in the disk 19 and the holes 24 in the matrix 18, cutting off against the wall of the matrix 18. The maximum length of the granules will be achieved with the configuration of the hole of the matrix shown in figa, minimum - figb.

Press granulator works as follows.

An electric motor 1, controlled by a thyristor regulator, is turned on, which drives the shaft 16 by means of belt drives 3 and 4. From the rotating shaft 16, by means of the belt drive 9, the lower pair of rollers 12 are rotated, and then the upper pair is driven by belt drive 10 rollers 12.

The feedstock, represented by the husks of various hybrids and varieties of sunflower, is loaded into the hopper 13. The feedstock is ground in a wedge-shaped space formed by the cylindrical surfaces of two parallel rollers 12, rotating towards each other at different speeds. Moreover, the destruction of solid husk particles occurs as a result of a combination of compression and shear deformations. The predominance of a particular type of deformation depends on the ratio of the speeds of the rollers 12 and the relative position of the asymmetrical corrugations on the surface of the rollers 12. The gap between the rollers 12 is set depending on the physicomechanical properties of the crushed product and the place in the technological scheme. It ranges in a relatively wide range - from 0.05 to 1 mm.

After grinding on the first pair of rollers 12, the product enters the second pair of rollers 12 for finer grinding.

Next, the crushed product enters the pyramidal casing 7, in which, using four installed nozzles 23, the product is moistened by finely dispersed spraying of moisture and fat-and-vitamin additives and stabilization of its moisture is achieved.

Then, from the casing 7, the moistened product enters through the loading hole into the loading zone of the pressing chamber 17. Here, the product is intensively mixed with two tape spirals of a larger 15 and a smaller 8 diameter, made along a cylindrical path. Opposite winding of tape spirals 15 and 8 provides uniform mixing and obtaining a homogeneous mixture.

Using the installed node 6 evacuation is the suction of air from the product. The reduced oxygen content in the pressed product allows not only to increase the shelf life of the finished product, but also to achieve a greater degree of compaction due to the reduced air content. The upper edge of the turn of the rotary screw 20 constantly cleans the surface of the perforated mesh on the suction pipe from the smallest particles of the product captured by the removed air.

From the mixing zone, the product enters the pressing zone, where it is compacted by the screw 20 and under pressure passes through the hole in the disk 19 and the holes 24 in the matrix 18. Here, due to the different configuration of the holes 24 of the matrix 18 (Fig. 4), the granules are obtained in different lengths.

Thus, the use of the proposed pellet mill allows you to:

- ensure stable operation through the use of a simplified design of the forming unit;

- organize the processing of sunflower husk and use it after granulation as an additive to animal feed;

- to provide the necessary depth of grinding and mixing the components of the processed product due to the use of two pairs of rollers and two tape spirals.

Claims (1)

A granulator press, comprising a housing with a screw, a pressing chamber and a die, characterized in that a grinding chamber is located under the loading hopper, in which two pairs of cylindrical rollers are mounted, facing each other at different speeds, with a gap, on which small asymmetrical corrugations are applied, moreover, under the lower pair of rollers there is a pyramidal casing, on each side of which four spray nozzles are installed, designed for finely dispersed spraying of moisture and fat-and-vitamin supplements in the initial crushed raw material, as well as to stabilize its moisture, in addition, the grinding chamber is in communication with the pressing chamber by means of a pyramidal casing, and inside the pressing chamber there is a shaft consisting of two parts rigidly interconnected, on the first part - in the zone of loading - two tape spirals of a larger and smaller diameter of the opposite winding, made along a cylindrical path, are attached, and on the second part the turns of a screw of constantly increasing thickness are fixed, with In this case, a vacuum unit for sucking air is installed between the first second part of the shaft in the housing of the pressing chamber, a disk with a hole is attached to the shaft at the end of the screw, and holes are made in the matrix.

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