RU2319424C2 - Extruding press for preparing of mixed feeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for preparing of mixed feeds in animal farms, complexes and poultry houses.

SUBSTANCE: extruding press has hollow casing with profiled inner surface and screw positioned for rotation within casing. Screw shaft is formed conical, with four-bladed knife fixed thereon. Knife divides casing into mixing zone wherein material is preliminarily compacted, and barometric treatment zone wherein material is exposed to barometric treatment procedure. Screw coiling in barometric treatment zone has reducing pitch. On discharge end of screw there is forming cone and grinding knife for grinding of end extrudate. Adjustable circular gap is formed between hollow casing and forming cone. Extrudate is to be discharged into said gap.

EFFECT: improved quality of mixed feed.

3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to devices for the preparation of animal feed on livestock farms, complexes and poultry farms. The invention extends technological capabilities by preparing high-quality feed based on insoluble soybean residue (okara).

State of the art

A device for treating feeds is known, comprising a housing provided with a loading neck, in which a screw is located, having a stepped shaft and spiral coils of different inner diameters mounted thereon, wound around a corresponding shaft step, the ends of the turns facing the discharge neck being fixed to the shaft with the possibility its reciprocating movement in the axial direction (AS No. 1123626, А23N 17/00).

A disadvantage of the existing device is the heterogeneity of the particles in terms of the material composition of the resulting feed.

Also known is an extruder for the preparation of animal feed, including a housing with a screw placed in it and a device for changing the pressure inside the housing, made in the form of a sleeve installed in the housing with the possibility of left movement, in the form of a carrier attached to the output end of the screw, and rollers at the ends of the carrier rolling along the outer end of the sleeve, and the sleeve from the side of the external end is preloaded by the elastic element, and the ratio of the outer diameter of the sleeve to the diameter of the screw is 1.2-1.4 (AS No. 1572489, A23N 17/00).

A disadvantage of the known device is the heterogeneity of the particles in the material composition of the feed.

The closest in technical essence (the authors adopted the prototype) is a press for squeezing vegetable oil, containing a hollow body with a profiled inner surface placed in it with the possibility of rotation of the screw, as well as polyhedral nozzles fixed along the screw, each two conjugated faces of which together with the profiled Axial channels form the inner surface, one of the conjugate faces is convex, and the other is concave (A.S. No. 1043028, V30V 9/16).

The disadvantage of this press is the heterogeneity of the particles in the material composition of the feed from a mixture of grain components and insoluble soybean residue (okara), which also reduces the quality of the resulting feed and complicates the preparation technology, which is not always possible in livestock farms, complexes and poultry farms.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to create a press extruder that allows you to get high-quality feed from a mixture of grain components with insoluble soybean residue (okara) in conditions of direct consumption on the spot.

The technical result that can be achieved using the invention is to obtain high-quality feed from a mixture of grain components with soya okara.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the press extruder for the preparation of animal feed, comprising a hollow body with a profiled inner surface and a screw arranged in the housing for rotation, the screw shaft is conical and a four-feather knife is fixed on it, dividing the body into a mixing zone with a preliminary sealing and the barothermal processing zone of the material, and the screw winding in the barothermic processing zone has a decreasing step, in addition, a for uyuschy cone and chopping knife for crushing of the final extrudate, and between the hollow body and the shape of the cone has an adjustable annular gap is designed for discharging the extrudate.

Obtaining high-quality mixed fodder from a mixture of grain components with okara is achieved by the fact that when passing the material of the mixing zone with pre-compaction, active mixing of the components of the mixture and partial compaction of the material occur, causing arch formation on the profiled inner surface of the housing due to relatively high humidity. As a result of the interaction of the processed material with the feathers of a four-feather knife, the arch of the material is destroyed, while the material becomes friable, which contributes to more intensive mixing. In addition, when passing the center distance between the feathers of the knife, additional compaction occurs and the temperature rises due to friction forces.

Passing the barothermal treatment zone, the material being processed is subjected to a temperature effect sufficient to inactivate the inhibitors and urease located in the cage due to friction forces and increasing pressure, since the winding of the screw in the barothermal treatment zone has a decreasing step.

A forming cone is installed at the discharge end of the screw, which further increases the temperature regime, with the possibility of reciprocating movement by reducing the annular gap between the forming cone and the screw housing, which increases the friction coefficient.

Between the body and the forming cone there is an annular gap, adjustable by an adjusting washer. Through the gap, the extrudate is discharged, followed by grinding with a knife mounted on the discharge end of the screw. The mixture of grain components and insoluble soybean residue is loaded through the receiving hopper of the press extruder. The use of a four-feather knife that separates the pressing chamber into the mixing zone with preliminary compaction and the barothermal processing zone of the material, the screw shaft being conical, the screw winding in the barothermic processing zone having a decreasing step, allows to obtain high-quality compound feeds from a mixture of grain components and insoluble soybean residue (okara) .

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a press extruder, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is a section aa, a four-feather knife;

figure 3 - section BB, chopping knife.

The implementation of the invention

The extruder for the preparation of feed consists of a hollow body 1 with a profiled inner surface 2 located in the hollow body 1 of the screw 3, the shaft of the screw 3 is cone-shaped, and a four-feather knife 4 is fixed on it, dividing the body 1 into the mixing zone with the preliminary seal I and a barothermal treatment zone of material II, and screw winding 3 in the barotermic treatment zone II has a decreasing step, in addition, a forming cone 5 and a chopping knife 8 for grinding of course are installed on the discharge end of the shaft th extrudate, and between the hollow body 1 and the forming cone 5 there is an adjustable annular gap 6, adjustable by adjusting washers 7, intended for unloading the extrudate. The loading of the components of the mixture is carried out through the receiving hopper 9.

Press extruder operates as follows.

After turning on the drive (not shown), a mixture of grain components and insoluble soybean residue (okara) is fed through a hopper 9 to the screw 3, which captures it with its turns, moves the material in the axial direction into the mixing zone with pre-compaction, where the components are actively mixed with pre-compaction. In this case, due to the friction forces on the profiled inner surface 2, the material is abraded, and due to the increase in temperature and humidity, the arch of the latter occurs.

When passing the material of the four-feather knife 4 under the pressure of the screw 3, the roof of the material is destroyed and the material becomes friable, which contributes to more intensive mixing.

After passing through the mixing zone, the material is picked up by the appropriate turns of the screw 3, subjected to more intensive mixing by the turns of the screw 3 of barothermic treatment, which contributes to the inactivation of anti-nutrients.

When the material passes through the annular gap 6 between the hollow body 1 and the forming cone 5, an additional temperature regime is created, which also leads to the formation of the material. To destroy the arch of material, a chopping knife 8 is installed at the discharge end of the screw 3. Adjusting washers 7 are used to adjust the annular gap 6 between the hollow body 1 and the forming cone 5, which allow the reciprocating movement of the forming cone 5.

The proposed design in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- the versatility of the press extruder for the preparation of animal feed makes it possible to combine several technological operations in one technical tool, such as mixing, grinding, barothermic processing;

- reduction of energy intensity due to the intensification of the process of preparing animal feed from grain components and insoluble soybean residue (okara);

- improving the quality indicators by increasing the uniformity of the feed particles in terms of material composition.

Claims (1)

A press extruder for the preparation of animal feed, comprising a hollow body with a profiled inner surface and a screw arranged in the housing rotatably, characterized in that the screw shaft is conical and a four-feather knife is fixed on it, dividing the body into a mixing zone with preliminary compaction and a barometric processing zone material, moreover, winding the screw in the barometric processing zone has a decreasing step, in addition, a forming cone and a chopping knife are installed on the unloading end of the shaft I of the final shredding of the extrudate, and between the hollow body and the shape of the cone has an adjustable annular gap is designed for discharging the extrudate.

Images