RU2767308C1 - Nuclear power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a containment for a reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant. Containment is made in the form of walls and floors from monolithic steel-reinforced concrete structures by means of fixed steel modular formwork with formation of large and small caissons. Formwork module is made of rolled or stamped sheet billet with a profile in the form of an open trapezoid, comprising a closed base and an open base, and coated with sealed steel lining made on inner surface of containment mainly from high-strength alloyed stainless alloys. Fixed steel modular formwork is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys with possibility of installation on closed or open base, caissons are made with possibility of filling with heat insulation material or concrete. Tight steel lining along the inner surface of the containment is made in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panel, the outer surface of which is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys.

EFFECT: increased operational reliability, safety and service life of NPP reactor compartment containment structures at high temperatures and/or emergency situations, or explosion, as well as expansion of functional and technological capabilities with reduction of material consumption.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of nuclear power and relates to the design and construction of nuclear power plants, namely their protection from external impacts and, above all, protection from high-speed impacts, in particular for reducing the consequences in various emergency situations or preventing accidents, and can be used in the creation of protective shells for reactor compartments and other special premises at facilities that perceive increased loads both from the inside and from the outside.

Known large-block mounting module according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2735793, class. Е04С 5/08, 2020, intended for the construction of industrial buildings, which are subject to requirements for increased structural load-bearing capacity. It contains a reinforcing block assembled from reinforcing spatial cages and from non-removable formwork panels made of modular elements and fastened to a reinforcing block; whereby each reinforcing block of the large-block mounting module and the foundation is equipped with connecting outlets, which are fixed on the mating surfaces of the reinforcing spatial frames of the connected large-block mounting modules and the foundation, each connecting outlet is made in the form of a closed, in particular, a loop.

The use of a large-block mounting module allows not only to significantly reduce the construction time of facilities, but also to reduce labor costs in the construction of foundation and wall structures that perceive increased loads from external influences, and also improves the reliability and strength of the structure being erected.

However, the mounting module is mainly applicable for the construction of external elements of the station, and for solving local problems - creating a protective shell, it is not used.

A known method for the construction of large-span ceilings and coatings according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2734511, class. Е04В 5/40, 2020, which consists in the fact that spatial frames of columns, floor beams and roof trusses are mounted on the foundation. Additional transverse supports are installed on the upper chord of the floor beam and / or roof trusses, and a load-bearing flooring of non-removable modular elements is installed on the additional transverse supports, having a cross-sectional profile in the form of an open trapezoid containing an upper base and an open lower base with flanges, through which they connect modular elements between themselves with the formation of the lower surface of the floor or cover. A reinforcing cage is placed in the inner volume of the flooring and successively poured with concrete, and a heater is laid in the inner volume of the flooring, on which the roofing is mounted.

This technical solution makes it possible to erect large-span monolithic reinforced concrete floors and light steel thin-walled roof structures with increased bearing capacity and high positioning accuracy of the floor and roof fabric on the upper chords of floor beams and roof trusses using fixed steel modular formwork.

This expands the possibilities of using a modular element made of a sheet blank, rolled or stamped with a profile in the form of an open trapezoid, including the possibility of solving the problem of safety, durability and reliability of operation of the NPP reactor compartment at elevated temperatures in the reactor compartment.

Known fixed formwork system for large-block construction of structures according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2720548, class. Е04В 2/86, 2020, which contains formwork panels assembled from universal modular elements with caisson formers and reinforcing cages placed in caisson formers, moreover, the formwork panels are made in the form of large formwork panels, the dimensions of which are made in proportion to the width and / or height of the span in relation to the construction of the wall, the width and / or length of the span in relation to the construction of the ceiling and roof, and large formwork panels for the construction of the wall, ceiling and roof are fastened with ties and / or conductors and made in the form of mounting modules, while each universal modular element is made of galvanized or stainless steel from a sheet blank by cold stamping or rolling with a cross section in the form of an open trapezoid, and in cross section the universal modular element is made in the form of an open trapezoid with a small base-shelf and is a caisson former for placing a reinforcing cage and filling with concrete, and the lower larger base of the profile trapezoid is made open and consists of flanging with a certain design, and the universal modular elements are interconnected into mounting modules.

This solution can be used in the construction of residential, industrial and public buildings, as well as special structures of Rosatom, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc., which are subject to requirements for increased bearing capacity of structures, including the construction of monolithic building structures : foundations, grillages, caissons, walls, columns, ceilings and coatings that perceive increased loads from external influences: an attack by an aircraft, a rocket and a projectile, a man-made explosion.

Having completed some modifications, it is possible to use fixed formwork in the construction of the containment shell of the reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant.

Known nuclear power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2720212, class. G21D 1/00, 2020, adopted by the applicant as a prototype. It contains the main building with a reactor compartment, reactors placed in a protective metal shell and a process crane, an engine room with turbines, a room for the main technological, engineering and auxiliary purposes, the reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant contains a protective shell made in the form of walls and floors from monolithic steel-reinforced concrete structures by means of a fixed steel modular formwork with the formation of large and small caissons, the module of which is made of a sheet blank rolled or stamped with a profile in the form of an open trapezoid containing a closed base and an open base, and covered with a sealed steel lining, made along the inner surface of the protective shells, mainly from high-strength alloyed stainless alloys.

The design of this station makes it possible to ensure significantly greater strength and tightness of the enclosing structures of the possible space for the spread of explosion products, which ensures the localization of radioactive emissions throughout its volume and the prevention of their breakthrough into the atmosphere in the event of a nuclear power plant accident.

The main disadvantage of this station is the limited service life at elevated temperatures in the reactor compartment.

The development and practical implementation of specific projects for nuclear power plant buildings ensures an increase in the efficiency of energy supply by further expanding the scope of nuclear energy.

The safety of the operation of a nuclear power plant is ensured by technological, as well as design and layout solutions.

In all solutions without exception, the most structurally complex, material-intensive and labor-intensive is the reactor compartment and especially its accident localization zone - the containment and structures inside it, as well as buildings, special rooms for special water purification, processing and storage of radioactive waste, decontamination and repair of "dirty" equipment .

The technical problem is to increase the protection of the station itself and the environment from radioactive emissions during unforeseen man-made explosions of a nuclear power plant, to increase the safety of operation at elevated temperatures of a nuclear reactor and / or to localize the spread of explosion products within the internal volumes of the reactor compartment and the device itself in the event of an emergency or reactor explosion.

The technical problem posed is solved by the fact that in the proposed nuclear power plant containing a reactor compartment with a protective shell made in the form of walls and ceilings from monolithic steel-concrete structures by means of a fixed steel modular formwork with the formation of large and small caissons, the module of which is made of a sheet blank by rolling or stamped with a profile in the form of an open trapezoid, containing a closed base and an open base, and covered with a sealed steel lining, made along the inner surface of the protective shell, mainly from high-strength alloyed stainless alloys, fixed steel modular formwork is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys with the possibility of installation or on an open base, or on a closed base, and the caissons are made with the possibility of filling with either insulation or concrete, a sealed steel lining along the inner surface of the protective shell in It is made in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panel, and the outer surface of the heat-insulating sandwich panel is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys.

In addition, channels are made in each wall and in the ceiling of the reactor compartment, in which ropes are placed, and pipelines of the containment cooling system and the heat-insulating sandwich panel are installed in the caissons.

The technical result from the use of the proposed invention is to increase the operational reliability, safety and service life of the structures of the containment of the reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant at elevated temperatures and / or emergency situations, or explosion, and to expand the functional, technological capabilities of the nuclear reactor vessel, reduce the material consumption, through the use of non-removable steel modular formwork, made from a sheet blank with a rolled or stamped profile in the form of an open trapezoid of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys, for erecting the containment shell of the reactor compartment in the form of walls and ceilings, as well as through the use of sealed steel cladding of the inner surface of the containment shell in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panels.

In FIG. 1 shows the reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant, vertical section;

in fig. 2 - section A-A in Fig. 1, horizontal section of the reactor compartment;

in fig. 3 - node I in FIG. 1, the containment shell of the reactor compartment ceiling, where a fixed steel modular formwork is installed on an open base;

in fig. 4 - node I in FIG. 1, the containment shell of the reactor compartment ceiling, where a fixed steel modular formwork is installed on a closed base;

in fig. 5 - node II in FIG. 3, fastener and fastening of sealed steel cladding with fixed steel modular formwork;

in fig. 6 - a module of fixed steel formwork, made with a profile in the form of an open trapezoid.

In accordance with the IAEA recommendations, the design of nuclear power plants and facilities with nuclear power plants should be carried out not only for regularly operating static and dynamic loads, but also for the impact of random factors caused by both natural phenomena (tornadoes, earthquakes) and emergency situations arising in as a result of human activity (taking into account external events caused by human activity in the design of nuclear power plants).

Man-made emergencies include, among others, crashes of aircraft, engines and other high-speed objects.

Protective structures of nuclear power plants from the action of dynamic loads are usually made either in the form of reinforced concrete or double (reinforced concrete + steel) protective shells, which are designed for the following external influences: aircraft crash, blast wave, seismic loads.

The proposed nuclear power plant contains a reactor compartment with a protective shell, which is made in the form of walls and ceilings from monolithic steel-reinforced concrete structures by means of a fixed steel modular formwork 1. When assembled, the modular formwork forms caissons 2 - large and 3 - small, and the formwork module 1 is made of a sheet blank rolled or stamped with a profile in the form of an open trapezoid, contains a closed base 4 and an open base 5.

The containment shell of the reactor compartment is covered with a sealed steel lining, which is made mainly of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys over the entire inner surface of the containment shell.

The non-removable steel modular formwork 1 is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys with the possibility of installation (basing) either on an open base 5 or on a closed base 4. And the caissons 2 - large and 3 - small are made with the possibility of filling with either insulation 6 or concrete 7. Therefore, depending on the placement of fixed steel modular formwork 1 during the erection of walls or overlapping of the containment shell of the reactor compartment, large caissons 2 can be made closed and filled with insulation 6, while small caissons 3 can be made open and filled with concrete 7. (Fig. 3)

In another version, when placing a fixed steel modular formwork 1 on a closed base 4, large caissons 2 can be made open and filled with concrete 7, while small caissons 3 can be made closed and filled with insulation 6. (Fig. 4)

The use of one and the other option is due to the requirements for the supporting structures of the reactor compartment, depending on the temperature regimes. The structure shown in Fig. 3 is designed to operate at the most elevated temperatures, and the design shown in figure 4 withstands the greatest dynamic loads.

Sealed steel cladding applied over the entire inner surface of the protective shell is made in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panel 8, and the outer surface of the heat-insulating sandwich panel 8 is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys.

Monolithic steel-reinforced concrete structures, from which the walls and ceilings of the containment shell of the reactor compartment are made, are a monolithic reinforced concrete slab 9, in which channels 10 are made, in which additional reinforcement in the form of ropes 11 is placed to reduce the consumption of reinforcement due to more uniform compression of the containment shell and the possibility of regulating the stress-strain state of the load-bearing structures of the containment vessel during operation of the reactor compartment.

And in the caissons, depending on the placement of a fixed steel modular formwork 1 on an open base 5 or on a closed base 4, 2-large and 3-small, when they are closed, technological pipelines 12 of the containment cooling system and heat-insulating sandwich panel 8 are installed , which, the cooling system, is designed to protect against excessive heating of the sandwich panel 8 of monolithic steel-reinforced concrete structures of the reactor compartment during operation of the nuclear reactor 13.

Pipelines 12 of the cooling system provide optimal temperature conditions between the sandwich panel 8 and the building structures of the reactor building and protect the building part of the NPP building from excessive overheating of the supporting and enclosing structures during the operation of the nuclear reactor, which expands the functionality of the reactor building and increases the operational reliability of the NPP building .

The containment shell of the reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant is erected as follows.

By calculation, the thickness of the wall and ceiling is determined, which is the most reliable and safe for the operation of a nuclear reactor 13. A fixed steel modular formwork 1 is installed on the selected width on an open base 5 (Fig. ), fixed. In the gap between the installed formwork, reinforcing cages are placed (not shown in the drawings), as well as channel formers for making channels 10. And in large closed caissons 2, pipelines 12 are laid, intended for the ventilation system and the cooling system of the containment and heat-insulating sandwich panel 8, or technological engineering networks, etc., and also lay insulation 6 in them.

According to another option, (Fig. 4), a fixed steel modular formwork 1 is installed on a closed base 4. In the gap between the installed formwork, reinforcing cages and channel formers are also placed to make channels 10. And in the formed small closed caissons 3, pipelines 12 and insulation 6 are laid .

After laying pipelines 12 and insulation 6 in closed caissons, fasteners 14 are placed in open caissons for installing and fastening a sealed steel cladding made in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panel 8.

After placing the ropes 11 in the channels 10 and fixing the heat-insulating sandwich panel 8 with a fixed steel modular formwork 1 with fasteners 14, concrete 7 is poured into the assembled inter-form space and, after concrete reaches strength, a steel-reinforced concrete protective shell is obtained. To enhance the safety of the operation of the nuclear reactor 13 and localize the consequences of the explosion of the reactor 13, the inner surface of the protective shell is covered with a sealed steel lining, made in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panel 8, the outer surface of which is made mainly of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys.

Pipelines 12 of the cooling system provide optimal temperature conditions between the sandwich panel 8 and the building structures of the reactor building and protect the building part of the NPP building from excessive overheating of the supporting and enclosing structures during the operation of the nuclear reactor, which expands the functionality of the reactor building and increases the reliability of the NPP building.

Thus, a monolithic wall and a monolithic ceiling of the reactor compartment were obtained, and the fastener 14 poured with concrete securely fastens the heat-insulating sandwich panel 9 to the fixed steel modular formwork 1.

The use of the proposed technical solution made it possible to create a nuclear power plant with increased operational reliability, safety and long service life, including the creation of a durable and reliable design of the containment shell of the reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant, due to the use of a fixed steel modular formwork made from a sheet blank of rolled or a stamped profile in the form of an open trapezoid from high-strength alloyed stainless alloys, for the construction of the containment shell of the reactor compartment in the form of walls and ceilings, as well as through the use of sealed steel lining of the inner surface of the containment shell in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panel.

Claims (2)

1. The protective shell of the reactor compartment of a nuclear power plant, containing a reactor compartment with a protective shell, which is made in the form of walls and ceilings from monolithic steel-reinforced concrete structures by means of a fixed steel modular formwork with the formation of large and small caissons, the module of which is made of a sheet blank rolled or stamped with profile in the form of an open trapezoid, containing a closed base and an open base, and covered with a sealed steel lining, made along the inner surface of the protective shell, mainly from high-strength alloyed stainless alloys, characterized in that the fixed steel modular formwork is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys with the possibility installation either on an open base or on a closed base, and the caissons are made with the possibility of filling with either insulation or concrete, hermetic steel lining along the inner surface of the containment made in the form of a heat-insulating sandwich panel, and the outer surface of the heat-insulating sandwich panel is made of high-strength alloyed stainless alloys. 2. The containment shell according to claim 1, characterized in that channels are made in each wall and in the ceiling of the reactor compartment, in which ropes are placed, and pipelines of the containment cooling system and heat-insulating sandwich panel are installed in the caissons.

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