RU2764264C1 - Feed additive for honey bees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a feed additive for honey bees. The additive is characterized by the fact that it contains inactivated biomass of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dry bacterial spores of the strain Bacillus subtillis RNCIM 2335 and Bacillus licheniformis RNCIM 2336, as well as a filler in the form of finely ground sucrose crystals. All the original components are used in a certain ratio.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the bees’ honey productivity and viability, as well as increase their resistance to diseases.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, namely to beekeeping, and is a mixture of components for use as an additive in the feeding of honey bees.

For the prevention and treatment of bees from infections and parasitosis, beekeepers use various antibiotics and insecticides, which imposes restrictions on the production of organic honey and other bee products [Shvanskaya I.A. Problems and prospects for the development of organic agriculture in Russia / I.A. Shvanskaya // Science in Central Russia. - 2014. - No. 3 (9). - S. 36-41]. Therefore, in order to find effective and safe ways to prevent the weakening and death of bee colonies, it is necessary to stimulate natural physiological processes in the body of bees, activating their own resistance mechanisms.

Known methods of enriching feeding for bees biologically active component "Elite" and zeolite flour (RF Patent No. 2220570, 06/05/2002) or a mixture of chickpea and zeolite flour - (RF Patent No. 2252532, 05/27/2005). The disadvantage of these methods is the presence in the composition of the additive of a large amount of ballast substances in the form of high molecular weight carbohydrates, as well as the lack of antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms.

A known method of enrichment of stimulating feeding for bees by adding yeast hydrolyzate "Protamine" to the sugar syrup (RF Patent No. 2441370, 02.10.2012).

The disadvantage of this method is the possibility of its use only in the form of syrup, as well as the lack of antimicrobial activity.

Known means for stimulating physiological processes in bees and protecting them from infectious diseases, which consists in feeding the bees for 1 month with a suspension of bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis 11 B strain (RF Patent No. 2380406, 27.01.2010).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of only one probiotic strain and, as a result, the lack of a synergistic effect of bacteria, as well as the absence of a protein-vitamin component in the supplement.

A polyfunctional top dressing for honey bees is known, which has in its composition chitosan succinate, chitosan, lactose-free whey hydrolyzate, biomass of bacteria of the strain Bacillus subtillis VKM B-2716D and Bacillus licheniformis VKM B-2717D, as well as glucose (RF Patent No. 2687457, 05/13/2019 ). This invention is a prototype of the claimed invention, as it contains a protein-vitamin and probiotic component.

However, the disadvantage of this top dressing is the high cost of the ingredients and the inability to apply by dry spraying.

The technical objective of the invention is to create an effective complex additive for feeding honey bees, stimulating their viability, productivity and resistance to infectious diseases.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the productivity and survival of bee colonies due to a cheaper and easier to use feed additive.

The technical result is achieved by enriching the feeding with easily digestible protein and vitamins in the form of dry inactivated biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cultures in the amount of 50 wt. %, probiotic component in the form of 5 wt. % dry spores of bacteria of the strain Bacillus subtillis VKPM 2335 with a concentration of at least 1×10 ⁷ CFU/g and 5 wt. % dry spores of bacteria of the strain Bacillus licheniformis VKPM 2336 with a concentration of at least 1×10 ⁷ CFU/g, as well as 40 wt. % finely ground sucrose crystals as filler.

Probiotic strains of the genus Bacillus have a stimulating effect on the spring development of the bee colony, increase its honey productivity, and also contribute to successful wintering. Reproducing in the intestinal lumen, these bacteria produce all the main types of enzymes (proteases, amylases, lipases, pectinases, cellulases), which have an antimicrobial and antitoxic effect, and also promote digestion in the anterior, middle and posterior sections of the intestine [Savustyanenko A.V. Mechanisms of action of probiotics based on B. subtilis. // Actual infectology, 2016. - No. 2 (11), p. 35-38].

Spray-dried yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, containing at least 50% crude protein, 2.5% fat, 2.6% nitrogen, stimulates queen oviposition and the viability of worker bees. They contain all essential and conditionally essential amino acids, as well as tyrosine, serine, alanine, proline, aspartic and glutamic acid. The absence of ballast substances and high digestibility for insects is achieved through cultivation on cellulose-free nutrient media and spray drying.

The composition of the additive also includes finely ground sucrose for ease of dosing and increasing the attractiveness for bees when using top dressing by dry spraying.

Three ways to use the claimed additive:

1. Dissolving 15 g of the additive in 200 ml of sugar syrup or honey at a temperature of 15-37°C and introducing into the hives by pouring into the feeder, laying out in plastic bags over the frames or by spraying the frames.

2. Preparation of kandi by kneading 50 g of the additive in 800 g of a mixture of honey, water and powdered sugar and laying the additive under the canvas.

3. Dusting of the central frames/frames with brood with an addition of 15 g.

To evaluate the effect of the proposed additive, the following options were tested - Analogue (7 g of casein per beehive as a protein component of top dressing), Control (without additives in top dressing) and the Invention. To evaluate each variant, three bee colonies were selected, top dressing was carried out twice in spring and once in summer by dissolving the additive in 200 ml of sugar syrup, after which 30 bees were selected from each hive to analyze the activity of detoxifying enzymes in the intestinal wall and fat body (Table 1). ).

Analysis of the results of the activity of detoxifying enzymes in the intestine and fat body allows us to draw the following conclusions: the use of the claimed invention increases the activity of both enzymes both in the intestine and in the fat body. When casein is used in top dressing, enzyme activity indicators decrease, and the complete absence of additives in top dressing leads to a significant decrease in detoxifying activity in the intestines and fat body of bees. Thus, from a practical point of view, yeast nutrition, together with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, has pronounced properties of stimulating the detoxifying system of bees.

In addition, 20 bees from the control and study groups were selected to assess the degree of development of the fat body. The average value for the group, which was supplemented with probiotic strains and inactivated yeast cultures, was 4.5 points, for the control group - 3.1 points (Table 2).

During the honey harvest, the honey productivity of three options was evaluated. The average honey productivity per season was: in the control group, an average of 4 kg per hive, in the analogue group - 14.3 kg per hive, in the group using the invention - 27.5 kg per hive (Table 2).

Thus, the degree of development of the fat body of bees when using the proposed additive increases by an average of 1.2 points, which indicates its high nutritional value and stimulating effect on the body of bees. The honey productivity per family when using the additive increases by 6.9 times compared to the control and by 1.9 times compared to the analogue. These results indicate the wide possibilities of using the proposed additive to increase the productivity of honey bees in industrial and private beekeeping.

Claims (2)

Feed additive for honey bees, characterized in that it contains inactivated biomass of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, dry spores of bacteria of the strain Bacillus subtillis VKPM 2335 and Bacillus licheniformis VKPM 2336, as well as a filler in the form of finely ground sucrose crystals in the following ratio of initial components, wt. %: dry inactivated yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiae 50.00 dry spores of Bacillus subtillis bacteria VKPM 2335 with a concentration of at least 1×10 ⁷ CFU/g 5.0 dry spores of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria VKPM 2336 with a concentration of at least 1×10 ⁷ CFU/g 5.0 filler 40.0