RU2752067C2 - Self-loading mixing and charging machine for charging wells in the process of manufacturing explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drilling and blasting operations.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of drilling and blasting operations, namely to mixing and charging machines. The mixing and charging machine for charging wells in the process of manufacturing explosives consists of a transport base with a driver-operator’s cab and a platform with a complex of equipment placed on it, including a system for mixing components and feeding explosives into the well, a transportation screw for feeding explosives to the tray when the well is charged, a system for loading explosives components into containers, a system for unpacking containers in the form of a soft container for single use, a weighing system with a sensor, an unloading funnel. As a mixing system, a gravity mixing reel is used, fixed by means of a support frame on a transport base. The machine contains an intermediate hopper located under the discharge hole of the gravity mixing reel. The machine contains a transport screw-dispenser, fixed cantilevered to the bottom of the intermediate hopper. The machine contains a weighing system consisting of a controller, a position sensor and a switching unit, a funnel, a flap, a hydraulic cylinder, a pressure sensor, and a lever. The discharge funnel is fixed on the support frame above the discharge hole of the gravity mixing reel. Containers for the liquid component are located on the sides of the transport base. The hydraulic manipulator is installed by means of hinges in the center of the front part of the transport base, and it contains a chopper, a flap, a system for unpacking a soft container for single use, including a bucket with knives, and a hook. The hydraulic system consists of a pump connected through a power selection box to the vehicle engine, hydraulic distributors, hydraulic hoses, through which all equipment drives, such as hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders, are powered.EFFECT: achieved technical result from the application of the invention is simplifying and reducing the technological cycle.1 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling and blasting operations carried out in open pit mining, construction work, etc.

A mixing and charging machine (hereinafter referred to as SPM) for the production of explosives (hereinafter explosives) and charging of wells is intended for the manufacture of multicomponent bulk explosives by cold mixing of granular ammonium nitrate with liquid and solid combustible components in the process of charging wells on the earth's surface.

Basically, the production of mixtures of ammonium nitrate - combustible additives is carried out in mixing and charging machines directly at the blasting sites in the process of charging wells.

According to the Mining Encyclopedia (edited by EA Kozlovsky "Mining Encyclopedia", vol. 2, M., Soviet Encyclopedia, 1986): CHARGING MACHINE (a. Charger, charge loader; n. Aufladungsmaschine; f. Machine a charger; and . maquina de cargar, cargadora de explosivo) - DEVICE for mechanized supply of granular, cartridge and fluid (water-containing) explosives into charging cavities (wells, boreholes, boilers, chambers) during open and underground mining, as well as for the preparation of explosives ( igdanite, water-based explosives-) during loading.

A charging machine for open work consists of a transport base (mainly a car), a container for explosives or its components, a device for feeding explosives from a container into a well, a MIXING DEVICE (in the manufacture of explosives), control and monitoring systems. The working bodies are driven by a transport engine. The device for gravity feed of explosives consists of screw conveyors or pneumatic diaphragms, for pneumatic feed - from a compressor unit, a feeder (chamber or drum), a charging hose. When loading explosives, it is fed from the container by a screw conveyor or by means of a diaphragm to the discharge opening, from which it flows by gravity through a chute or sleeve into the well (gravity feed). With pneumatic supply of explosives from the unloading hole it is directed to the feeder, from which it is fed into the borehole with the help of compressed air through a charging hose. Control the loading process from the cockpit.

In the UN documents of 2008 (ECE / TRANS / WP.15 / 2008/4 15 February 2008) the same device is defined - "Mixing and charging machine" (SPM) means a machine or vehicle with an installed machine for manufacturing explosives from dangerous goods other than explosive and their loading. The machine consists of various tanks and bulk containers, processing equipment, as well as pumps and related equipment. SPM may have special compartments for packed explosives. "

In turn, a vehicle has a definition from the SDA (clause 1.2): "Vehicle" - a DEVICE designed to transport people, goods or equipment installed on it by road.

Another confirmation: In mining quarries, the mechanized supply of explosives to the charging planes (such as boreholes, boreholes, boilers and chambers) is carried out using mixing and charging machines.

These devices are also used to prepare the explosives themselves during the loading process. Mixing and charging machines are used both in open and underground mine workings. Plants can be equipped to use a wide range of explosives: granular, cartridge and fluid.

Chargers are subdivided into self-propelled and mobile (including portable), depending on the availability of a transport base. The main blocks of the device are:

• container for explosives or its components;

• device for supplying explosives from the container to the borehole;

• mixing devices;

• control systems;

• control systems.

https://www.arlan.ru/news/1385/.

Known mixing and charging installation for the production of explosives and loading wells (patent No. 166670, IPC F42D 1/08, С06В 21/00, publ. 10.12.2016), intended for the manufacture of explosives by cold mixing granular ammonium nitrate with liquid petroleum products in the process of charging wells on the earth's surface, contains a flow-gravity mixer for explosives rigidly connected to the ammonium nitrate bunker equipped with a quick-detachable charging tray, a fuel module consisting of a liquid fuel tank, a hydraulic system driven by a power take-off of a car and a pneumatic system for driving a gate valve with calibrated holes to regulate the productivity of well loading.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the poor quality of the resulting mixture in view of the fact that the flow-gravity mixer does not allow the explosives to be thoroughly mixed; no weighing system.

Known mobile complex for loading wells in the process of manufacturing explosives (patent No. 165806, IPC F42D 1/08, op. 11/10/2016), including a transport base, a supply bunker of ammonium nitrate, a fuel tank, a flow gravity mixer of explosives, a lifting device. It contains an assembly structure consisting of an ammonium nitrate bunker and an in-line gravity mixer of explosives connected to each other by any known method, mounted on a common frame. On the side wall of the ammonium nitrate feed hopper, there is a control panel for the technological process of making explosives and loading wells. The hydraulic system for supplying diesel fuel to the in-line gravity mixer of explosives is made with a pumping station drive from a wheeled tractor. A self-propelled wheeled tractor with a fuel tank installed on it and a lifting device in the form of a front loader equipped with transport forks was chosen as a transport base.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the poor quality of the resulting mixture in view of the fact that the flow-gravity mixer does not allow the explosives to be thoroughly mixed; there is no weighing system, there is no self-loading function, which requires the use of additional equipment, there is no ammonium nitrate grinder, which does not allow obtaining explosives with improved characteristics.

Known transport-charging machine (patent No. 164596, IPC F42D 1/08, op.10.09.2016), containing a transport base, a bunker of ammonium nitrate, a liquid fuel tank equipped with a heat-insulating casing, a retractable feeder, a liquid fuel supply system and a hydraulic drive system, characterized in that it additionally contains an in-line gravity mixer, the transport base is a cargo dump truck, the body of which, lined with sheet stainless steel and covered with a roof in the form of a continuous flooring with loading hatches equipped with a mesh and closing hinged covers, is an ammonium nitrate bunker; the rear part of the body turns into a pyramid of irregular shape, in one of the faces, shifted to the left side, in its lower part there is an opening in which the inlet branch pipe of the auger feeder is fixed with the possibility of rotating it around its axis, the outlet branch pipe of the auger feeder is connected to the flow gravity an explosives mixer; in the transport position, the screw feeder is within the dimensions of the tailgate, and when loading the wells, it is turned towards the left side of the dump truck, while the axes of the outlet pipe of the screw feeder and the well coincide.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the poor quality of the resulting mixture in view of the fact that the flow-gravity mixer does not allow the explosives to be thoroughly mixed; there is no weighing system, there is no self-loading function, which requires the use of additional equipment, there is no ammonium nitrate grinder, which does not allow obtaining explosives with improved characteristics.

The closest known technical solution to the invention is a mixing-charging machine for transportation and gravitational charging of wells with bulk industrial explosives (patent No. 76442, IPC F42D 1/08, op.20.09.2008), consisting of a transport base with a platform on which a removable container for a bulk explosive component with loading and unloading hatches with closable covers, metering devices for explosive components, a system for mixing the components and feeding explosives into the well and a tank with a liquid explosive component, characterized in that the mixing and charging machine is equipped with a second removable container for the bulk explosive component , installed next to the first container, and both containers are installed on the platform of the transport base by means of load cells of the weighing system, as well as a manipulator for lifting containers with a bulk explosive component and loading the explosive component into containers, which are made with lower safety hatches and upper loading hatches kami with cover drive mechanisms and safety ejection diaphragms. 2. A mixing-charging machine for transportation and gravitational charging of wells with bulk industrial explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport base is made of four axles. A mixing and charging machine for transporting and gravitational charging of wells with bulk industrial explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for feeding explosives into the well contains a chute directing explosives into the well, with a drive for lifting the chute in the transport position, and mixing and transporting screws , designed to supply explosives to the chute when loading the borehole, which are located with a rise at an angle to the horizontal. 4. A mixing and charging machine for transportation and gravitational charging of wells with bulk industrial explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that the manipulator for lifting containers with a bulk explosive component and loading an explosive component into containers is made with a hydraulic drive mechanism and is installed on the platform of the transport base between two containers for the bulk explosive component. A mixing-charging machine for transportation and gravitational charging of wells with bulk industrial explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that a fire wall is installed on the platform of the transport base behind the operator's cab.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the load cells used in the weight measuring system of the known SPM are extremely sensitive to vibration that inevitably appears on the vehicle while driving, and even at idle speed. Vibration can adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of the weighing system. Mixing and transporting screws are continuous mixers and are inferior to batch mixers (gravity drum) in terms of mixing quality, there is no ammonium nitrate grinder, which does not allow obtaining explosives with improved characteristics.

The objective of the invention is to develop a self-loading mixing and charging machine for charging wells in the process of manufacturing explosives, the design of which will remove the functions of delivering explosive components from a warehouse to a block from a specialized transport, increase the economic efficiency of using specialized equipment, improve the explosive characteristics of explosives by using crushed ammonium nitrate , improve the economic efficiency of blasting operations.

The achieved technical result from the application of the invention is to simplify and shorten the technological cycle, reduce labor costs and the cost of blasting operations by creating a mixing and charging machine, the design of which makes it possible to remove the functions of delivering explosive components from a warehouse to a block from a specialized transport, which makes it possible to increase economic efficiency the use of specialized equipment, and crushing of ammonium nitrate immediately before mixing makes it possible to increase the explosive characteristics of explosives, to increase the economic efficiency of blasting operations, since It is known that with a decrease in the particle diameter of ammonium nitrate, the detonation velocity increases and the critical diameter decreases.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a mixing-charging machine for charging wells in the process of making explosives, consisting of a transport base with an operator's cabin, with a set of equipment mounted on it, including a system for mixing explosive components, a system for feeding explosives into the well, containers with a liquid component, a screw, a system for loading components of explosives, a weighing system with a sensor, according to the invention, contains a mixing system in the form of a gravity mixing drum fixed by means of a support frame on a transport base; while the intermediate hopper is located under the unloading opening of the gravity mixing drum on the support frame, the transport auger, made with the function of a dispenser, is cantilevered to the lower part of the intermediate hopper installed on the support frame under the unloading opening of the gravity mixing drum, containers for the liquid component are located on the sides of the transport base , the engine of the transport base (car) of the mixing and charging machine, the hydraulic manipulator is installed in the center of the front part of the transport base, the hydraulic manipulator contains a chopper, a shutter, a system for unloading a soft container for single use, which is a bucket with knives and a hook; in this case, the hydraulic system consists of a pump connected through a power take-off to the engine, hydraulic valves, valves, hydraulic hoses through which all equipment drives, such as hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders are powered, the weighing system consists of a controller, a position sensor and a switching unit, a funnel; dampers; hydraulic cylinder; pressure sensor; lever and controls the loaded components and the charge discharged into the well.

The advantages of the claimed SPM:

1. The presence of a weighing system, with the measurement of the number of components and explosive charge by mass, insensitive to vibration.

2. Specialized equipment is used only for the manufacture and loading of explosives, and universal transport is used to transport explosive components.

3. The presence of an ammonium nitrate grinder, respectively, an increase in the efficiency of explosives.

4. The gravity mixing drum used in SPM is a batch mixer. The known SPM uses a flow-gravity mixer or a screw mixer, which are continuous mixers. The quality of mixing when using a gravity mixing drum, as a batch mixer, is higher due to the design of the drum and the possibility of more accurate dosing of components, no need to use feeders and batchers of components.

The main distinguishing features of this SPM from well-known technical solutions are the use of: a mixing gravity drum, a system for unloading and loading an SPM, a grinder and the possibility of SPM working with crushed ammonium nitrate, a weighing system.

Grinding of ammonium nitrate immediately before mixing makes it possible to increase the explosive characteristics of explosives, and to increase the economic efficiency of blasting operations. It is known that with a decrease in the particle diameter of ammonium nitrate, the detonation velocity increases (Fig. 3) and the critical diameter decreases (Table 1)

FIG. 1 shows a mixing and charging machine, general view.

FIG. 2 - the same, front view.

FIG. 3 - the same, diagram of the weighing system.

Positions denote: platform 1 of the motor transport base; mixing drum 2; support frame 3; intermediate hopper 4; unloading funnel 5; metering auger 6; containers 7 for the liquid component; engine 8; driver's cab 9; hydraulic manipulator 10; chopper 11; damper 12; bucket 13; knife 14; hook 15; funnel 16; flap 17; hydraulic cylinder 18; pressure sensor 19; lever 20; upper position 21 of manipulator 4.

A self-loading mixing and charging machine for charging wells in the process of manufacturing explosives, includes several assembly pieces of equipment mounted on a vehicle base 1.

To achieve the claimed technical result, the device - a mixing and charging machine has a set of functional systems: including a system for mixing explosive components and supplying explosives into the well, a crushing system for an AU, a weighing system, a system for self-loading and unloading of flexible disposable containers, a control system, a hydraulic system.

In this case, the system for mixing the components and supplying explosives consists of a gravity drum 2, which is a batch mixer, mounted on a transport base 1 through a support frame 3 located in the central part of the transport base 1, a loading funnel 5, which is fixed on a support frame 3 above the mixing outlet. drum 2, an intermediate hopper 4, located under the discharge opening of the mixing drum 2, and mounted on a support frame 3, a metering auger 6, cantilevered to the bottom of the intermediate hopper 4, containers 7 for a liquid component mounted on the sides of the transport base.

The system for self-loading and unloading of flexible containers of single use is a hydraulic manipulator 10 with a hydraulic drive mechanism installed in the center of the front part of the transport base by means of hinges (not shown), consisting of a bucket 13, with a chopper 11 mounted in the lower part of a bucket 13, chopper flaps 12 11, a system for unloading a flexible single-use container, including knives 14, a hook 15, mounted on a bucket 13.

The crushing system of ammonium nitrate consists of a grinder 11, which is installed on the bottom hole of the bucket 13, and a shutter 12, which regulates the clearance of the grinder outlet.

In the cab 9 of the driver-operator of the machine, located in the front left part of the transport base 1, there is a control system for the operation of the mixing-charging machine (not shown).

The hydraulic system (not shown) for feeding the executive mechanisms of the mixing and charging machine: hydraulic drives of the manipulator, gravity mixer, ammonium nitrate grinder, screw conveyor, weighing system hydraulic cylinders, consists of a hydraulic pump connected to the engine power take-off box 8, located in the rear of the transport base 1, hydraulic valves, hydraulic hose valves.

The weighing system for supplying explosives to the well consists of a controller, a position sensor and a switching unit, a funnel 16; flaps 17; hydraulic cylinder 18; pressure sensor 19; lever 20. A weighing system for loading components supplied for mixing of a similar design is built into the hydraulic manipulator 10

The main distinguishing features of this SPM from well-known technical solutions are the use of: a mixing gravity drum, a system for unloading and loading an SPM, a grinder and the possibility of SPM working with crushed ammonium nitrate, a weighing system.

A mixing-charging machine for charging wells in the process of manufacturing explosives is an assembly structure consisting of a vehicle installed on a common platform 1 and interconnected by any known method (for example, welded and bolted joints), depending on the functional purpose and technological sequence of operations , several assembly units, functionally interconnected, so much that they form an independent device. Moreover, each assembly unit has its own purpose, and together they fulfill a general purpose and provide the technical result for which the present invention was created.

The design unity of the device lies in the fact that different assembly units of the mixing-charging machine have an interdependent design for functioning in a single device. This understanding is the structural and functional unity of the features of the invention, the generic concept of which reflects the name of the device.

The mixing and charging machine is designed to work at the blasting site. To provide raw materials to the unit, it is necessary to bring ammonium nitrate in soft disposable containers (hereinafter MKR) or bags by universal vehicles. The mixing and charging machine can take MKR both from the side of the truck and from the ground. For this, the manipulator 10 is moved to the lower position, the MKR is hooked on the hook 15, then the bucket is rotated about the hinge axis. MKR is cut with knives 14. Then the manipulator 10 is moved to the upper position 21, the chopper 11 is turned on. The quality of chopping is controlled by the shutter 12. The chopped saltpeter is fed through the unloading funnel 5 to the mixing drum 2, and liquid combustible components are supplied there by a metering pump (not shown) from the tank 7, solid combustible additives are fed through the bucket 13 of the manipulator 10. The finished explosive explosive is poured into the intermediate hopper 4, by reversing the rotation of the drum 2. From the hopper 4, the explosive by the metering auger 6 is fed into the well through the weighing system. For this, the SPM must be located directly at the well. In the absence of the need for grinding nitrate, the possibility of loading ammonium nitrate without grinding is retained. It is also possible to dispense the charge into the well by volume using the metering screw 6.

The principle of operation of the weighing system is based on the assessment of the pressure difference carried out by the pressure sensor 19 in the hydraulic cylinder 18 of the lever system, which is in equilibrium at a certain angle, which is fixed using a position sensor (not shown). The funnel 16, suspended on the lever 20, is filled with the finished explosive by means of the auger 6 directly above the well. When the required mass of charge is reached, the auger turns off. Unloading explosives into the well is carried out by opening the damper 17.

The presence of a weighing system makes it possible to mechanize blasting operations in small wells with a charge of 10 to 100 kg.

The weighing system of the explosive components loaded into the mixing drum functions in the same way. The pressure difference is evaluated in the main hydraulic cylinders of the manipulator.

Grinding of ammonium nitrate immediately before mixing makes it possible to increase the explosive characteristics of explosives, and to increase the economic efficiency of blasting operations. It is known that with a decrease in the particle diameter of ammonium nitrate, the detonation velocity increases (Fig. 3) and the critical diameter decreases (Table 1)

Dependence of the critical diameter of a charge in a paper casing made of an AC-DT mixture (ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel), on the size of AC granules

The problem of caking of ammonium nitrate explosives is also solved, because grinding and mixing occurs directly on the block before charging the well, crushed ammonium nitrate and explosives made on its basis do not have time to cackle.

Currently, mining enterprises use mixing and charging machines that deliver non-explosive components of explosives from the places of loading and storage to the place of use of explosives. Considering the high cost of specialized equipment, which is the SPM, this approach is less cost effective. This fact is confirmed by the refusal to use modern SPM by small and medium mining enterprises.

The proposed design of the SPM makes it possible to remove from the specialized transport the functions of delivering explosive components from the warehouse to the unit, which makes it possible to increase the economic efficiency of using specialized equipment. Specialized equipment will be used only for the preparation of explosives and loading. When using this SPM, the delivery of components is carried out by a universal truck.

Claims (1)

A mixing and charging machine for charging wells in the process of making explosives, consisting of a transport base with a driver's cab and a platform, with a set of equipment located on it, including a system for mixing components and feeding explosives into the well, a transport auger for supplying explosives to the tray when charging a well, a system for loading explosive components in a container, a system for unloading containers in the form of a soft single-use container, a weighing system with a sensor, an unloading funnel, characterized in that a gravity mixing drum is used as a mixing system, fixed by means of a support frame on a transport base , the intermediate hopper is located under the unloading opening of the gravitational mixing drum, the transport dosing auger is fixed cantilever to the lower part of the intermediate hopper, the weighing system consists of a controller, a position sensor and a switching unit eye, funnel, damper, hydraulic cylinder, pressure sensor, lever, the unloading funnel is fixed on the support frame above the unloading hole of the gravity mixing drum, containers for the liquid component are located on the sides of the transport base; a hydraulic manipulator is mounted by means of hinges in the center of the front part of the transport base and contains a chopper, a flap, a system for unloading a soft container for single use, including a bucket with knives, a hook, while the hydraulic system consists of a pump connected through a power take-off to the vehicle engine, hydraulic valves , hydraulic hoses, through which all equipment drives, such as hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders, are powered.

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