RU2668630C2 - Mixing-charging machine for underground mining works - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drilling of soil or rock.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to the mixing-charging machines construction, used for the emulsion explosive mechanized preparation and the holes and wells loading in the conduct of underground mining operations. Equipment complex is mounted on the supporting frame with possibility of mounting on the self-propelled chassis. Emulsion matrix hopper is made in the form of parallelepiped with base in the form of the inverted regular pyramid with corners in the apex between the side faces of more than 90 degrees. In the upper part the hopper is equipped with the low-melting safety disc and ventilation valve. AS the pumps using the pneumatic piston pumps connected to the external power source via the pneumatic station. Pumps are hydraulically connected to the emulsion, gas-generating additive, and water containers, and to the charging hose. To calibrate the gas generating additive flow rate the three-way valve is used, to control the emulsion explosive preparation process and the hose feeder a controller is used. As the emulsion matrix and gas generating agent mixer, an injector is used, in which coaxially to the emulsion matrix flow the gas generating agent is introduced into the emulsion flow. Static mixer is installed in the adapter at the charging hose end. Before the injector, into the emulsion matrix hydraulic circuit a thickener is installed, made in the form of hollow cylinder with local resistances, wherein the distance between local resistances L is taken more than D, m, and the thickener local resistance passageway diameter d is determined by the formula d = D / 20, m, where D is the borehole diameter.EFFECT: invention allows to increase the ascending wells charging efficiency.4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to the design of mixing and charging machines used for the mechanized preparation of emulsion explosives and loading holes and boreholes during underground mining.

A well-known universal machine for charging boreholes (patent UA 14492 U, 2006), which includes a charging complex mounted on a transport base, which includes bunkers for solid and liquid components with loading and unloading windows, a screw system for feeding and mixing components BB, which contains interconnected horizontal auger for supplying solid components and a rotary transport and delivery auger with a tubular groove and technological branch pipes for feeding a mixture of BB components into the receiving hopper, p zgruzochnoe box which is connected to the screw mixer-supercharger, whose output is connected to the charging hose a hose drum, a roller and a rotatable boom component, metering pumps, washing system, electrical and software control. The horizontal auger is located above the rotary transport-delivery auger, which is mounted relative to it at an angle. The screws are interconnected with the possibility of rotation and fixing their position one relative to the other.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity and low efficiency when charging ascending wells, due to design features.

Known universal mixing and charging machine (patent RU No. 142788, publ. 07/10/2014), which includes a set of equipment mounted on a motor vehicle base and containing two containers, one of which is universal at the bottom with a device for the release of the emulsion matrix and a locking device for the release of ammonium nitrate, and at the top with loading hatches, characterized in that the second tank is also universal with a device for the release of the emulsion matrix and a locking device for the release of ammonia ce liters at the bottom and with at least one loading door at the top, and each of the loading hatches of both tanks is covered by a filter bag consisting of a filter screen and an emulsion located under the grid of a wave damper, made in the form of a ribbed grid with parallel plates. Locking devices for the release of the emulsion matrix of both containers are made in the form of removable hatches. Both tanks are made in the form of compartments of a single hopper, separated by a hermetic partition. In its lower part, each tank has a safety exit hatch.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity and low efficiency when charging ascending wells, due to design features.

Known charging machine (patent RU No. 2304756, publ. 08/20/2007). The machine is characterized in that the hopper of the charging machine is made in the form of a removable container mounted inside the car body and fastened to its floor by four screw connectors, divided by longitudinal and transverse inclined partitions at an angle of 45 ° into 4 or 6 sections for loading BB and auxiliary isolated from BB a compartment for installing a tank with process fluid, discharge hatches with slide gates, operating from the vehicle’s pneumatic system, are made on the side walls of the sections at the interfaces between the partitions to which mounted mounted volumetric dispensers with slide gate valves, the container in the upper part is equipped with loading hatches with lockable covers and fittings for attaching slings of load-lifting mechanisms. When using a charging machine for the manufacture of igdanite-type explosives, the machine is additionally equipped with a liquid component supply system consisting of a tank, two dispensers, a liquid component atomizer, connected by a piping system that supplies the liquid component to the mounted dispenser of the container section.

The disadvantage of this device is the large dimensions that do not allow its use in a limited space of underground mine workings.

Known block capacities of a mixing-charging machine (RF patent for utility model No. 49975, publ. 10.12.2005). A container block of a mixing-charging machine, including containers for a gas-generating additive, for process water, for petroleum products, a hopper for ammonium nitrate, an emulsion container containing a housing, in the upper part of which there is a loading hatch with a shutter cover and a safety valve, and inside the container the lower part is equipped with an unloading screw, according to the invention, the locking cover of the loading hatch of the emulsion tank is made in the form of a ring mounted with the possibility of pressing along the peripheral erhnosti hatch, and a membrane clamped on the annulus with overlapping of its central axial hole, wherein the membrane is adapted to its destruction under the influence of the maximum permissible excess pressure inside the vapor emulsion emulsion tank.

The disadvantage of this device is the large overall dimensions and the inability to obtain a charge of emulsion explosives with the properties necessary for retention in the well.

A device for preparing and loading wells with a mixed emulsion explosive is known (RF patent No. 2312301, publ. 10.12.2007, bull. No. 34). A device for preparing and loading wells with a mixed emulsion explosive includes a hopper with a screw feeder for ammonium nitrate, an emulsion tank, containers for a gas-generating additive, water and oil product, as well as metering pumps for supplying an emulsion, gas-generating additive, water and oil product. The device is equipped with a spatula mixer, the shaft of which at its input section is coaxially rigidly connected to the output section of the shaft of the ammonium nitrate screw feeder. The outlet portion of the blade mixer is in communication with the inlet portion of the component mixer, and an oil supply nozzle is located at the inlet portion of the blade mixer. In addition, the device has a second channel for supplying the mixture of the emulsion with the gas-generating additive, the output of which is located at the outlet of the device, the inputs of both channels being connected to the output of the emulsion mixer with the gas-generating additive through the distribution device.

A disadvantage of the known device is the large overall dimensions, due to the design features of the device, as well as the impossibility of charging the ascending holes and wells.

Known universal mixing and charging machine, adopted for the prototype (RF patent No. 121174, publ. 20.10.2012), which includes a set of equipment mounted on a motor vehicle base and containing two bunkers, one of which is designed for ammonium nitrate and is made with top loading hatches, and the second universal - for the emulsion matrix and ammonium nitrate, is made at the bottom with a rotary shutter to release the emulsion matrix and a locking device for the release of ammonium nitrate, and at the top with loading hatches, three of the ice-connected auger - a horizontal bottom auger, an inclined auger and a mixing and charging auger, a horizontal bottom auger is connected to the output of the ammonium nitrate hopper and a universal hopper locking device, a mixing and charging screw is connected to a receiving hopper by an output and connected to a rotary shutter of the universal hopper and a tank with a gas-generating additive, the inclined screw is connected with a tank with diesel fuel, while the rotary shutter of the universal hopper is connected, the tank with a gas-generating add Tanks and diesel fuel tanks with augers are carried out through the corresponding pumps, and the output of the receiving hopper is connected through the outlet pump to the charging hose of the hose reel. The input of the mixing-charging auger with the rotary shutter of the universal hopper and the container with a gas-generating additive is connected through a static mixer.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency when charging upstream wells, due to design features, as well as increased labor intensity.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of loading of ascending wells with a decrease in the complexity of the work.

The technical result is achieved in that in a mixing and charging machine for underground mining, which includes a set of equipment mounted on a trucking base, containing a hopper for the emulsion matrix, made below with a rotary shutter to release the emulsion matrix, and at the top with a loading hatch, capacity with a gas-generating additive, while the rotary shutter and the container are connected to the gas-generating additive through the appropriate pumps, a static mixer is included in the hydraulic circuit, according to the invention, the equipment complex is mounted on a supporting frame with the possibility of mounting on a self-propelled chassis, the emulsion matrix hopper is made in the form of a parallelepiped with a base in the form of an inverted regular pyramid with angles at the apex between the side faces of more than 90 degrees, the hopper is equipped with an fusible safety disk and a ventilation by a valve, pneumatic piston pumps are used as pumps, connected through an air station to an external energy source, pumps are connected by hydraulically with containers for emulsion, gas-generating additive, water and with a charging hose, a three-way valve is used to calibrate the flow of gas-generating additives, to control the process of preparing emulsion explosives and a hose feeder, a controller is used, and an injector is used as a mixer of the emulsion matrix and gas-generating additives, in which a gas-generating additive is introduced into the emulsion flow coaxially with the emulsion matrix flow, a static mixer is installed in the adapter at the end of the charger lang, in front of the injector, a thickener installed in the form of a hollow cylinder with local resistances is installed in the hydraulic circuit of the emulsion matrix, and the distance between the local resistances L is more than 10D, m, and the diameter d of the passage channel of the local thickener resistance is determined by the formula d = D / 20 , m, where D is the diameter of the well.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the local resistance in the thickener of a cylindrical shape is made conical in shape.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that local resistance in the thickener of a cylindrical shape is made in the form of Laval nozzles.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the local resistance in the thickener is cylindrical in shape made of cylindrical shape.

The mixing and charging machine for underground mining is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a device, a top view, in FIG. 2 shows a device, side view, in FIG. 3 shows a device, rear view, in FIG. 4 shows an isometric diagram of the device, FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a device; FIG. 6 shows a static mixer adapter; FIG. 7 shows an emulsion matrix thickener; FIG. 8 shows a static mixer for the final mixing of an emulsion matrix and a gas generating additive, where:

1 - supporting frame made with the possibility of installation on a self-propelled chassis;

2 - a container for water;

3 - capacity for gas generating additives;

4 - the hopper for the emulsion matrix, made in the form of a parallelepiped with a base in the form of an inverted regular pyramid with angles at the apex between the side faces of more than 90 degrees, the hopper is equipped at the top with a low-melting safety disk 15 and a ventilation valve 17;

5 - piston pump for pumping gas-generating additives, can be equipped with a pressure gauge and check valves;

6 - ball valve capacity 3 for gas-generating additives;

7 - piston pump for pumping emulsion matrix and water, can be equipped with a pressure gauge and check valves;

8 - rotary shutter to release the emulsion matrix from the hopper 4;

9 - ball valve capacity 2 for water;

10 - pneumatic station;

11 - a block of pneumatic filter, regulator and lubricator, for example Festo;

12 - guides for installing the supporting frame 1 on a self-propelled chassis;

13 - control cabinet;

14 - loading hatch;

15 - fusible safety disk, which allows to prevent accidents associated with the increased temperature of the emulsion matrix, when the threshold value is exceeded, the disk melts and pressure is released. The disk material is taken in accordance with a threshold temperature of the emulsion matrix;

16 - control controller;

17 - ventilation valve;

18 - feeder charging hose;

19 - ball valve for supplying water from an external source;

20 - a thickener made in the form of a hollow cylinder with local resistances;

21 - adapter for a static mixer;

22 - static mixer;

23 - a charging hose;

24 - an external source of pneumatic energy, for example a mine pneumatic network;

25 is an injector for mixing a gas generating additive and an emulsion matrix;

26 - three-way valve for calibrating the flow rate of gas-generating additives;

27 - local resistance of the thickener 20;

L is the distance between the local resistances 27 of the thickener 20 take more than D, m, where D is the diameter of the well;

d is the diameter of the passage channel of the local resistance 27 of the thickener 20, is determined by the formula d = D / 20, m, where D is the diameter of the well.

Emulsion explosives have long been widely used around the world. The use of emulsion explosives can radically improve the safety of transportation and loading of explosives, since non-explosive components are transported and charged and the final "explosive product" is formed only in charged wells. Currently, the technology of using emulsion explosives in the underground space is developing rapidly. The main disadvantage of the solutions already available on the market is the large dimensions of devices for transporting explosives and their components, which is unacceptable in a confined space, such as underground. Also, in a number of technologies during underground mining, charging of ascending (vertical) holes or wells is provided, which makes special demands on the viscosity of the resulting emulsion explosive.

The mixing and charging machine for underground mining is designed for temporary storage and preparation of emulsion explosives with the possibility of loading ascending holes and wells.

The underground mixing and charging machine contains the following basic elements. The supporting frame 1, for example, a reinforced welded collapsible design, is designed for mounting on it technological equipment, water tanks 2 and for gas-generating additives 3, hopper 4 for the emulsion matrix. Using the supporting frame 1, the device is moved using a self-propelled chassis (for example, Normet, Paus, etc., not conventionally shown in the drawing). To this end, guides 12 are provided in the lower part of the carrier frame 1, with the help of which the carrier frame 1 is rigidly fixed on a self-propelled chassis. A hopper 4 for the emulsion matrix, a container 2 for water, a container 3 for a gas-generating additive are fixed inside the supporting part of the frame. Tanks 2 and 3, as well as the hopper 4 are hydraulically connected through valves 9, 6, 8 to the piston pumps 5 and 7. The pumps are fixed under the hopper 4 next to the tanks 2 and 3: a piston pump 5 for pumping a gas-generating additive and a piston pump 7 for pumping emulsion matrix from the tank capacity of the hopper 4. Due to the fact that the hopper 4 of the emulsion matrix is made in the form of a parallelepiped with a base in the form of an inverted regular pyramid with angles at the apex between the side faces of more than 90 degrees, it is possible to completely unload the internal tank without washing. Each pump 5 and 7 can be equipped with a pressure gauge and check valves. Also, a filter system may be provided in the hydraulic circuit of the device. As the materials of containers 2 and 3, as well as the hopper 4, it is preferable to use special plastic or composite materials. The gas-generating additive supply system consists of a storage tank 3 mounted on a carrier frame 1 of the device. The tank 3 is designed to store the gas-generating additive until it is pumped into the emulsion matrix through the injector 25, acting as an agent for sensitizing and lubricating the charging hose 23. The gas-generating additive is poured into the tank 3 through the lid located in the upper part of the tank 3. The exhaust line on the tank 3 drives the gas-generating additive through the exhaust valve 6 of the tank 3. The exhaust line of the gas-generating additive may include a check valve, a flow indicator and a filter in the line, and then an injector 25. The piston pump 5 for the gas-generating additive has a slave drive, which is put into operation by the piston pump 7. The filter of the solution of the gas-generating additive can be installed on the line between the flow indicator and the piston pump 5 for the gas-generating additive. It could be, for example, a Swagelok filter. From the piston pump 5, the gas-generating additive flows through a hydraulic line into a three-way valve 26, rigidly fixed to the supporting frame 1. This three-way valve 26 allows the gas-generating additive to either pass directly to the injector 25 during the production of emulsion explosive, or to the sampling point of the gas-generating additive during flow calibration. During the working process, the crane handle can, for example, be directed up (production), and down during calibration. The non-return valve can be installed on the supply line of the gas-generating additive to prevent air from entering the system. To calibrate the flow rate of the gas-generating additive, first you need to open the ball valve 6 on the container 3 for the gas-generating additive and turn the three-way valve 30 through 180 ° to the calibration position (handle down), the circle for measuring the density of the solution should be under the sampling point for sample collection gas generating additives for the purpose of weighing it. This process is performed during pumping water from the tank 2 through the piston pump 7 at startup. After the pump 7 performs 10 cycles necessary for calibration, it can be turned off, return the three-way valve 26 back to its initial position (handle up) and weigh the sample. The calibration point of the gas generating additive may include a pressure relief valve located behind the panel. It reproduces the pressure applied to the hose to ensure that the calibration volume is an accurate representation of what is supplied to the hose during the operation of the piston pump 5. The water tank 2 serves to store and dispense water for the initial filling of the device’s hydraulic system, as well as flushing the system after completion of work related to charging emulsion explosive.

The size of the capacity of the hopper 4 for the emulsion matrix in accordance with the replaceable need for emulsion explosives, for example, the capacity may be 1.3, 2 and 4 m ³ . The hopper 4 is equipped with a rotary shutter 8 at the bottom to release the emulsion matrix. The ventilation valve 17 and the low-melting safety disk 17 are located on the top of the hopper 4 to relieve possible excessive pressure of the tank during operation and to prevent emergency situations.

A pneumatic station 10, for example, Drago President, serves to accumulate and convert energy from an external source of pneumatic energy 24, for example a mine pneumatic network. Also, the machine can be powered with energy using the energy of the selected power of the motor of the self-propelled chassis, or alternatively with the help of an electric motor. To ensure the operation of the station, a block 11 of a pneumatic filter, a regulator and a lubricator, for example Festo, is used. To place the wiring, use the control cabinet 13. For carrying out loading and unloading and repair operations, the lifting eyes 14 are rigidly fixed to the frame 1. On the side of the device in the box 16 there is a controller mounted on brackets, which is necessary to establish the preparation of emulsion explosive substances. Power for the controller 16 is provided by batteries. The controller 16 is connected using a connector to the pumps 5 and 7. If there is an external source of water for flushing it is connected to the device through a ball valve 19. The charging hose 23 is connected to the hydraulic system of the device through an adapter for connecting the charging hose. At the end of the charging hose 23, with the adapter 21 for the static mixer, a static mixer 22 is fixed. The size of the outlet nozzle of the static mixer 22 is taken in accordance with the required mixing characteristics of the emulsion matrix and the gas-generating additive. In the injector 25, a gas generating additive is introduced into the emulsion stream coaxially with the emulsion matrix stream. In front of the injector 25, a thickener 20 made in the form of a hollow cylinder with local resistances 27 is installed in the hydraulic circuit of the emulsion matrix. The distance between the local resistances 27 in the thickener 20 L is more than D, m, and the diameter d of the passage channel of the local resistance of the thickener 20 is determined by the formula d = D / 20, m, where D is the diameter of the well. For example, with a well diameter of 0.1 m, we have L = 0.1 m, d = 0.005 m. These dependences were obtained experimentally for a thickener 20 made of steel. The main parameter characterizing these dependencies is the diameter D of the charged blast hole, m, mk, the required viscosity of the emulsion explosive is directly dependent on the diameter D. The number and geometry of local resistances 27 are determined empirically. Local resistance in the thickener 20 of a cylindrical shape can be made conical in shape (Fig. 7), in the form of Laval nozzles or a cylindrical shape (not shown conditionally). Deviations from the above dependencies do not allow to obtain the above-described effect of increasing the final viscosity of emulsion explosives.

Mixing and charging machine for underground mining works as follows. Before starting the device, it is necessary to check the following indicators and systems:

- the level of the emulsion matrix in the hopper 4;

- water level in tank 2;

- the level of gas-generating additives in the tank 3;

- all containers must be covered with lids;

- there should be no leaks on pumps 5 and 7;

- there should be no visible leaks in all areas of the hydraulic system of the device;

- taps must be shut off;

- All emergency shutdown systems must be in good condition.

To activate the hydraulic system, you must first make sure that the rotary shutter 8 from the hopper 4 for the emulsion matrix is closed. Open the valve 9 on the tank 2 for water at the point of hydraulic connection with the supply line of the emulsion matrix. Thus, the hose and pipelines going from the water tank 2 to the container 4 and the piston pump 7 are completely flushed. Pump water through the system at start-up, then opens the butterfly valve 8 on the hopper 4 to drive the emulsion matrix through the piston pump 7. At the end of the process pumping, close the valve 9 of the water tank 9 and the water valve - the device will now produce an emulsion explosive. Also, the above procedure is performed in the opposite direction to flush the device upon completion of the production of emulsion explosive.

The device uses the high pressure air provided in the underground conditions by the customer’s service for the operation of the pneumatic station 10, which in turn drives the piston pumps 5 and 7. It is very important that the air hoses and fittings of the device are in good working condition. Whenever a pneumatic hose from an external source of pneumatic energy 24 is connected to the device, both ends of the hose must be secured with safety clips (not shown conditionally). Before connecting the air supply from source 24 to the device, make sure that all hoses are clean, free of dirt and water. In some cases, blow out hoses with air before connecting to the device. Once the hoses are connected, make sure that the safety clips are installed and then slowly turn on the air supply from the pneumatic energy source 24, listening for air leaks. The air supply regulator from block 11 can be pre-set to a maximum value of 4.2 bar.

When disconnecting the air supply from source 28 from the device, turn off the main supply valve, turn on the air drain valve 11 to relieve system pressure and the cyclic air drain valve several times so that all the air leaves the supply side. Continue to do this until you no longer hear the sound of air coming out of the drain valve 11. After that, remove the safety clips and hoses from the device. Fold the hoses and hang them either on the machine or on the wall.

The emulsion matrix located in the hopper 4 is supplied to the piston pump 7 through a flexible transfer hose. Pump 7 is a reciprocating piston pump that produces a pulsed flow. Pump 7 is driven by a pneumatic station 10. Compressed air is supplied by customer services from source 24. Pump 7 delivers an emulsion based on ammonium nitrate through a hydraulic system to injector 25. A gas generating additive is injected into injector 25 through a three-way valve 26 from piston pump 5. In the injector 25, a gas generating additive is introduced into the emulsion stream coaxially with the emulsion matrix stream, whereby the gas generating additive forms a film along the entire inner surface of the supply line and charging hose 2 3, i.e. acts as a lubricant to facilitate pumping of the product as an emulsion explosive. In the absence of a gas generating additive in the charging hose 23, the pumping will slow down and eventually stop. The supply of the charging hose 23 to the bottom is carried out using a feeder 18 of the charging hose mounted inside the carrier frame 1. On the supply side of the pumps 5 and 7, a filter and a pressure gauge can be integrated. The filter prevents contaminants such as stones and crystals from entering the unit. Static mixer 22 further mixes the gas generating additive and emulsion to further ensure that they are mixed properly and thereby sensitize the product. The speed of the pumps 5 and 7 is regulated, installed and checked using the controller 16 connected to the pumps. The performance of pumps 5 and 7 are displayed on the display panel of the controller 16. The pumps 5 and 7 are turned on and off through the control valve at the pneumatic station 10. After the charging procedure is completed, the device is washed in the sequence indicated above during preliminary washing.

The use of a mixing and charging machine for underground mining provides the following advantages:

- the possibility of loading emulsion explosive ascending wells;

- reducing the complexity of manufacturing loading;

- minimization of the overall dimensions of the device due to the compact design layout.

Claims (4)

1. Mixing and charging machine for underground mining, which includes a set of equipment mounted on a motor vehicle base, containing a hopper for the emulsion matrix, made at the bottom with a rotary shutter to release the emulsion matrix, and at the top with a loading hatch, a tank with a gas-generating additive, the connection of the butterfly valve and the container with the gas-generating additive is carried out through the appropriate pumps, a static mixer is included in the hydraulic circuit, characterized in that the complex is equipped They are mounted on a supporting frame with the possibility of mounting on a self-propelled chassis, the emulsion matrix hopper is made in the form of a parallelepiped with a base in the form of an inverted regular pyramid with angles at the apex between the side faces of more than 90 degrees, the hopper is equipped with a low-melting safety disk and a ventilation valve in the upper part, in as pumps use pneumatic piston pumps connected through an air station to an external energy source, the pumps are hydraulically connected to containers for emulsion, gas a generating additive, water and with a charging hose, a three-way valve is used to calibrate the flow rate of the gas-generating additive, a controller is used to control the emulsion explosive preparation and the hose feeder, an injector is used as a mixer of the emulsion matrix and gas-generating additive, in which the gas-generating additive is introduced into the emulsion flow coaxial to the flow of the emulsion matrix, a static mixer is installed in the adapter at the end of the charging hose, in front of the injector in the hydraulic a thickener made in the form of a hollow cylinder with local resistances is installed in the emulsion matrix’s circuit, the distance between the local resistances L being more than D, m, and the diameter d of the passage channel of the local thickener resistance is determined by the formula d = D / 20, m, where D is the diameter wells. 2. The mixing and charging machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the local resistances in the thickener of a cylindrical shape are conical in shape. 3. The mixing and charging machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the local resistance in the thickener of a cylindrical shape is made in the form of Laval nozzles. 4. The mixing and charging machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the local resistances in the thickener are cylindrical in shape.

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