RU223791U1 - Movable device for preparing granulite - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of blasting operations. A movable device for preparing granulite contains a frame mounted on freely rotating wheels, on which there is a hopper with a lower part tapering towards the bottom, to which a screw conveyor is attached below in the opening area, the shaft of which is connected to an electric motor with a gearbox attached to the free end of the pipe of this conveyor . The screw conveyor pipe is directed obliquely upward relative to the bottom of the hopper and, on the side where the electric motor is located, is equipped with an outlet pipe directed downward and located at a distance from the electric motor with gearbox. The hopper is equipped with a removable partition that divides the volume of the hopper into two sections for dissimilar granular granulite components and closes with a lid on top. In the area of the hopper wall facing the electric motor, there is a container for the liquid component of granulite, connected through a hydraulic pump and a dosing unit to the cavity of the screw conveyor pipe. The frame can be equipped with a tow hitch or an arc-shaped rotary handle. The frame can be mounted on four wheels, two of which are pivotally connected to the frame and connected to a tow hitch or an arc-shaped handle. The technical result is the creation of a device of increased mobility, which makes it possible to produce limited batches of mixed explosives directly in the area of wells and has the ability to move in cramped conditions from well to well, regardless of the state of the supporting surface. 4 salary f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of blasting and can be used in the mining industry for the manufacture/preparation of ammonium nitrate explosives (BB) of the granulite category at the sites of their consumption and directly at the sites of blasting.

Granular industrial explosives or granulites are explosive bulk mixtures of granulated ammonium nitrate with liquid or hot-melt petroleum products and solid dispersed flammable substances. Granulites are insensitive to mechanical stress and not sensitive enough to primary means of initiation; they require an intermediate detonator. In open-pit mining, granulites charge dry and drained boreholes, boreholes, pits, and chambers. It is possible to produce granulites at mining enterprises in specially built stationary technological installations or using an appropriate mixing and charging machine at the blasting site.

Currently, such explosive grades as Granulit M and Granulit A-6 are widely used.

Granulite M is intended for blasting operations during manual and mechanized loading of boreholes, boreholes and chambers in dry faces of quarries, mines and mines in the temperature range of use from -50 to +50°C. It has the following composition: porous ammonium nitrate - 94.5±1.0% and instrument or solar oil (industrial oil I-40A and 45 is allowed) - 5.5±0.5%. To increase the detonation speed from 2.5-3 km/s (for Gramonite M and Gramonite M-6M) to (2.6-3.2)-(3.0-3.6) km/s (for Gramonite AS -4 or AC-8, respectively) with a smaller volume of gases, aluminum powder (in the form of powder) is added to the simplest explosive recipe, which increases the performance of the explosive from 320 cm ³ to 390-430 cm ³ . Thus, Granulite AS-4 consists of 91.8+1.5% ammonium nitrate, 4+0.5% aluminum powder and 4.2+0.5% mineral oil. This is an explosive of medium power, suitable for flooded wells. Working capacity 390...410 cm ³ , brisance 22...26 mm. And Granulite AS-8 consists of 89+1.5% granulated ammonium nitrate, 8+0.8% aluminum powder and 3+0.5% mineral oil. This is a powerful explosive, suitable for dry and dehydrated boreholes and wells. Serviceability 410…430 cm ³ , brisance 22…28 mm.

All these compositions of granular explosives are toxic to the human body (due to the components of the formulation), according to GOST 19433-88, they belong to class 1, subclass 1.5, compatibility group D, they require strict compliance with safety and fire safety requirements provided for by the “Unified Safety Rules for Blasting Operations” ", approved by Rostechnador. If the production of granulite is carried out at a specialized industrial enterprise, then appropriate safety measures are provided to isolate the impact of explosive components on humans, and when producing granulite in the field using a mixing-charging machine, it is necessary to comply with all safety conditions and eliminate the influence of toxic components on operators. Taking this into account, mobile complexes are used in mining operations, allowing the production of mixed granulites directly at the blasting site.

In open-pit mining, transport-charging and mixing-charging machines based on heavy-duty trucks are mainly used. They consist of a hopper for ammonium nitrate, an oil pump, a screw conveyor or factory-made explosive packages installed on the vehicle chassis (SU No. 471448 and 164005, RU No. 2373172 and 9800). They allow you to make explosives, charge wells and move from well to well. But the use of such a machine is justified for a large number of wells and provided that this machine can drive up to the well.

A mobile complex for loading wells in the process of producing explosives is known, including a transport base, an ammonium nitrate supply bunker, a fuel tank, an in-line gravity mixer of explosives, a lifting device, an assembly structure consisting of an interconnected ammonium nitrate bunker and an in-line gravity mixer of explosives. substances installed on a common frame; control panel for the technological process of manufacturing explosives and loading wells, located on the side wall of the ammonium nitrate supply bin; hydraulic system for supplying diesel fuel to an in-line gravitational mixer of explosives with a pumping station drive from a wheeled tractor; a self-propelled wheeled tractor with a fuel tank installed on it, a lifting device in the form of a front-end loader equipped with transport forks (RU 165806, F42D 1) was chosen as the transport base /08, published November 10, 2016).

The disadvantage of this solution is that it is well suited for charging a large number of wells. The manufactured explosive is received in transport packaging (big bags weighing up to 1500 kg, bags weighing 40-45 kg). The explosive is received and packed into transport containers for further use. From explosives manufacturing plants to blasting operations, industrial explosives are transported by road only in packaged form. Transportation of packaged explosives is carried out by vehicles equipped with multi-section containers for placing packages of explosives and a loading and unloading mechanism.

Another disadvantage is that such a mobile complex based on a wheeled tractor with a load-lifting device installed on it in the form of a front loader moves only on those soils that can be considered as a road in relation to the tractor. That is, we are talking only about those wells that are located flat, that is, you can drive up to them. If the wells are made on a slope or at different levels, then a wheeled tractor cannot approach them. Operating a tractor on slopes is dangerous. It is known that the maximum tilt angles α at which the machine stands without tipping over or sliding, depending on the wheel track width, are equal: for tractors with four wheels α = 40-50°, for tractors of the three-wheel type α = 30-35°, for trucks α=35°, for cars α>45°. It should be taken into account that these calculations are based on the condition of the normal location of the centers of gravity in these machines. If the tractor is equipped with a lifting device in the form of a front loader or a bunker, then its center of gravity becomes higher than the normalized level, and this leads to a decrease in the maximum tilt angle.

In this case, it is necessary to use so-called modular installations (block modules) for the production of mixed explosives, which can be placed permanently, for example, in a factory or at blasting sites, and can also be mobile on a car chassis with the possibility of unloading on blasting site.

As an example of such a module, we can consider an installation for the production of explosives, which includes a batch drum mixer, bins used for loading oxidizer, solid dispersed additives and liquid additives, from which the components enter the mixer and a receiving and unloading device, which is made as a separate hopper with a valve at the bottom in the form of a rotary valve. The mixer drum is placed at a constant inclination to the horizontal during the operating cycle with the possibility of rotation around its axis, is made with at least one helical blade on the inner surface and is equipped with a cylindrical liner installed in it coaxially with an annular gap relative to the neck of the drum with perforated walls and ribs on the outer surfaces. When the damper opens, the loaded components under their own fall into the cavity of the drum mixer. After loading the components into the drum mixer, mixing is carried out. Upon completion of mixing, the resulting mixture is unloaded into a separate container installed under the neck of the mixer drum by rotating the drum in the direction of unloading. A separate container filled with the finished explosive mixture is moved to the place of subsequent explosive processing (for loading into a transport-charging machine or into packaging-cartridge devices) (RU 2393138, С06В 21/00, publ. 06/27/2010).

This solution was adopted as a prototype.

The advantage of this solution is the possibility of producing a limited amount of explosives for a small number of wells at the blasting site. But there is a drawback that the basic unit of the installation is a drum mixer, installed on a prepared site on supports and with a given angle of inclination of the axis of the mixing system (at the required inclination angle, for example 30°). That is, to begin work, it is necessary to prepare such a site with a hard supporting surface and organize places for storage bins for explosive components. The issue of transporting components in bags or other container packaging to the mixer still remains open, since there is no information about this in the patent. But it is indicated that the mixed explosives are reloaded into a separate bunker, which is then transported to the place where the wells are loaded. And this requires the use of loading and unloading equipment, as well as the use of this equipment to deliver and install the drum mixer to the site. It turns out that the known installation is adapted for preparing explosives and charging wells in a certain territorially limited area, after which it is necessary to transport this mixer to another prepared site to serve another territorial area. This creates inconvenience in that the time for transportation and deployment of the installation may exceed the time used to prepare the limited volume of the explosive itself.

It should also be noted that the drum mixer is used for batch preparation of explosives, which, after mixing, must be unloaded through the bottom opening in the drum. The next loading is possible only after the drum has been emptied of the prepared mixture. That is, the finished mixture must be stored somewhere and somehow before being reloaded into containers. And in this case, explosives in this container are used to charge wells. In essence, this is a transformable workshop for the production of explosives, but transferred to field conditions.

In addition, the platform for the mixer must be organized so that loading and unloading equipment can approach it (taking into account its maneuvering and turns) and so that the supporting surface is horizontal to maintain a given angle of inclination of the mixer paddle system. The organization of such a site in conditions, for example, mining, presents difficulties in choosing a location.

This utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in creating a device of increased mobility, allowing limited batches of mixed explosives to be produced directly in the area of wells and having the ability to move in cramped conditions from well to well, regardless of the state of the supporting surface.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a movable device for preparing granulite contains a frame mounted on freely rotating wheels, on which is placed a hopper with a lower part tapering towards the bottom, from below to which in the opening area a screw conveyor is attached, the shaft of which is connected to a fixed one on the free at the end of the pipe of this conveyor is an electric motor with a gearbox, while the pipe of the screw conveyor is directed obliquely upward relative to the bottom of the hopper and on the side where the electric motor is located is equipped with an outlet pipe directed downward and located at a distance from the electric motor with a gearbox, the hopper is equipped with a removable partition dividing the volume of the hopper into two sections for dissimilar bulk components of granulite and a lid covering the top, and in the area of the hopper wall facing the electric motor, there is a container for the liquid component of granulite, connected through a hydraulic pump and a dosing unit with the cavity of the screw conveyor pipe.

In this device, the frame, mounted on wheels, is equipped with a tow hitch or an arc-shaped rotary handle. The frame is mounted on four wheels, two of which are pivotally connected to the frame and connected to a tow hitch or an arc-shaped handle.

These features are interrelated and are essential to form a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the required technical result.

This utility model is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

In fig. 1 - general view of a movable device for preparing granulite;

fig. 2 - section of the device to demonstrate the mechanism of mixing granulite components.

According to this utility model, the design of a movable device for preparing granulite at the blasting site (in the field) is considered.

Explosive mixtures based on ammonium nitrate as an oxidizer are the most common industrial explosives, since ammonium nitrate has a well-developed manufacturing base, and explosive mixtures based on it are the safest in production, storage and use. Granulites are industrial explosives, which are a mixture of granulated ammonium nitrate with liquid petroleum products (industrial oil grade I-40A according to GOST 20799-88 or grade IGP-38, or grade 45 according to regulatory and technical documentation, or instrument oil (MVP) according to GOST 1805-76 or solar oil) and, sometimes, with dispersed flammable additives (for example, aluminum powder grades PP-1L, PP-1T, PP-2L or PP-2T or aluminum powder).

Due to the fact that ammonium nitrate is not crushed in the manufacture of the simplest explosives (only partial crushing of the granules occurs during charging), the explosive characteristics of this type of explosive significantly depend on the size of the nitrate granules, their humidity, absorbency, strength, and viscosity of the fuel. The energy characteristics of the mixture are determined by its chemical composition. The heat of explosion will be highest for mixtures of stoichiometric composition corresponding to zero oxygen balance. To ensure zero or close to zero oxygen balance, additional solid combustible additives are added to the explosive composition, such as wood flour, coal, soot, calcium stearate, polyacrylamide, etc. In the case of three-component aluminum-containing explosives (Granulites), it increases with increasing ratio between aluminum and liquid fuel.

It follows that explosives can be manufactured on-site in the conditions of stationary points of enterprises conducting blasting operations, or in the process of loading at the location of wells in the case of mechanized or manual loading in quarries of dry and water-flooded wells in medium-hard rocks in all climatic regions of Russia. Such conditions for the use of explosive components for granulites make it possible to create an installation with which granulites can be produced in the field.

Within the framework of this utility model, a movable device for preparing granulite (Fig. 1 and 2), mounted on a frame 1 made of a metal profile, is considered. The frame rests on four freely rotating pneumatic wheels 2, two of which are not mounted in relation to the frame, and the other two wheels are mounted on a common axis in a subframe 3, which is pivotally connected to the frame. This subframe with wheels has the ability to rotate left and right and can be equipped with a trailer unit 4 (Fig. 2) (for a trailer to a tractor, tractor, truck, etc.) for moving in trailer mode, or a handle can be attached to it 5 in the form of an arc (arc-shaped) (Fig. 1) for movement by workers by pushing (in this case, lifting vehicles can also be used for transportation to place the unit in the body and subsequent unloading).

Pneumatic wheels 2 are made with lugs to increase traction with the ground and can be equipped with a manual mechanical brake for at least two non-rotating wheels. The wheels form a rectangle for the stable position of the installation, since its center of gravity is within the boundaries of this perimeter. Being on small slopes and uneven surfaces leads to a shift in the projection of the center of gravity onto the supporting surface, but does not violate the stability condition of the installation.

A hopper 6 is placed on the frame with a lower part 7 tapering towards the bottom, to which a screw conveyor is attached from below in the opening area. The narrowing of the walls of the bottom part of the hopper ensures guaranteed movement of bulk components towards the exit opening and the absence of sticking of these components to the walls (the hopper is made of stainless steel sheets). The hopper is equipped with a removable partition 8 (Fig. 2), dividing the volume of the hopper into two sections for dissimilar bulk granulite components. Depending on the composition of the explosive components, the partition may be removed. As a rule, granulites of simple composition are three-component, two of which are classified as bulk (the third is liquid fuel or oil). It is possible to manufacture only two-component explosives such as granu lith-igdanite, granulite M, grammonite. It is for such components that a partition is used.

The top of the hopper is closed with a lid 9. The specific design of the lid is not significant from the standpoint of the achieved result, but is a means of ensuring safety when working with ammonium nitrate. The lid can be freely put on top and have handles for this purpose, or it can be made in the form of a hinged lid with hinges or hinges.

In the lower zone of the narrowed bottom part 7 of the hopper 6 there is an opening for emptying the hopper, which can be closed with a rotary valve. Alternatively, there may not be such a damper. Pipe 10 of the screw conveyor (stainless steel) is welded to the bottom of the hopper in the area of this opening. Through an opening in the hopper, the explosive mixture or unmixed explosive components fall under their own weight into the cavity of this pipe, which houses a shaft 11 with a helical blade along most of its length, the end of which is connected through a gearbox to a drive electric motor 12. This electric motor with a gear mechanism made in the form of a monoblock, fixed to the free end of the screw conveyor pipe. The screw conveyor pipe is directed obliquely upward relative to the bottom of the hopper (more than 20°, but less than 45°) and on the side where the drive electric motor is located is equipped with an outlet pipe 13 directed downward and located at a distance from this electric motor. With this design of the screw conveyor, when mixing, the components flow upward due to their support on the screw blades of the shaft; some of the components are shifted down and again captured by the screw blade to be directed upward. There is a process of constant mixing of the mixture. At an inclination angle of 20° or less, the conveyor operates only for movement without mixing. At an angle of 45° or more, the mixture becomes compacted between the screw spirals and becomes clogged; the mixture does not mix. This process ensures good mixing of the components over a short period of operation of the screw blade. The finished explosive mixture reaches the opening connected to the outlet pipe, and through this pipe it is poured into the finished container (bags or charging sleeves placed in the well can be considered as packaging containers).

And in the area of the wall of the hopper 6, facing the drive electric motor, there is a container 14 for the liquid component of granulite (oil or diesel fuel), connected through a hydraulic pump 15 driven by a separate electric motor and a dosing unit 16 with the cavity of the screw conveyor pipe. When moving, the loose components of the granulite are irrigated with the liquid component from the container, and then the three-component mixture is moved while mixing. The liquid spray function is not used for two-component granulites.

This utility model is industrially applicable and can be used as a wheeled installation for preparing an explosive mixture for charging wells directly near these wells. Maneuverability in terms of redeployment has been increased, the process of creating an explosive mixture has been simplified, and the time for loading wells has been reduced, especially in places that are difficult to reach for charging and mixing machines.

During the tests, three-component granulite was used with the following composition, wt.%: ammonium nitrate - 96-95.6, industrial mineral oil (or solar oil) - 3.7-3.5 and granulated polystyrene foam grade M50 - 0.3-0.9 (with volume, % - 30.0±0.5). The declared composition of the explosive was produced in the conditions of mining enterprises of the Vladimir region: JSC "Gornyak" (Vladimir region, quarry at the subsoil site "Mitino-2", JSC "Gornyak" develops carbonate rocks (dolomites) of soil group VIII according to SNiP and 6-9 according to Protodyakonov. The diameter of the blasted holes is 105 mm. Dry holes.

Claims (5)

1. A movable device for preparing granulite, characterized in that it contains a frame mounted on freely rotating wheels, on which is placed a hopper with a lower part tapering towards the bottom, from below to which in the opening area a screw conveyor is attached, the shaft of which is connected to a fixed one on the free at the end of the pipe of this conveyor is an electric motor with a gearbox, while the pipe of the screw conveyor is directed obliquely upward relative to the bottom of the hopper and on the side where the electric motor is located is equipped with an outlet pipe directed downward and located at a distance from the electric motor with a gearbox, the hopper is equipped with a removable partition dividing the volume of the hopper into two sections for dissimilar bulk components of granulite and a lid covering the top, and in the area of the hopper wall facing the electric motor, there is a container for the liquid component of granulite, connected through a hydraulic pump and a dosing unit with the cavity of the screw conveyor pipe. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a trailer unit. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is equipped with an arched rotary handle. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is mounted on four wheels, two of which are pivotally connected to the frame and connected to the trailer unit. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is mounted on four wheels, two of which are hinged to the frame and connected to an arc-shaped handle.