JP2004232985A - Device and method for charging powder and granular explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for charging powder and granular explosives capable of reducing a burden on workers in charging operation by a simple device structure and securely and remarkably shortening working time. <P>SOLUTION: This device 10 for charging powder and granular explosives used for charging the powder and granular explosives in a blast hole 1 comprises an inlet opening part 31 for throwing the powder and granular explosives P therein and an outflow port 34 opened to the lowest position and flowing out the powder and granular explosives P. The device also comprises a storage container 30 having a bottom surface part at least a part of which is formed in a tilted surface 36 to lead the total amount of the stored powder and granular explosives P to the outflow port 34 by gravity and having a valve element 35 installed at the outflow port 34 so that an opening can be adjusted from a fully closed position to a fully open position and a carrying vehicle 20 carrying the storage container 30 mounted thereon. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging device and a charging method for handling powdered and explosives, and more particularly, to a charging device and a charging method for powdered and explosives suitable for an operation of loading a powdered and explosive into a blast hole. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various explosives have been used in mining sites, civil engineering construction sites, and the like for debris crushing work by blasting work. Such blasting operations include, for example, loading explosives into a blasting hole (vertical hole) drilled from the surface of the ground with a drill or the like and exploding, such as an open pit mine. Loading explosives into the blast holes is called charging.
In such a blasting operation performed on the surface of an open pit, for example, a powder, a granular material, or a powder and a granular material such as an ammonium nitrate explosive (hereinafter, referred to as “ANFO (Ammonium Fuel Oil Explosive)”) is used. In general, powdery and granular explosives such as a mixture in which is mixed are used. In the following description, the powder, the granular material, and the mixture are collectively referred to as “powder and granular material”.
[0003]
The above explosives in the form of powder have been conventionally handled such as being conveyed in units of heavy bags containing explosives of about 15 to 25 kg in one bag. Explosives in heavy bags are usually stored in explosive storage under strict control.
In the conventional charging operation, the heavy bags are loaded on a transport vehicle manually or partially using a transport machine such as a forklift, and transported to the vicinity of the charging site. In the vicinity of the charging site, the heavy bag is manually unloaded from the transport vehicle, and the required amount of the heavy bag is opened. There are a plurality of charging methods shown below for the charging method.
(1) The blast holes are sequentially loaded manually. (Manpower Charge Act)
(2) After refilling into a container such as a hopper by human power, explosives are pressure-fed or conveyed by a compressor, a pump, or an auger conveying device and charged into a blast hole. (Mechanical charging method)
Such a conventional mechanical charging method is described, for example, in the following non-patent literature.
[0004]
[Non-patent literature]
Japan Industrial Explosives Association, New Blasting Handbook, Sankaido Publishing Co., Ltd., May 15, 1989, pp. 83-86 [0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, of the conventional charging operation methods described above, one of the manual charging methods relies on human power for almost all of the charging operation. However, there is a problem that much labor and time are required to complete the charging.
[0006]
In addition, when the conventional mechanical charging method is employed, although the effect of reducing the burden on the worker is somewhat reduced, it is necessary to perform frequent maintenance because there is a driving part in each case, In addition, there is a problem that the operation rate is generally low because a failure easily occurs.
[0007]
Further, when the granular material is pumped using a compressor or a pump, the powder is pumped together with a working fluid such as air, so that a sufficient pumping capacity (flow rate) for shortening the charging time is secured. Therefore, an increase in the size of the apparatus is unavoidable, the initial investment cost of the apparatus itself increases, and securing a means of moving the apparatus between sites becomes a serious problem.
Furthermore, when powders are transported using a compressor, a pump, an auger transporter, or the like, the powders pass through a rotating body such as a screw, so irregular finesing of the powders is a problem. It becomes. That is, the amount of the powder charged into the blast holes may be excessively large due to the reduction in the size of the granular material, and thus there is a problem that the control of the charged amount becomes difficult.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and reduces the burden on an operator in the charging operation with a simple device configuration, and can reliably and drastically shorten the operation time. A charging device and a charging method are provided.
In particular, in the charging device and the charging method for handling the powder explosives, the powder explosives must not remain in the charging device after the charging operation is completed, and foreign substances may be mixed during the operation. Is strictly prohibited.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
The charging device for powdered and explosives according to claim 1 is a charging device for powdered and explosives used when loading a powdered and explosive into a blast hole,
An inlet opening for charging powder and granular explosives, an outlet opening at the lowest position to allow powder and granular explosives to flow out, and a bottom portion for guiding the entire amount of stored powder and granular explosives to the outlet by gravity. At least a part of the container is a slope, a storage container provided with a valve body whose opening can be adjusted from the fully closed position to the fully open position at the outlet, and a moving conveyance unit that mounts and conveys the storage container, The present invention is characterized in that it is provided and configured.
[0010]
In this case, it is preferable that the storage container is made of a material that does not corrode (for example, stainless steel), or that the inner surface of the container is particularly subjected to a corrosion prevention treatment (for example, painting).
Further, the storage container may be fixedly installed on the moving means, or may be installed detachably (moved) on the moving means.
[0011]
According to such an explosive charging device for powdered and granular explosives, an inlet opening for charging the powdered and granular explosives, and an outlet opening at the lowest position for discharging the powdered and explosives are provided. A storage container having at least a part of a bottom surface inclined so as to guide the entire amount of explosives to the outlet by gravity, and a storage container provided with a valve body capable of adjusting the opening degree from the fully closed position to the fully open position at the outlet. Since the storage container is provided with a moving and transporting means for transporting the same, the powdery and granular explosives can be easily transported and moved between the blast holes by introducing the powdery and granular explosives into the storage container. In each of the blast holes, the charging speed (flow rate) is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the valve body, and the powdered explosives in the storage container are allowed to fall freely from the outflow port to the blast holes by gravity and easily and quickly loaded. be able to. At this time, since at least a part of the bottom surface is inclined so that the powder explosives are dropped by gravity toward the outlet opening at the lowest position and guided, the residual powder explosives are contained in the storage container. It does not remain. In addition, since the driving portion includes only the valve body, maintenance is easy.
In addition, by using a material that does not corrode the storage container, or by performing a corrosion prevention treatment, it is possible to prevent the corroded pieces of the storage container from becoming foreign matter and being mixed with the powdered explosives during the charging operation. .
[0012]
In the charging device for powdery and granular explosives according to claim 1, it is preferable to include a container inclination means for changing an installation angle of the storage container so as to increase an inclination angle toward the outflow port. When the residual amount of the powder explosives stored in the storage container becomes small, the total amount of the powder explosives charged into the container is increased by operating the container inclining means to increase the inclination angle toward the outlet. Can be discharged more reliably, and the remaining amount can be eliminated.
[0013]
The method for charging powder and granular explosives according to claim 3 is a method for charging powder and granular explosives that is used when charging powder and granular explosives in a blast hole.
At least one part of the bottom surface is inclined so that the entire amount of the powdered explosives is installed in the transfer means and guided to the outlet opening at the lowest position by gravity. Explosives storage process to be put in,
A transport moving step of transporting the powdered and explosives together with the storage container by the transporting means,
A charging step of adjusting the opening degree of a valve element provided at the outlet, and allowing the powdered or explosives stored in the storage container to freely fall by gravity from the outlet to a blast hole to perform charging; And characterized in that:
[0014]
According to such a method for charging powdered or explosives, at least a part of the bottom surface is inclined so that the entire amount of the powdered or explosives is installed on the moving and transporting means and guided by gravity to an outlet opening at the lowest position. An explosives storing step of charging powdered and explosives into the container from an entrance opening of the storage container, a transporting step of transporting the powdered and explosives together with the storage container by the transporting means, and an outlet. A charging step of adjusting the opening degree of the valve element provided in the container, and performing the charging by causing the powdered explosives stored in the storage container to freely fall by gravity from the outlet to the blast hole, If powder explosives are charged into the storage container in the explosive storage step, they can be easily transported by the transporting means in the transporting step, or easily transported between the blast holes. Can be.
[0015]
When charging each blast hole in the charging step, the charging speed (flow rate) is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the valve body, and the powder explosives in the storage container are discharged from the outlet to the blast hole by gravity. Free fall allows easy and quick loading. At this time, since at least a part of the bottom surface is inclined so that the powder explosives are dropped by gravity toward the outlet opening at the lowest position and guided, the residual powder explosives are contained in the storage container. It does not remain.
[0016]
4. The method for charging powder and granular explosives according to claim 3, wherein in the charging step, charging is performed by changing an installation angle of the storage container or the container bottom so as to increase an inclination angle toward the outlet. Preferably, thereby, especially when the remaining amount of the powder explosives stored in the storage container has become small, by operating the container tilting means to increase the inclination angle toward the outlet, the inside of the container The entire amount of the charged powder and granular explosives can be more reliably discharged, and the remaining amount can be eliminated.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a charging device and a charging method for a powder explosive according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 are views showing the overall configuration of a charging device for powdery and granular explosives (hereinafter, referred to as a “charging device”). FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a charged state, and FIG. FIG. In addition, the code | symbol 10 in a figure shows a charging device, 20 shows a conveyance vehicle (moving conveyance means), and 30 shows a storage container.
[0018]
The charging device 10 is used at a site where powder and granular explosives are charged into the blasting holes 1 (hereinafter, referred to as “charging”) and crushing work for debris and structures by blasting work.
Specifically, it is used in mining sites such as mines and quarries, in civil engineering and construction sites, in various test sites involving blasting work, and in sites where blasting and explosion are photographed and observed. Is possible. This charging device 10 is suitable for use in a site where a blast hole 1 drilled into the ground from the ground surface using a drill or the like is charged, such as an open pit mine or a quarry. The blast hole 1 can be applied not only to a vertical hole excavated vertically from the ground surface, but also to a hole excavated obliquely from the ground surface.
[0019]
In addition, powder explosives that can be charged by the charging device 10, that is, powder explosives including powders, granules, and mixtures, specifically, explosives mainly containing nitrate (ANFO and explosives obtained by mixing other raw materials with ANFO) and the like, and in the following description, these are collectively referred to as “powder P”.
The above-mentioned powdery material P is transported and handled as a package put in, for example, a heavy bag, a plastic container, a flexible container bag, etc., and the weight per bag or pack is about 10 kg to 5,000 kg. In general,
[0020]
The charging device 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration in which a storage container 30 is mounted on a transport vehicle 20 that is a mobile transport unit. In the illustrated example, a dump truck (a so-called dump truck) provided with a lifting mechanism (container tilting means) for a loading platform 21 (not shown) is adopted as the transport vehicle 20, but for example, a general truck having no lifting mechanism on the loading platform It is not particularly limited as long as it is a vehicle that can be transported from the explosive charging position to the site of the blasting operation by mounting the storage container 30 and moving between a plurality of blasting holes, such as a train or a railway vehicle. Not something.
[0021]
The illustrated storage container 30 is fixedly or detachably installed on the bed 21 of the dump truck. The storage container 30 is a container of a powder and granular material that ensures the maximum capacity by substantially matching the shape of the cargo bed in plan view. In the illustrated example, the storage container 30 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped container, and is provided at an appropriate position such as a side surface. Is provided with a sight glass 39 so that the inside state and the remaining amount of the powder P can be checked.
The storage container 30 is formed by welding a plate material to form a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, and preferably uses a plate material such as stainless steel, which is a material that does not corrode. Alternatively, a plate material such as a general iron plate may be welded and appropriately subjected to anticorrosion treatment such as painting. Such a countermeasure against corrosion is to prevent the corroded portion of the plate material from peeling off and being mixed as foreign matter into the powder or granular material P.
[0022]
The storage container 30 is provided with an inlet opening 31 for inputting a granular material having at least a part (that is, part or all) of an upper surface opened. The inlet opening 31 is closed by being covered with a water-resistant sheet 40 or the like after the powder P is charged.
As shown in FIG. 3, an outlet opening 32 is formed in the bottom surface 38 of the storage container 30 to partially open the lowest position to allow the powder P to flow out. A downwardly inclined outlet flow path 33 projecting to the outside is connected to the outlet opening 32, and the tip of the outlet opening 33 is an outlet 34 from which the granular material P flows out. The outlet 34 is located at a position lower than the outlet opening 32, and is provided with a valve 35 having a function of adjusting the flow rate of the granular material P. Note that the outlet opening 32 needs to be smoothly opened so that a step higher than the bottom surface 38 does not occur in order to prevent the powder P from remaining in the container.
[0023]
The valve body 35 used here is capable of adjusting the opening degree from a fully closed position to a fully open position. For example, a so-called choke valve is optimal, but a cut gate or a damper may be employed. . Further, an elbow pipe for changing the outflow direction may be provided on the downstream side of the valve body 35 as necessary.
In the illustrated example, the outlet 34 is provided so as to be located at the rearmost part of the transport vehicle quantity 20 and near the right end in the traveling direction.
[0024]
At least a part of the bottom surface 37 of the storage container 30 is an inclined surface such that the entire amount of the stored granular material P is guided from the outlet opening 32 to the outlet 34 by gravity, that is, flows out by its own weight. . In addition, the inside of the storage container 30 is configured such that a convex portion that prevents the smooth flow of the granular material P toward the outlet opening 32 is not formed, that is, a convex portion that causes the granular material P to remain inside. Care must be taken so that no is formed.
[0025]
In the illustrated example, an inclined surface 36 is formed on the rear end side of the side wall on the left side in the traveling direction. The inclined surface 36 is a surface formed by cutting out a substantially triangular pyramid-shaped portion 30a indicated by an imaginary line in the drawing from a corner C located on the lower left side behind the storage container 30 having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. is there.
The provision of the inclined surface 36 allows the powder P to flow toward the outlet opening 32 opening at the lowest position of the bottom surface 37, for example, when the amount of the powder P stored in the container is reduced. . In particular, when the storage container 30 is tilted by the container tilting means, the granular material P that has flowed straight down on the left side in the traveling direction is also guided by the inclined surface 36 to change direction, and flows from the outlet opening 32 to the outlet 34. It will be. If no container inclining means is provided, the outlet opening 32 may be the lowest position in the container, with the bottom surface 37 as an inclined surface descending toward the outlet opening 32 side.
Further, if a container inclining means capable of making the inclination angle of the storage container 30 variable in both the front-back direction and the left-right direction is provided, the entire amount of the granular material P can be more reliably discharged from the container. it can.
[0026]
By the way, the inclined surface 36 of the storage container 30 described above has a structure in which the plate members are welded or bent at the joint with the bottom surface 37. In the illustrated example, a bending angle reducing member 38 is provided as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 4 in order to make the bending angle as large as possible an obtuse angle. This is because the flow of the joining portion is made smooth so that the powders P hardly remain in the container. Therefore, in place of such a bending angle reducing member 38, although the cost is increased, a structure using a member in which a joint is formed into a smooth concave curved shape by a forming die or the like is most preferable.
[0027]
Further, the shape of the storage container 30 described above effectively utilizes the bed 21 of the transport vehicle 20 so that the center of gravity becomes high and running stability and stability during charging operation are not impaired. Can be conveyed. However, the storage container 30 of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, the storage container 30 has a cylindrical or prismatic shape, and the bottom has an inverted conical shape or A structure in which the outlet opening 32 is provided at the lowermost end as an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape may be adopted.
[0028]
Hereinafter, a procedure and a method of charging the blast hole 1 using the charging device 10 described above will be described with reference to FIG.
In the first explosive storage step shown in FIG. 5A, the powder P is put into the storage container 30 mounted on the carrier 21 of the transport vehicle 20. The granular material P is received in the form of a package placed in a heavy bag, a plastic container, or a flexible container bag, and is sequentially opened to remove the water-resistant sheet 40 and to be thrown in from the opened upper entrance opening 31. I do. In this case, the valve body 35 is in a fully closed state shown in black in the figure.
[0029]
In such a charging operation, in the case where the storage container 30 has a relatively large capacity and the granular material P is handled in the form of a large-capacity flexible container bag, the flexible container bag is inserted into the entrance opening 31 using a crane truck or the like. In this state, the lower end of the bag or the vicinity thereof is opened and the bag can be easily and efficiently inserted in a short time.
If the capacity of the storage container 30 is relatively small, it may be handled in the form of a heavy bag or a plastic container.
[0030]
After the necessary amount of the granular material P is put into the storage container 30 in this way, the upper opening 31 is completely covered with the waterproof sheet 40 and closed. Such covering with the water-resistant sheet 40 causes the granular material P in the storage container 30 to be scattered outside the container in a later transporting and moving process or a charging process, or foreign matter is mixed into the granular material P from outside. The explosives storage step is completed when this operation is completed, with the aim of preventing the occurrence of rainwater and preventing infiltration of rainwater.
[0031]
After the explosives storing step is completed, the process proceeds to the transport moving step shown in FIG. In this step, the transport vehicle 20 travels and transports the storage container 30 and the internal powder P to the charge site where the powder P is loaded into the blast hole 1. This process is completed when the vehicle arrives at the charge site. In this case, the valve body 35 is also maintained in the fully closed state shown in black in the drawing.
[0032]
When the charging device 10 arrives at the charging site, the process shifts to a charging step of sequentially loading the granules P into the blast holes 1. In this step, the stop position of the transport vehicle 20 is adjusted so that the outlet 34 is located above the blasting hole 1 to be charged, and after confirming that the outlet 35 is at an appropriate position, the valve body 35 is opened. . At this time, the opening degree of the valve body 35 is appropriately adjusted while observing the flow of the granular material P that falls freely by gravity from the outlet 35.
As a result, the granular material P in the storage container 30 flows from the inside of the container toward the outlet opening portion 32 by its own weight, and further passes through the outlet flow path 33 and the valve body 35 and opens to the ground from the outlet 34 to the blast. It falls into the hole 1 and is charged. When the charging of the blast hole 1 is completed, the valve body 35 is fully closed, but the completion of the charging is confirmed by the same means and method as in the related art.
[0033]
In this manner, when the charging of the blasting holes 1 as the first charging step is completed, the transport vehicle 20 is moved to the vicinity of another adjacent blasting hole 1 in the same manner as in the above-described transporting step. Then, the second charging step is started by the same procedure as the first charging step described above, and thereafter, the transporting movement step and the charging step are repeated in the same manner.
By repeating such charging, the amount of the granular material in the storage container 30 gradually decreases, but the amount of the granular material in the storage container 30 is visually determined from, for example, the sight glass 39 provided on the side surface of the container. You can check.
[0034]
In the above-described charging step, if the charging device 10 includes a container inclining device such as a loading / lowering mechanism of a dump truck, for example, it is determined that the amount of the particulate material flowing out from the outlet 34 is reduced. In such a case, for example, when the remaining amount of the granular material P is reduced, the container inclining means may be operated as necessary to incline the storage container 30 to the angle of repose of the internal granular material P or more. preferable. As a result, it is possible to optimize the outflow amount of the granular material P to eliminate an increase in the charging time, or to more reliably prevent the granular material P from remaining in the storage container 30.
[0035]
The above-described charging device 10 of the present invention is provided with a weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the storage container 30 storing the powder P, or measuring the flow rate of the powder P flowing out from the outlet 34. For example, by providing a flow rate measuring means, the amount of charge to each blast hole may be grasped more accurately.
In addition, in order to adjust the amount of the granular material P to be charged into the blast hole from the inside of the storage container 30, the vibration is moved to an optimum position different for each device, such as the inside of the storage container 30 or the downstream side of the outlet 34. A transport device such as a feeder, a belt conveyor, a chain conveyor, or an auger may be appropriately installed.
[0036]
The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
According to the charging device and the charging method for the powder explosives according to the present invention described above, after the powder explosives are charged into the storage container, the powder explosive is easily transported to the site by the moving transport means, or between the blast holes. In each blast hole, the loading speed is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the valve body, and the powder explosives in the storage container are easily dropped from the outlet to the blast hole by gravity and easily. In addition, since loading can be performed quickly, there is a remarkable effect that the charging operation time can be shortened and the burden on the operator can be reduced.
[0038]
In addition, since at least a part of the bottom surface is inclined so that the powder explosives are dropped by gravity toward the outlet opening at the lowest position and guided, the residual powder explosive remains in the storage container. There is nothing to do. Furthermore, since the driving part of the apparatus is only the valve body, the apparatus is easy to maintain and has few failures and has extremely high operation efficiency.
In addition, by using a material that does not corrode the storage container, or by performing a corrosion prevention treatment, it is possible to prevent the corroded pieces of the storage container from becoming foreign matter and being mixed with the powdered explosives during the charging operation. .
[0039]
In addition, if the container is provided with a container inclining means for changing the installation angle of the storage container so as to increase the inclination angle toward the outlet, even when the remaining amount of the powdery and granular explosives stored in the storage container is reduced. By operating the container inclining means to increase the angle of inclination toward the outlet beyond the angle of repose, the entire amount of the powder explosives charged into the container can be discharged more reliably and the remaining amount can be eliminated. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a charging device for powdery and granular explosives according to the present invention, and is a perspective view showing a charged state.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the powder explosive charging device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of a storage container in the charging device for powdery and granular explosives shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are process diagrams showing a procedure and a method of performing a charging operation using the powdery and granular explosive charging apparatus shown in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 5A is an explosive storage step and FIG. Step (c) is a charging step.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Explosion hole 10 Explosive charging device 20 for powdery and granular explosives Transport vehicle (moving transport means)
21 loading bed 30 storage container 31 inlet opening 32 outlet opening 33 outlet flow path 34 outlet 35 valve body 36 inclined surface 37 bottom surface 38 bending angle reducing member 39 sight glass 40 water-resistant sheet P powder or granular material (powder or granular powder)

Claims (4)

A charging device for powder explosives used when charging powder explosives in a blast hole,
An inlet opening for charging powder and granular explosives, an outlet opening at the lowest position to allow powder and granular explosives to flow out, and a bottom portion for guiding the entire amount of stored powder and granular explosives to the outlet by gravity. A storage container, at least a part of which is an inclined surface, and a storage container provided with a valve body whose opening can be adjusted from the fully closed position to the fully open position at the outlet.
A moving conveyance means for mounting and conveying the storage container,
A charging device for powdery and granular explosives, comprising: 2. The charging device for powdery and granular explosives according to claim 1, further comprising a container inclining means for changing an installation angle of the storage container so as to increase an inclination angle toward the outflow port. A method of charging powder explosives used when charging powder explosives in a blast hole,
At least one part of the bottom surface is inclined so that the entire amount of the powdered explosives is installed in the transfer means and guided to the outlet opening at the lowest position by gravity. Explosives storage process to be put in,
A transport moving step of transporting the powdered and explosives together with the storage container by the transporting means,
A charging step of adjusting the opening degree of a valve element provided at the outlet, and allowing the powdered or explosives stored in the storage container to freely fall by gravity from the outlet to a blast hole to perform charging; When,
A method for charging powdered or granular explosives, characterized by comprising: 4. The method for charging powdery or granular explosives according to claim 3, wherein in the charging step, charging is performed by changing an installation angle of the storage container so as to increase an inclination angle toward the outlet.

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