CN113124722A - Low-position sector cut blasting method for presplitting forming slot cavity - Google Patents
Low-position sector cut blasting method for presplitting forming slot cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113124722A CN113124722A CN202110311593.3A CN202110311593A CN113124722A CN 113124722 A CN113124722 A CN 113124722A CN 202110311593 A CN202110311593 A CN 202110311593A CN 113124722 A CN113124722 A CN 113124722A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
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- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-position sector cut blasting method for a presplitting forming slot cavity, relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering blasting, and solves the problem that blasting flying stones damage equipment on a driving face. The method comprises the following steps: and drilling a plurality of rows of cut holes which are arranged in a sector shape on the tunneling working face, wherein the plane determined by each row of cut holes is parallel to the bottom plate. And drilling a pre-cracked hole on the side adjacent to the first sound gun hole of the fan-shaped cut hole. And filling explosives and detonators in the cut holes and the pre-splitting holes. A ballast pile is arranged between the driving face and the protection equipment, and the ballast pile and the sector cut hole are oppositely arranged. The pre-splitting holes are detonated before the cut holes, and the cut holes are detonated according to the sequence that the acute angle formed by each row of cut holes and the driving face is from small to large. The invention reduces the clamping effect of rocks by pre-splitting the forming slot cavity, ensures the stability of the minimum resistance line of the adjacent auxiliary blast holes, and realizes the control of the throwing direction and the throwing range of the cut blasting flying stones by measures of reducing the height of the cut part, arranging ballast piles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering blasting, in particular to a low-position sector cut blasting method for presplitting forming slot cavities.
Background
In the excavation construction process of the tunnel, in order to improve the blasting efficiency, the loading of the cut part needs to be increased frequently so as to achieve a good blasting effect. The throwing distance of the flystones generated by the conventional cut mode and blasting method is usually 20 m-30 m away from the working surface, and the individual flystones can reach 40 m-50 m. Blasting flying stones can cause serious damage to equipment and facilities near the driving face. In the coal mine rock roadway tunneling construction, in order to improve the mechanization level of the roadway drilling and blasting construction, the drilling and loading integrated machine is used in the roadway tunneling construction. The machine head of the integrated machine can only be withdrawn to a position 15-20 m away from the driving face during blasting due to the structural characteristics of the integrated machine. Generally, all-in-one machines, air ducts, water pipes and other equipment needing protection are arranged on one side of a tunnel, and pedestrian and equipment channels need to be reserved on the other side. And equipment and facilities needing to be protected are not placed at the channel position during blasting. In order to avoid the damage of blasting flying stones to equipment needing to be protected, such as an all-in-one machine head, an air duct, a water pipe and the like, multiple protection facilities need to be erected between a tunneling working face and the all-in-one machine, so that the construction process and the construction cost are increased, and the construction efficiency is reduced. Therefore, a reasonable blasting method is adopted to control the throwing direction of the flyrock, the throwing distance of the blasting flyrock is effectively reduced, the damage of the blasting flyrock to the integrated machine, the air duct and the water pipe is reduced, the tunneling efficiency can be effectively improved, and the method has important application value.
The application of the technology of one-time blasting lane formation by sector cut in iron ore in Hebei (Pongbo et al, modern mining, 2018, 06 th year, page 90-92) provides a sector cut blasting method. Specifically, the sector undermining is adopted, and the blasting holes firstly provide new free surfaces and compensation spaces for the blasting holes later so as to realize the technical effect of good undermining. However, the following problems still remain: (1) the unilateral sector cut has the characteristics of single flying stone throwing direction, concentrated blasting piles and long throwing distance. (2) In order to improve the construction efficiency, the length of the drill rod is not changed when the hole is drilled on the same driving working face. In order to obtain the maximum blasting circulation advance under the condition of a certain length of the drill rod, the drill rod is usually used for drilling a blast hole on a vertical working face to the deepest depth. Thus, for single-sided sector undercutting, a blind zone is created at the bottom of the inclined blasthole, where the bore cannot reach (fig. 1). Due to the clamping action of the rock, after the cut hole is detonated, the rock ridge is easily formed in the dead zone. Due to the influence of factors such as rock properties, drilling angles and loading quantities, the size and the shape of the rock threshold have great uncertainty. In order to burst the rock bank, the loading Q of the auxiliary holes adjacent to the groove cavity near the rock bank is generally required to be increased. If the charging quantity Q is smaller, the rock ridge cannot be exploded, so that the explosion effect is influenced; when the charging amount Q is larger, flying stones are easy to generate, and the throwing direction of the flying stones is opposite to the main throwing direction of the unilateral fan-shaped cut flying stones (hereinafter, the direction is referred to as the reverse direction), so that the control difficulty is increased. (3) For the first-shot blast hole, the rock at the opening part of the groove cavity on one side adjacent to the first-shot blast hole is easy to burst to form an overbreak area (figure 1), so that the minimum resistance line of the auxiliary blast hole adjacent to the overbreak area is reduced, and flyrock in the opposite direction is easy to form. (4) If the rock ridge of the dead zone at the bottom of the hole can be eliminated during the slotted hole blasting, the mouth part of the slot cavity is prevented from forming an over-digging area, and the slot cavity with regular shape is formed, the size of the minimum resistance line of the auxiliary hole adjacent to the slot cavity is a determined value, so that the optimal loading quantity of the auxiliary hole can be determined, and the throwing distance and the throwing range of the reverse direction blasting flyrock can be effectively reduced. (5) Generally, for drilling convenience, the minimum height of the cut part from the bottom plate is about 80cm, and the maximum height is about 180 cm. The cut part is higher, the initial throwing height of the blasting flyrock is increased, so that the blasting flyrock has the effects of long throwing distance and large throwing range, and the protection difficulty is increased.
At present, steel plates, rubber plates, protective nets and the like are mostly adopted to form protective layers for covering protection or steel frame trolleys and the like for covering rubber tires and quilts are adopted in common blasting flying stones protection methods. The protection method adopting covering protection or trolley protection belongs to passive protection, and has the advantages of multiple processes, high working intensity of constructors and low labor efficiency. The requirements on the bearing capacity and the quality of protective articles are higher, and the damage of flying stones to equipment cannot be completely avoided. In addition, the existing flyrock blocking structure or equipment is difficult to completely block the flyrock, and time and labor are consumed in installation and disassembly, so that the tunneling efficiency is not favorably improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the existing unilateral sector cut blasting method is to increase the circulation footage and improve the tunneling efficiency, and the control problem of blasting flying stones is not considered. The main throwing direction of the blasting flyrock of the unilateral fan-shaped cut blasting method is single, and the control difficulty of the blasting flyrock is relatively low. The invention mainly solves the problem that rock ridges are left at the bottoms of the cut holes and the mouth parts of the groove cavities form an over-cut area, so that the flying distance and the flying range of the flying stones blasted in the opposite direction can be controlled. Meanwhile, the characteristic that the single-side sector cut main throwing direction is single is utilized, the main throwing direction faces the direction of no protective facilities in the tunnel, the throwing direction and the throwing range of the ballast stone are controlled by means of the ballast piles arranged between the tunneling working face and the tunneling equipment, and the technical problem that the blasting flying stone damages the working face equipment is well solved.
In order to reduce the damage of blasting flyrock to equipment near a tunneling working face, reduce time, manpower and material resources for protection, reduce the protection cost and effectively improve the tunneling efficiency, the invention provides a low-position sector cut blasting method of a presplitting forming slot cavity. The specific technical scheme is as follows.
A low-position sector cut blasting method for presplitting forming slot cavities comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of rows of cut holes which are arranged in a sector shape on a driving face, wherein a plane determined by each row of cut holes is parallel to a bottom plate; the included angle between each row of cut holes and the tunneling working face is arranged from small to large.
S2, drilling a pre-cracked hole on the side, adjacent to the first sound gun hole, of the fan-shaped cut hole.
And S3, filling explosives and detonators in the cut holes and the pre-splitting holes, wherein the cut holes with the same included angle with the driving face use the detonators with the same section.
S4, placing a ballast pile between the tunneling working face and the tunneling device, wherein the ballast pile and the sector cut hole are oppositely arranged.
S5, detonating the pre-splitting holes before the cut holes, and detonating the cut holes in the sequence that the acute angle formed by each row of cut holes and the driving face is from small to large.
Preferably, the plurality of cut holes in the same plane are arranged in a sequence that the acute angle and the blast hole length with the driving face are gradually increased.
It is also preferred that the lowermost slotted holes in the fan-shaped arrangement are adjacent to the floor apertures.
It is also preferred that the distance between the uppermost row of the slotted holes arranged in a sector and the bottom plate is less than 120 cm.
It is also preferred that the pre-split holes are connected to form a pre-split plane perpendicular to the tunnel floor.
It is also preferable that the hole sites of the pre-splitting holes and the cut holes are arranged in a staggered manner on the working face, and the pre-splitting holes are formed with a distance of 10 cm-20 cm from the bottom of the cut holes.
It is also preferable that the distance between the uppermost pre-split hole and the lowermost pre-split hole is greater than the distance between the uppermost row of cut holes and the lowermost row of cut holes.
It is further preferred that the height of the ballast heap is greater than the distance between the uppermost row of cut holes and the floor and the width of the ballast heap is greater than the maximum horizontal distance between the cut holes and the pre-splitting holes.
It is further preferred that the distance between the ballast heap and the driving face is 300cm to 500 cm.
It is further preferred that the ballast pile is formed by stacking gangue, or is formed by building metal plates and wood, or is formed by stacking sand.
The low-position sector cut blasting method for the presplitting forming slot cavity provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the unilateral fan-shaped cut, the throwing direction of the flyrock is controlled, so that the flyrock moves towards the direction without a protection target.
2. The initial throwing height of blasting flyrock is reduced by reducing the height of the cut part, so that the throwing distance of the flyrock is effectively controlled.
3. By arranging the pre-cracking hole, a crack vertical to the bottom plate is formed at one side of the bottom of the first-sounding shot hole, and the effect of rock clamping is eliminated. Due to the existence of the pre-cracks, in the process of sequentially detonating the cut holes: (1) the damage range of first-time blasting hole blasting is limited, and an overbreak area is prevented from being formed at the opening part of the groove cavity. (2) The energy of explosive explosion can explode the blind area rock and bring the blind area rock out of the groove cavity, and the groove cavity with a regular outline is formed along the pre-crack. The groove cavity with a regular profile ensures that the minimum resistance line size of the auxiliary hole at the outer side of the pre-crack is determined, so that the stable charge can be determined through trial blasting, and the aim of controlling the throwing distance and the throwing range of the flying stones in the opposite direction is fulfilled.
In addition, the hole sites of the pre-splitting holes and the cut holes are arranged in a staggered mode on the working face, so that the explosive in the cut holes is prevented from being detonated and sympathetic. The ballast pile is used for blocking blasting flying stones, local materials are used, and the cost is low. By adopting a low-position cutting mode, the ballast stacking size and the ballast stone using amount are effectively reduced, the workload of ballast stacking and clearing is reduced, and the ballast blocking effect is stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blind zone formed by a single-side fan-shaped cut (Z is a main throwing direction and F is an opposite direction);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of blast holes and ballast piles on a driving face;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the blast holes of the heading face;
in the figure: 1-cutting holes; 2-blind area; 3-pre-splitting holes; 4-an overbreak area; 5-auxiliary holes; 6-peripheral holes; 7-ballast stacking; 8, drilling, loading and transporting integrated machine; and 9-an air duct.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention relating to a low-position fanning out blasting method of presplitting forming slot cavity is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
Example 1
A low-position sector cut blasting method for presplitting forming slot cavities comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of rows of cut holes 1 which are arranged in a sector shape on a driving face, wherein the plane determined by each row of cut holes 1 is parallel to a bottom plate; the included angle between each row of cut holes 1 and the driving face is arranged from small to large.
The cut holes 1 are uniformly distributed on one side of the vertical center line of the driving face, the other side of the driving face equipment which is intensively distributed is avoided, and the cut holes in the same plane are distributed according to the sequence that acute angles are formed between the cut holes and the driving face and the length of blast holes is gradually increased. The undermost slotted holes in the sector arrangement are adjacent to the bottom plate holes. The distance between the uppermost row of the cut holes arranged in a sector shape and the bottom plate is less than 120 cm. The initial throwing height of blasting flyrock is reduced by reducing the height of the cut part, so that the throwing distance of the flyrock is effectively controlled; in addition, the single-side fan-shaped cut is adopted to control the throwing direction of the flyrock, so that the flyrock moves towards the direction without a protection target.
S2, drilling a pre-cracked hole 3 on the side, adjacent to the first sound gun hole, of the fan-shaped cut hole 1.
The first blasting blast hole is the first blasting blast hole, and the pre-splitting surface formed by the pre-splitting holes is vertical to the tunnel bottom plate. The hole sites of the pre-crack holes and the cut holes are arranged in a staggered mode on the working face, and the distance between the pre-crack formed by the pre-crack holes and the bottom of each cut hole is 10-20 cm. The distance between the pre-splitting holes at the uppermost end and the pre-splitting holes at the lowermost end is greater than the distance between the undermost row of cut holes and the undermost row of cut holes.
By arranging the pre-cracking hole, a crack vertical to the bottom plate is formed at one side of the bottom of the first-sounding shot hole, and the effect of rock clamping is eliminated. Due to the existence of the pre-cracks, the damage range of first-shot blast hole blasting is limited in the process of sequentially detonating the cut holes, and an overbreak area is prevented from being formed at the opening part of the groove cavity.
And S3, filling explosives and detonators in the cut holes 1 and the pre-splitting holes 3, wherein the cut holes with the same included angle with the driving face use the detonators of the same section.
S4, placing a ballast pile 7 between the tunneling working face and the tunneling device, wherein the ballast pile 7 is arranged opposite to the sector cut hole 1.
The height of the ballast pile is larger than the distance between the cut hole in the uppermost row and the bottom plate, and the width of the ballast pile is larger than the maximum horizontal distance between the cut hole and the pre-splitting hole. The distance between the ballast pile and the tunneling working face is 300 cm-500 cm. The ballast pile is used for blocking blasting flying stones, local materials are used, and the cost is low.
S5, the pre-splitting holes 3 are detonated before the cut holes 1, and the cut holes 1 are detonated according to the sequence that the acute angle formed by each row of cut holes and the tunneling working face is from small to large.
The energy of explosive explosion can explode the blind area rock and bring the blind area rock out of the groove cavity, and the groove cavity with a regular outline is formed along the pre-crack. The groove cavity with a regular profile ensures that the minimum resistance line size of the auxiliary hole at the outer side of the pre-crack is determined, so that the stable charge can be determined through trial blasting, and the aim of controlling the throwing distance and the throwing range of the flying stones in the opposite direction is fulfilled.
In addition, the hole sites of the pre-splitting holes and the cut holes are arranged in a staggered mode on the working face, so that the explosive in the cut holes is prevented from being detonated and sympathetic.
Example 2
A low-position sector cut blasting method for a presplitting forming slot cavity is implemented in blasting and tunneling construction processes of two auxiliary transportation roadways in the north of a certain coal mine. The basic conditions of the driving face are as follows: the excavation height of the driving working face of the supplementary haulage roadway of the North second is 375cm, the excavation width is 540cm, and the excavation area is 17.1m2The lithology is siltstone. The allowable three-level water gel explosive for coal mines is adopted, the work-applying capacity is 220ml, the detonation velocity is 3000m/s, the brisance is 10mm, the diameter of a cartridge is 35mm, the length is 40cm, and the mass is 400 g/cartridge. The drill and ship integrated machine 8 is used for drilling holes, the length of a drill rod is 200cm, and the maximum blast hole length of the drill hole is 185 cm. 1-5 sections of allowable electric detonators for coal mines are adopted. Before blasting, the drilling and loading integrated machine 8 is withdrawn to a position 15m away from the tunneling working face, the drilling and loading integrated machine is parked on the left side of the roadway facing the working face, and the right side of the drilling and loading integrated machine is used for pedestrian and equipment channels.
The concrete construction steps are as follows:
And 2, constructing the pre-cracked holes 2. Drilling a row of pre-splitting holes 2 with the hole depth of 185cm, the number of which is 4, and the hole distance H on the right side of the groove cavity4Is 30cm, and the distance H between the pre-cracked hole at the lower part and the bottom plate5Is 20 cm. The pre-splitting surface formed by connecting the pre-splitting holes 2 is vertical to the bottom plate and forms an included angle of 90 degrees with the driving working surface. Horizontal distance L between 4# cut hole and pre-splitting hole 22Is 190cm, the pre-splitting holes 2 and the hole sites of the cut holes 1 are arranged in a staggered way on the working surface so as to avoid sympathetic explosion of the explosive in the cut holes 1 when the pre-splitting holes 2 are detonated, wherein the distance L between the hole bottoms of the No. 1 cut holes and the pre-splitting holes3Is 10 cm.
And 3, constructing the auxiliary holes 5 and the peripheral holes 6. The peripheral holes 6 are uniformly arranged along the design contour line of the tunneling working face, and the auxiliary holes are arranged layer by layer from inside to outside through the slot cavity.
And 4, cleaning the blast hole, and filling explosives and detonators. 0.4kg of explosive is filled into each hole of the pre-cracked hole, and a 1-section detonator is used for detonating. The 4 rows of blast holes numbered 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# are respectively filled with 0.8kg, 1.2kg, 1.6kg and 1.6kg, and the detonator sections are respectively 2 sections, 3 sections, 4 sections and 5 sections. The hole opening is filled with stemming; and detonating the cut holes according to the sequence of the detonator sections from small to large.
The main terms are explained in conjunction with the above embodiments:
(1) the working face, commonly called as the tunnel face, is a driving excavation face perpendicular to the axial direction of the tunnel.
(2) And the blind area is an area which can not be reached by the drilled hole formed at the bottom of the inclined cut hole for the unilateral fan-shaped cut. Due to the clamping action of the rock, after the cut hole is detonated, the rock ridge is easily formed in the dead zone.
(3) And in the overexcavation area, for unilateral fan-shaped undermining, the first-shot hole blasting exceeds the range of a preset slot cavity and the area of surrounding rock is blasted. A flare is usually formed at the mouth of the slot cavity to change the minimum resistance line of the adjacent auxiliary blast holes, so that reverse direction flyrock is caused.
(4) The main throwing direction is the direction which is vertical to the axial line of the cut hole and faces to the free surface for the unilateral sector cut. The direction is the main throwing direction of the single-side sector cut blasting flyrock.
(5) In the opposite direction, for a single sided sector plunge cut, the rock casting direction is opposite to the main casting direction. Generally, in order to burst blind zones, the loading of the auxiliary holes adjacent to the tank cavity needs to be increased, thereby producing a flyrock throw opposite to the main throw direction.
(6) And the row refers to more than 2 blast holes which are sequentially arranged on the same horizontal plane.
(7) And column, the names of more than 2 blast holes which are sequentially arranged on a vertical surface vertical to the bottom plate of the tunnel in sequence.
(8) The bottom plate, the bottom profile face of tunnel excavation is the plane that is on a parallel with the tunnel axis.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "center", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the device or component parts indicated to have a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation. Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-position sector cut blasting method of a presplitting forming slot cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of rows of cut holes which are arranged in a sector shape on a driving face, wherein a plane determined by each row of cut holes is parallel to a bottom plate; the included angle between each row of cut holes and the tunneling working face is arranged from small to large;
s2, drilling a pre-splitting hole on one side, adjacent to the first sound gun hole, of the fan-shaped cut hole;
s3, filling explosives and detonators in the cut holes and the pre-splitting holes, wherein the cut holes with the same included angle with the driving face use detonators of the same section;
s4, placing a ballast pile between the tunneling working face and the tunneling equipment, wherein the ballast pile and the sector cut hole are oppositely arranged;
s5, detonating the pre-splitting holes before the cut holes, and detonating the cut holes in the sequence that the acute angle formed by each row of cut holes and the driving face is from small to large.
2. The low-position sector cut blasting method for presplitting formed cavities according to claim 1, wherein the cut holes are all arranged on one side of a vertical center line of a driving face and avoid the other side of the driving face where equipment is intensively arranged, and the cut holes in the same plane are arranged according to an acute angle formed between the cut holes and the driving face and the sequence that the length of blast holes is gradually increased.
3. The method for low-position sectorial cut blasting of presplitting formed slot cavities according to claim 2, wherein the lowest row of sectorial cut holes is adjacent to the bottom plate hole.
4. The method for blasting low-level sector-shaped undercuts in pre-splitting formed slot cavities according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the uppermost row of the sector-shaped undercut holes and the bottom plate is less than 120 cm.
5. The low-position fanning out blasting method of pre-splitting formed slot cavity according to claim 1, wherein the pre-splitting planes formed by the pre-splitting holes are perpendicular to the bottom plate.
6. The low-position sector undermining blasting method for presplitting formed slot cavities according to claim 5, wherein the hole sites of the presplitting holes and the undermining holes are arranged in a staggered mode on the working face, and a distance of 10 cm-20 cm is reserved between the presplitting holes formed by the presplitting holes and the hole bottoms of the undermining holes.
7. The method for blasting low sector undermining according to claim 6, wherein the distance between the uppermost presplitting hole and the lowermost presplitting hole is greater than the distance between the uppermost row of undermining holes and the lowermost row of undermining holes.
8. The method for blasting of low sector cut of a presplitting form slot cavity according to claim 7, characterized in that the height of the ballast heap is greater than the distance between the uppermost row of cut holes and the bottom plate, and the width of the ballast heap is greater than the maximum horizontal distance between the cut holes and the presplitting holes.
9. The low-level sector slitting blasting method for the presplitting forming slot cavity according to claim 8, wherein the distance between the ballast heap and the tunneling working face is 300 cm-500 cm.
10. The low-level sector cut blasting method for the presplitting forming slot cavity according to claim 9, wherein the ballast pile is formed by stacking gangue, or is formed by building metal plates and wood, or is formed by stacking sand and soil.
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