RU2749021C2 - Method for increasing adaptive capabilities of body to temperature and physical load - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, particularly to sports medicine, and can be used during health-promoting activities and in execution of a physical exercise complex during training and preparation for athletic events. A sequence of contrasting temperature effects is performed including several criteria for selecting people which facilitate reduction in health risks in groups for health-promoting winter cold water training, winter swimming and athletic winter swimming. According to the assessment of general well-being and haemodynamic indicators, health-promoting and sports activities are accessed.

EFFECT: method ensures increased adaptive capabilities of the body from psychoemotional, psychophysiological and cardiovascular reactions of the body to extreme temperatures and physical load.

3 cl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of health improvement, prevention of people of working age and to sports medicine. It can be used when performing health-improving activities, as well as when performing a set of physical exercises during the training process and preparation for sports events.

Currently, there are various ways of activating and increasing the adaptive resources of a person to extreme temperature conditions and physical stress, including the use of aqua and aerothermal factors, as well as methods of accounting for some functional parameters of a person.

There is a known non-drug method for increasing the functional reserve of the human body through periodic introduction of a person into conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia with additional cold exposure by immersing the face in water cooled to the temperature of activation of skin cold receptors in the training mode, and thereby causing an increase in the stress-limiting system and increased nonspecific resistance of the organism [US Pat. No. 2161476 C2, 22.12.1997]. This method is based on the "diving reflex" mechanism, which is accompanied by the activation of cold and tactile receptors of the facial skin, the mechanism of breath holding, due to which the accumulation of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) occurs and the oxygen level decreases (hypoxia). This combination leads to the activation of antioxidant systems and, as a result of long-term adaptation to the above factors (hypercapnia, hypoxia and cold), enhances stress-limiting systems and increases the body's nonspecific resistance to unfavorable environmental factors. A full training course lasts at least 14 days. This method, being generally effective, at the same time has certain disadvantages: the method does not sufficiently take into account the individual characteristics of the psychophysiological and psycho-emotional parameters of the body, is carried out in a certain room and under medical supervision, which excludes it from autonomous use.

Known devices that increase the adaptive capacity of the body using interval diving of the human body in a cryosauna at a temperature of 130-150 ° C, which is enriched with vapor of liquid nitrogen [Baranov A.Yu., 2006]. It was found that a 10-minute session in a cryosauna at a temperature of -110 C ° can effectively relieve fatigue [Miller E., et al., 2016]. Also known is a device - a physiotherapeutic sauna, which helps to increase the adaptive capabilities of the body by finding a person in conditions with dry or wet steam [US Pat. No. 2277897, 12.11.2004]. The inventions relate to medical technology and can be used for the recovery and recovery of athletes and the treatment of injuries when exposed to steam saturated with bioactive and mineral substances. The main disadvantages of all of these devices are the limitation of exposure, as a rule, to one physical factor (cold or heat), and therefore it is not possible to alternate temperature effects, which contributes to a decrease in efficiency and narrowing of the areas of their practical use.

The known method of year-round complex hardening, which includes a stationary ice pool with branches of the Russian bath and Finnish sauna, phytoblock and ultraviolet sources for the effects of contrasting temperatures of the water-air environment on the body [Pat. No. 2116097 C1, 24.09.1997]. The disadvantage of this analog method is the possibility of its use only in a specific building, equipped with all the necessary sites and equipment that provide a contrasting effect on the human body. Also, this method is highly variable, does not have a description of the scheme of sequentially hardening procedures, and an assessment of the adaptive capabilities of the organism.

There is a description of the state of the immune system of people engaged in winter swimming, in whom after the winter season there was an increase in the number of neutrophils (by 42.6%), lymphocytes (by 58.2%) and monocytes (by 27.5%) [Teleglow A., et al., 2014]. Throughout the swimming season (5 months), a statistically significant decrease in IgA (by 8.49%) and IgG (by 6.75%) was found in cold water, and after the winter swimming season, the level of IgA decreased by 14.08% and IgG by 45%. At the same time, other statistically significant changes were not established - cortisol and creatinine kinase [Teleglow A., Marchewka J., Marchewka A., 2016]. The disadvantage of these measures is that the regime of exercise in cold water has not been identified: by the number of times a week, the length of time, the described regime of stay in cold water. At the same time, this method of increasing the functional reserve of the body, despite its information content, remains expensive.

The known method of psychotherapeutic training of athletes, related to the methods of operational psychoregulation, which are necessary for urgent correction of the state. In this case, two main groups are distinguished: impact through the body, i.e. regulation of behavioral and autonomic manifestations, and the impact "through consciousness", i.e. by performing certain psychotherapeutic exercises [Gorbunov GD, 2012]. The disadvantages of this method is the assessment of the mental regulation of the athlete's state only for urgent correction at the time of the competition.

The closest analogue to our proposed method is a method of increasing the adaptive resource of a person during year-round training and competitions of athletic swimmers, by exposure to low positive and negative temperatures of the water-air environment in stationary conditions of the ice pool [Pat. No. 2259184 C2, 07.10.2002]. This method is aimed at regulating the stability of cardiorespiratory health and heat generation, is a complex hardening, independent of the season and including athletic swimming in ice (from -3 to + 1 ° C) or cold (from +1 to + 5 ° C) water alternately in different styles providing a periodic change in body position from vertical to horizontal, the use of thermal and waterproof equipment and exercise on land using sports devices. The disadvantages of this analog method are that: 1 - the method involves the use of special thermal and waterproof equipment, which increases the cost of this method; the method is described for professional swimmers-athletes and does not take into account the spread among people who do not have special training and swimming skills; 2 - not focused on the selection criteria for training in cold and ice water; 3 - psychophysiological criteria have not been studied and the state of cardiovascular activity is not recorded during this contrast training.

The patent information search showed that today there are no developed sequential schemes of contrasting temperature effects and selection criteria for people of working age who are engaged in winter hardening, winter swimming and preparing for sports events in cold water.

The problem to be solved by the claimed method is to present a scheme of contrasting temperature exposure, which increases the adaptive capacity of the body to temperature and physical stress on the part of psycho-emotional, psychophysiological and cardiovascular reactions of the body.

The technical result is achieved due to the alternation of contrasting temperature effects of different duration, the selection system ("inclusion criteria" and "exclusion criteria") in the groups of health-improving winter hardening, winter swimming and sports winter swimming, admission to health-improving and sports activities when assessing hemodynamic parameters.

The problem posed with the achievement of the above technical result is solved due to the fact that in the method of increasing the adaptive capabilities of the body to temperature and physical stress, there is a contrasting temperature effect of different duration, characterized by a clearly formed sequential alternation of temperature effects: 1.air procedures at air temperatures up to -25 ° C with elements of warm-up and breathing exercises; 2. cold water from a natural reservoir + 2 + 8 ° С; 3. a room with hot air using an electric boiler that maintains the air temperature in the range of 85-95 ° C (sauna).

Achievement of the technical result will be carried out due to the system of selection of people in the groups of health-improving winter hardening, winter swimming and sports winter swimming, which is presented in the form of a certain list of medical indications that make up the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, which is necessary to reduce health risks in alternation of contrasting temperature effects.

The set task with the achievement of the above technical result is solved by the fact that before each lesson with contrasting temperature exposure, people are admitted on the basis of the following indicators: general well-being, blood pressure no more than 135-145 mm Hg. Art., pulse in the range of 60-80 (zone of "rest" or "everyday life").

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the method of increasing the adaptive capabilities of the organism to temperature and physical stress consists of several stages and cycles of alternating contrasting temperature effects:

Stage I "Long contrast cycle"

Warm up before the ice hole to warm up the body with physical exercise (1-2 minutes).

Immersion in cold water up to neck level (30 seconds).

Air break with elements of breathing exercises according to Strelnikova's method (1-2 minutes).

Immersion in cold water up to neck level (20 seconds).

A visit to the sauna + 90 + 92 ° С (15-20 minutes).

Stage II "Medium contrast cycle"

Immersion in cold water up to neck level (20 seconds).

Air break with elements of breathing exercises according to Strelnikova's method (1-2 minutes).

A visit to the sauna + 90 + 92 ° С (10-15 minutes).

Stage III "Short-term contrast cycle"

1 cycle Immersion in cold water with the head (10 seconds).

A visit to the sauna + 90 + 92 ° С (5-10 minutes).

2 cycle Immersion in cold water with the head (10 seconds).

A visit to the sauna + 90 + 92 ° С (5-10 minutes).

3 cycle Immersion in cold water with the head (10 seconds).

Rubbed with a towel. Drinking regime.

1. Air procedures at air temperatures up to -25 ° C with elements of warm-up and breathing exercises.

A warm-up, consisting of physical exercises, helps to warm up the body [Ageeva UP, Bondareva EV, 2016] and switch the parasympathetic department to the work of the sympathetic department of the ANS [Antufiev DA, Antufieva SL, 2010; Krivolapchuk I.A., 2011]. This "readjustment" in changing the work of the ANS has a trophic effect, which is expressed in the rate of metabolic processes [Abramov V.V., Abramova T.Ya., Kozlov V.A. Abramov, 2006]. Consequently, a warm-up before Cold procedures in any weather of the autumn-winter period is an adaptive transition of the organism capable of regulating muscle tone, influencing biochemical and biophysical reactions and metabolic processes occurring at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels.

Warm-up in combination with breathing exercises according to Strelnikova evens out the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex, has a positive effect on the neuro-regulatory mechanisms that control the breathing process. This gymnastics is based on dynamic breathing exercises, which are accompanied by movements of the arms, legs and trunk [Amosova T.Yu., 2008.]. The basic exercises "Ladoshka", "Shoulder" and "Pump" are used.

2. Exposure to cold water from a natural reservoir + 2 + 8 ° С.

When a person is immersed in water, a vascular thermoregulatory reaction occurs - a narrowing of the blood vessels in the skin. Cutaneous blood flow instantly decreases to its minimum value of 1 l / h at all water temperatures in the studied range, which makes it possible to reduce heat transfer from the nucleus to the body surface. The temperature of the skin falls exponentially, in a few minutes its value becomes only 1-2 ° C higher than the temperature of the water [Ermakova I.I. et al., 2015]. The impact of cold water on the body or torso is about 30% of the entire body surface. Here are the vital organs, usually well protected by a layer of muscle and subcutaneous fat. On the limbs (arms and legs) - more than 50%. There are no vital centers in the limbs, and muscle tissue, even in the complete absence of oxygen and nutrient supply, is able to remain viable for several hours. The head and neck area have the smallest area - 15% of the area of the whole body, but it is here that a number of vital nerve centers are located [Yakovlev A., 2016]. Therefore, at the first and second stages, dipping with your head can lead to a breakdown of protective and adaptive mechanisms, since in cold water, regardless of the level of immersion, heat loss is always higher than heat generation. After the body has become accustomed to low-temperature effects, a short-term immersion in cold water is carried out with the head to enhance the adaptive effect and expand individual adaptive resources.

3. A room with hot air using an electric boiler that maintains the air temperature in the range of 85-95 ° C (sauna).

The main factor affecting the body in a sauna is heat (hot air, steam). Under the conditions of this environment, there is an effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems: microcirculation, metabolism improves, recovery processes are accelerated, sweating and excretion of metabolic products (urea, lactic acid, etc.) from sweat increases, muscle tone decreases, skin functions improve, there is a stimulation of defense mechanisms [Ryzhov A.S., 2017]. The body temperature of a person in such an environment rises to 38-40 ° C and most pathogens (bacteria, viruses) die. Also, against the background of activation of various functions of the body, the blood supply to the brain increases, attention, memory, mental performance improve [Grigonee J.Y., Skirene V., Nautskunaite L., 2008].

The essence of the invention proposes selection criteria for winter hardening groups and winter swimming groups:

Inclusion criteria:

• ECG and ultrasound of the heart with a doctor's conclusion (which is valid for a year);

• Chronic disease in remission. Exclusion criteria:

• Obesity III degree;

• Phlebeurysm;

• Disease of the thyroid gland (removal of the thyroid gland, hyperthyroidism II and III degrees);

• Coronary heart disease (IHD);

• Oncopathology;

• Gynecological diseases.

The essence of the invention establishes admission, as a prerequisite, to health and sports activities based on the following indicators and observations in dynamics during the entire autumn-winter season.

1. General well-being:

• excellent;

• good;

• satisfactory;

• bad.

2. Blood pressure before each contrasting temperature exposure should not exceed: systolic 135-145 mm Hg. Art., diastolic 70-80 mm Hg. Art.

3. The heart rate (HR), before each contrasting temperature exposure, should not leave the "rest" or "everyday" zone (60-80 beats per minute).

Example:

The research group consisted of 30 winter hardening enthusiasts (including 22 men and 8 women). The average age of all participants is 32 years old. The assessment of the dynamics of the psychophysiological state of athletes was carried out 20 minutes before the start and 20 minutes after the contrasting temperature effects.

The basic indicators of central hemodynamics, psychoemotional state were studied by the method of N.P. Fetiskin “Visual-associative self-assessment of emotional states”, assessment of the psychophysiological state according to the Luscher test and the indicator, assessment of the activity of the autonomic nervous system, the Kerdo index (VIC).

Before carrying out contrasting temperature effects in a state of physiological rest, it was found that:

1. Heart rate was 68 beats / min;

2. systolic blood pressure increased to 140 mm. rt. Art., which exceeded the value of the physiological norm (p <0.05), which is regarded as the adaptive restructuring of the body to contrasting temperature effects. At the same time, diastolic blood pressure did not go beyond the physiological norm and amounted to 77 mm. rt. Art .;

3. two emotional states were established: "joy" - in 57% and "bright, pleasant" - in 43%;

4. according to the Luscher test (us. Sign.): Heteronomy (-1.5); balance of personality traits (-1.64); stress level (11.4), vegetative coefficient (1.2).

5. The value of the Kerdo index was (-22), which indicates parasympathoconia.

After carrying out contrasting temperature effects, reliably significant changes were noted:

1. The heart rate was 100 beats / minute and was in the zone "Zone of heart health" (p <0.05). It is believed that this training zone improves the condition of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. There is a decrease in blood pressure and cholesterol levels. 10% of carbohydrates (as a source of energy), 5% of proteins and as much as 85% of fats are burned.

2. Systolic blood pressure dropped to 130 mm. rt. Art. (p <0.05) from the indicators before the onset of contrasting temperature effects. The level of diastolic blood pressure after contrast effects was 82 mm. rt. Art .;

3. The emotional state was distributed as follows: “calm” - 7.5%; “Joy” - 57%, “bright, pleasant” - 28%; delight - 7.5%;

4. According to Luscher's test (us. Zn.): Autonomy (1.9, p <0.05); balance of personality traits (1.0, p <0.05); stress level (10.0, p <0.05) vegetative coefficient (0.9, p <0.05).

5. The value of the Kerdo index was (-26.1, p <0.05), which also indicates parasympathoconia.

Thus, the proposed scheme of contrasting temperature exposure can be regarded as a dosed physical exercise, where the basic indicators of central hemodynamics, emotional state, psychophysiological reactions and activity of the autonomic nervous system are defined as a favorable reaction of the body aimed at increasing the adaptive resources of a person, and can be a prevention of stress.

The above method for increasing the adaptive capabilities of a person through the use of contrasting temperature effects has a number of significant advantages and positive differences from the previously known methods of hardening. Namely: this method is a clearly formed scheme of successive cycles of contrasting temperature effects on the body, which together are aimed at a better and safer increase in the adaptive capabilities of the body; the method takes into account the individual characteristics of psychophysiological, psychoemotional and cardiovascular indicators of the body for hardening; The proposed method is generally available and low-cost, since it does not involve the use of additional equipment or tools, does not require professional training skills.

Thus, the proposed method can be applied in the field of health improvement, prevention and sports medicine.

Sources of information taken into account in the examination:

1. Pat. No. 2161476 C2, 12/22/1997;

2. Baranov A.Yu. Cryotherapy in sports: technologies, comments, forecasts // "Medicine and Sport". - 2006. - No. 5. - S. 38-40;

3. Miller E., Kostka J., Wlodarczyk T., Dugu B. Whole-body cryostimulation (cryotherapy) provides benefits for fatigue and functionalstatus in multiple sclerosis patients. A case-control study // Acta neurologica scandinavica. - 2016. - vol. 134, Is. 6. - P. 420-426;

4. Pat. No. 2277897, 12.11.2004;

5. Pat. No. 2116097 C1, 24.09.1997;

6. Teleglow A., Dabrowski Z., Marchewka A., Tyka A., Krawczyk M., Glodzik J., Szygula Z., Mleczko E., Bilski J., Tyka A., Tabarowski Z., Czepiel J., Filar-Mierzwa K. The influence of winter swimming on the rheological properties of blood // Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. - 2014. - vol. 57 (2). - P. 119-127;

7. Teleglow A., Marchewka J., Marchewka A. Changes in Biochemical Properties of the Blood in Winter Swimmers // Folia Biologica (Krakow). - 2016. - vol. 64, no. 4. - P. 285-291;

8. Gorbunov G.D. Psychopedagogy of sport / G.D. Gorbunov. - M .: "Soviet Sport", 2012. - 312 p;

9. Pat. No. 2259184 C2, 07.10.2002;

10. Ageeva U. P., Bondareva E.V. The effectiveness of warm-up in training sessions // In the collection: Economic, legal, organizational and managerial aspects of the development of labor resources in modern conditions of global risks. Collection of materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Responsible for the release of G.M. Lokhonov. - 2016. - S. 3-7;

11. Antuf'ev D.A., Antuf'eva S.L. Collective morning exercises with elements of games // Physical culture at school. - 2010. - N 6. - S. 51-55;

12. Krivolapchuk I.A. The effectiveness of the use of physical exercises for the regulation of the functional state of anxious children 6-8 years old // Human Physiology. - 2011. - T. 37, No. 5. - S. 61-72;

13. Abramov V.V., Abramova T.Ya., Kozlov V.A. Principles of autonomic regulation of the function of immunocompetent cells: fundamental and applied significance // Successes of modern biology. 2006. - T. 26, No. 4. - S. 379-387;

14. Amosova T.Yu. Respiratory gymnastics according to Strelnikova / T.Yu. Amosov. - M .: RIPOL Classic, 2008. - 64 p;

полiтехнiчний iнститут. Серiя: Радiотехнiка. Радiоапаратобудування. - 2015. - №60. - С. 122-130;15. Ermakova I.I., Ivanushkina N.G., Nikolaenko A.Yu., Solopchuk Yu.N. Complex of computer models for assessing cold stress in water // Bulletin of the National Technical University

polytechnic institute. Series: Radiotechnics. Radioaparatobuduvannya. - 2015. - No. 60. - S. 122-130;

16. Yakovlev A. Hardening of the human body with ice water as an increase in psychological stability in stressful situations // Personality in extreme conditions and crisis situations of life. - 2016. - No. 6. - S. 384-387;

17. Ryzhov A.S. Recovery of the body after physical exercise // Science-2020. - 2017. - No. 2 (13). - S. 81-92;

18. Grigonee J.Y., Skirene V., Nautskunaite L. Bath procedures as a means of recreation and their influence on the activity of the cardiovascular system // Pedagogy, psychology and medico-biological problems of physical education and sports. - 2008. - No. 10. - S. 41-43.

Claims (3)

1. A method of complex contrast hardening and healing with contrasting temperature effects, characterized by the fact that it includes sequential warm-up to warm up the body with the help of physical exercises for 1-2 minutes, immersion in cold water +2 - + 8 ° C to the level neck for 30 seconds, performing breathing exercises according to A.N. Strelnikova Ladoshka, Pogonchiki and Pump for 1-2 minutes, immersion in cold water at a temperature of +2 - + 8 ° С for 20 seconds, visiting a sauna +90 - + 92 ° From 15-20 minutes, immersion to the neck level in cold water at a temperature of +2 - + 8 ° C for 20 seconds, performing breathing exercises according to A.N. Strelnikova Ladoshka, Pogonchiki and Pump for 1-2 minutes, visiting the sauna +90 - + 92 ° С for 10-15 minutes, immersion with the head in cold water at a temperature of +2 - + 8 ° С for 10 seconds, visiting the sauna at a temperature of +90 - + 92 ° С for 5-10 minutes, immersion with the head in cold water at a temperature of +2 - + 8 ° С for 10 seconds, a visit to the sauna at a temperature of +90 - + 92 ° C for 5-10 minutes, immersion headlong into cold water at a temperature of +2 - + 8 ° C for 10 seconds. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the selection criteria for hardening procedures are ECG and ultrasound of the heart with a doctor's conclusion, which is valid for a year, a chronic disease in remission; the criteria for exclusion from the practice of hardening procedures are III degree obesity, varicose veins, removed thyroid gland, II and III degree hyperthyroidism, ischemic heart disease (IHD), oncopathology, gynecological diseases. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before each lesson, trainees are admitted to health-improving activities based on indicators of general well-being, blood pressure no more than 145 mm Hg, heart rate 80 to 125 beats per minute at rest.