RU2785035C1 - Method for complex contrast conditioning of adolescents aged 15-16 years in educational institution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of prevention in adolescents in an educational institution; it can be used in conditioning events not only in secondary schools, but also in sports groups, as well as in specialized children and youth sports schools. Jogging in the fresh air is carried out at a temperature not lower -24°C for 7-10 minutes. Then, breathing exercises are carried out in a gym, according to A. N. Strelnikova method, for 3-4 minutes. Next, walking barefoot is carried out on wet and massage tracks for 4-5 minutes, and exercises are carried out on a coordination ladder for 4-5 minutes. After that, going outside, the body is poured with water with a temperature of 6-8°C, in an equipped place, from plastic buckets of 10 l, for 30 seconds. At the same time, air procedures with warm-up in the air are carried out for 1-2 minutes. In the completion of the method, the body is heated in the sauna at a temperature of 60-65°C for 10-15 minutes, and the body is poured with water with a temperature of 6-8°C, in an equipped place, from plastic buckets of 10 l, for 30 seconds.

EFFECT: method provides for an increase in the efficiency of prevention of respiratory diseases without changing conditioned natural age physiological anthropometric and physiometric processes of adolescents and improvement of indicators of physical fitness of adolescents.

2 cl, 1 ex

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of prevention of children aged 15-16 years, can be included in the program of physical education of children and used when performing recreational activities in an educational institution.

At present, the topic of children's health improvement is one of the priority areas in the field of medicine, prevention and health improvement of school-age children. This topic is especially relevant for educational institutions, where almost every child in the country studies. In this case, special attention is paid to adolescence. Various types of systemic and local hardening are known, as well as hardening in combination with other physical factors. In each specific method, some diagnostic markers of functional indicators of the dynamics of the adaptive resources of the child's body are determined.

State of the art

With the help of hardening, i.e. alternation of water-temperature effects, an increase in the resistance of the child's body and the expansion of adaptive resources to changing environmental conditions are achieved [Buijze G.A. et al., 2018; Grevtsova A.Yu., Pavlenko D.A., 2017]. Indicators of adaptive responses to temperature exposure are indicators of the cardiovascular system, which must be taken into account in the process of age-related development of children [Chiglintsev V.M., Privalova A.G., 2016]. As they grow older, the tone of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates and a greater intensity of peripheral circulation is noted. The widest corridor of fluctuations in thermoregulatory processes at the last stage of puberty (16-17 years old) indicates significant adaptive capabilities of the body of adolescents [Pronina T.S., Orlova N.I., Rybakov V.P., 2015].

A known method of rehabilitation of frequently ill children [US Pat. No. 2462220 C2, 07.12.2010] of primary school age, where daily physical therapy classes for 20-30 minutes are used in a complex way, an additional intake of Se-containing mineral water 40 minutes before meals, manual massage of the collar area and group halotherapy. This invention relates to medicine, in particular to regenerative medicine, balneology, physiotherapy and pediatrics, and is aimed at increasing the immunological resistance of the body, providing a local anti-inflammatory, secretolytic effect and increasing the degree of resistance and resistance of the body to various catarrhal viral infections. The method has a pronounced efficiency, but is rather complicated, since it takes a rather long time and requires the involvement of not only many material and technical components, but also maintenance personnel, which clearly affects its increased cost.

There is a method of year-round complex hardening, which includes a stationary ice pool with sections of the Russian bath and Finnish sauna, phytoblock and ultraviolet sources for exposure to contrasting temperatures of the water-air environment on the body [US Pat. No. 2116097 C1, 09/24/1997]. The disadvantage of this analog method is expensive equipment with the possibility of its use only in a certain building, equipped with all the necessary sites and equipment that have a contrasting effect on the human body. The method is highly variable and does not have an assessment of the adaptive capabilities of the body, sequential schemes of hardening procedures, including a scheme of contrast exposure for school-age children.

A known method of hardening children of preschool and primary school (4-10 years) age in combination with physical activity [US Pat. No. 2140249 C1, 09/28/1998]. The method consists of a complex of dosed physical exercises in the room (warming up) and taking the children out into the frosty air, where they perform the following cyclic actions: running with game elements and rubbing with snow (30-40 s), taking snow baths (40-60 s). This invention is theoretically based on training the thermoregulation system of the child's body and is aimed at increasing immunity to colds and infectious diseases by enhancing the individual physical and psychological adaptation of preschool and primary school children to cold stress. A distinctive feature of the invention is that in hardening children, the time of onset of sweating from the distal end of the forearm is calculated from the beginning of performing dosed physical exercises. It was shown that this method had a positive effect on immunity to colds, increasing it by at least 25-30%, and increased physical and psychological adaptation to cold stress.

There is a method of hardening children of the second childhood period, including warming up the body during a set of physical exercises in the room and subsequent cold exposure [Bobkov GA, Ioffe AA, 1938]. The method includes studying the operation of the thermoregulation system in children in the mode of dosed physical activity, such as physical exercise, in a room with comfortable conditions. The method examines the body's ability to dissipate heat by sweating from the distal end of the forearm. According to the known method, the thermoregulation system is characterized by the fact that the relative energy consumption of rest and work in children is much higher than in adults with respect to weight, height, body surface. The ability of a child to both heat up and cool down, and therefore maintain a thermal balance, is much higher than that of adults. Although the muscles of a child at rest and during work produce more heat than the muscles of an adult, the role of individual muscle groups in thermogenesis with age is due to the heterochrony of the maturation of the muscular apparatus, which affects the uneven heating of the child's body. The system of thermoregulation, developing heterochronously its nervous and receptor apparatus, must ensure the temperature homeostasis of the body. A functional system for ensuring temperature homeostasis in ontogeny operates under conditions of constant instability of its constituent subsystems. Moreover, in each period of ontogenesis, the leading methods of heat transfer change. Since different methods of heat transfer are limiting under different environmental conditions, the critical thermal loads and thermoresistance in ontogeny differ from each other in different periods. The known method, investigating the operation of the thermoregulation system of children up to the first adulthood, establishes that it is impossible to use a single method for adapting children to conditions of heat or cold. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of proven individual dosing parameters of both physical activity to provide thermal heating before taking cold stress, and parameters of cold hardening. Without knowing the individual parameters of warming up and cooling down the child's body, it is impossible to properly organize the training of his thermoregulation system and develop conditioned reflexes between the cold stimulus and the thermoregulation system.

A known method of healing the body of children 7-10 years old in a comprehensive school [US Pat. No. 2462224, 05.05.2011]. The invention is aimed at reducing the incidence of children aged 7-10 years, including respiratory diseases, improving the physical fitness of younger students in a general education school. The method includes performing physical exercises during a lesson in physical education under conditions of saturation of the sports hall with an aerosol of sea water and the introduction of a multivitamin complex, the selection of physical exercises is carried out depending on the season of the year. The use of this method is limited in the conditions of general education schools due to the need for equipped premises and the purchase of an aerosol with sea water, which increases the cost of the method.

The closest analogue to our proposed method is the method of complex contrast hardening of preschool children, indicating the sequence of stages of contrast procedures: physical exercise (warming up), air baths, warming up in the sauna, breathing exercises, drinking regimen [Pat. No. 2744024, 07/09/2019]. A complex method of contrast hardening of children aged 4-6 years. This method is considered as an integral part of the physical education of children, aimed at the formation of healthy lifestyle skills. The sequence and systematic implementation of hardening measures in a preschool educational institution leads to a decrease in the incidence rate, the removal of psycho-emotional stress and a decrease in functional stress in the immune system, which is manifested by a decrease in the level of IgE in children 4-6 years old. A distinctive feature of the invention is that the method is focused on use in preschool educational institutions.

Patent information search has shown that today there are various health-improving schemes of temperature effects in combination with ambient temperature and physical exercises for children of different ages. With the inclusion and expansion of health-saving technologies in the educational environment, there is a need to develop new approaches to prevention and rehabilitation aimed at expanding the individual resources of the child and increasing the resistance of the child's body to diseases of various etiologies based on available natural remedies, taking into account the capabilities of educational institutions and the age characteristics of the adolescent organism.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The task to be solved by the claimed method is to carry out hardening procedures in an educational institution based on a set of measures that contribute to the reduction and prevention of respiratory diseases without changing the natural age-related anthropometric and physiometric parameters in adolescents.

The technical result is achieved due to: 1) rehabilitation of adolescents with the successive implementation of the following complex procedures: jogging, breathing exercises, barefooting and coordination exercises, dousing, exposure to thermal procedures in the sauna, repeated dousing; 2) selection into the hardening group according to a number of specific criteria; 3) preliminary admission of adolescents and preparation for recreational activities.

Implementation of the invention

The task with the achievement of the above-mentioned technical result is solved by successive implementation of health procedures: 1 - jogging in the fresh air at a temperature not lower than -24°C in comfortable clothes for the season (7-10 minutes); 2 - conducting breathing exercises in the gym according to the method of A.N. Strelnikova (3-4 min.); 3 - walking barefoot along wet and massage paths (4-5 min.), performing exercises on the "coordination ladder" (4-5 min.); 4 - exit to the street; dousing the body with cold water (+6-+8°C) in an equipped place from 10-liter plastic buckets (30 sec.) (first dousing); 5 - air procedures (warm-up in the air) (1-2 minutes); 6 - warming up the body in a sauna at a temperature of +60-+65°C (10-15 minutes); 7 - dousing the body with cold water (+6-+8°C) in an equipped place from 10-liter plastic buckets (30 sec.) (second dousing). Complex contrast hardening events are held 3 times a week in the morning before the start of the educational process.

The achievement of the technical result will be due to the fact that in the method of complex contrast hardening and rehabilitation of adolescents aged 15-16 years, selection criteria for a health group are defined: criteria for "inclusion" - written permission from parents to carry out hardening procedures and processing personal data, providing a diagnosis of sudden death syndrome in a family history, an indication in the adolescent's medical record (form No. 026 / y) of the first or second health group; "exclusion" criteria - the presence of acute respiratory and viral diseases within 2 months before the start of recreational activities, pathology during examination of the ultrasound of the heart and ECG.

Achievement of the technical result will be carried out due to the established admission to health procedures before each lesson based on a number of indicators: general well-being, blood pressure, heart rate - and logistical preparation for hardening activities.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the method of complex contrast hardening and rehabilitation of adolescents 15-16 years old consists of several stages of wellness procedures:

Stage 1 - jogging in the fresh air at a temperature not lower than -24 ° C in clothes that are comfortable for the season (7-10 minutes).

Running is a kind of vibro-gymnastics, vibro-massage of the whole organism [Nalimova M.N., 2019]. If the run is carried out in the fresh air in winter, then hardening occurs with the help of cold air. Under the influence of air masses, the tone of the nervous system increases, efficiency increases, the work of the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine systems improves, the number of red blood cells increases in the blood [Ivanova L.A., Shekhanin V.I., 2013].

Stage 2 - conducting breathing exercises in the gym according to the method of A.N. Strelnikova (3-4 min.).

With the help of breathing exercises, oxygen metabolism in tissues is activated with the functional optimization of the body [Shchetinin M.M. Shchetinin O.S. Kopylova A.N., 2011].

Stage 3 - walking barefoot along wet and massage paths (4-5 minutes), performing exercises on the "coordination ladder" (4-5 minutes).

The foot is one of the key afferent fields of the postural system and, at the same time, its effector link [Novoseltsev S.V., 2009]. Stimulation of receptors in certain areas of the foot causes a specific postural response, called the law of plantar baroreceptors. The foot baroreceptor sensitivity threshold is 300 milligrams. Relatively the highest threshold for receptors located in the heel region [Gurfinkel V.S., Kots Ya.M., Shik M.L., 1965]. Coordination exercises develop dexterity and the ability to act quickly, efficiently, expediently. It is most rational to master new motor actions, to successfully solve motor tasks in changing conditions. [Vanteeva V.L., Kalentieva E.A., Kudryavtseva E.V., 2017].

Stage 4 - exit to the street; dousing the body with cold water (-6-8°C) in an equipped place from 10-liter plastic buckets (30 sec.) (first dousing).

Aimed at training the body's thermoregulation system, preparing for the effects of natural factors under physiological stress [US Pat. No. 2140249 C1, 09/28/1998]. Pouring cold water through irritation of skin receptors activates the work of the posterior lobe of the hypothalamic center for the regulation of heat production, which, in turn, leads to the activation of the sympathetic ANS and the spread of excitation to the pituitary gland. The body's response is primarily the release of hormones of the sympathetic-adrenal system (ACTH, catacholomines, etc.), which is similar to the stress response [Fedyakin A.A., 1997]. Under the influence of hormones and activation of the sympathetic nervous system, a kind of natural vascular gymnastics occurs.

5 - Air procedures (warm-up in the air) (1-2 min.).

A warm-up, consisting of physical exercises, helps to warm up the body [Ageeva U.P., Bondareva E.V., 2016] and switch the parasympathetic department to the work of the sympathetic department of the ANS [Antufiev, 2010; Krivolapchuk, 2011]. Such a “reconfiguration” into a change in the work of the ANS has a trophic effect, which is expressed in the rate of metabolic processes [Abramov, 2004]. Therefore, a warm-up before cold procedures in any weather of the autumn-winter period is an adaptive transition of the body, capable of regulating muscle tone, influencing biochemical and biophysical reactions and metabolic processes occurring at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels.

6 - warming up the body shell in a sauna at a temperature of +60-65°C (10-15 minutes).

The main factor influencing the body in the sauna is heat (hot air, steam). Under the conditions of this environment, there is an effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems: microcirculation, metabolism improves, recovery processes accelerate, sweating increases and excretion of metabolic products (urea, lactic acid, etc.) with sweat, muscle tone decreases, skin functions improve, there is a stimulation of protective mechanisms [Ryzhov A.S., 2017]. The body temperature of a person in such an environment rises to 38-40 ° C and most of the pathogens (bacteria, viruses) die. Also, against the background of the activation of various functions of the body, the blood supply to the brain increases, attention, memory, and mental performance improve [Grigonee Y.Y., Skirene V., Nautskunaite L., 2008].

7 - dousing the body with cold water (-6-8°C) in an equipped place from 10-liter plastic buckets (30 sec.) (second dousing).

As the maximum of urgent adaptation is reached, there is a pause in hardening, but shorter in time, then again the stage of hardening procedures [Abiev Z.A., Klenin N.N., Maslova I.N., 2007]. During water procedures, water performs the following functions: relieving stress, fatigue, relaxation and, as a result, good rest (sleep); activation of the body's defenses [Manuilenko K.E., Gorchakova K.R., Savchuk V.V., 2017].

The essence of the invention proposes a system for selecting adolescents into hardening groups, in the form of a list of certain medical indications that make up the "inclusion" and "non-inclusion" criteria, which is necessary to reduce health risks when conducting a complex of contrast-improving procedures.

The essence of the invention establishes the admission to health-improving procedures before each lesson based on a number of indicators described below and consists of preparation for hardening activities:

1. Admission to health-improving contrasting temperature effects is carried out taking into account: general health (excellent, good, satisfactory); blood pressure measurements before health procedures should be within the limits: systolic 110-136 mm Hg. Art., diastolic 70-86 mm Hg. Art.; heart rate from 55 to 85 beats per minute.

2. Preparation for health-improving contrasting temperature effects is carried out in order to avoid the risks of injury and preserve health: lining the area in front of the sauna with rubber mats; teenagers wear a headdress on their heads - a light hat.

Example:

18 young men aged 15-16 years old were studied: group 1 (n=9) - the usual regime of the school institution was observed; 2nd second (n=9) - complex contrast events were carried out 3 times a week in the morning. The study showed that all the studied parameters of adolescents aged 15-16 were within the normal range. Indicators of VC, left and right dynamometry between the groups during the observation period did not differ statistically.

The determination of body type according to IP showed that in group 1 the body type was “very weak” (1 measurement: 38.06±2.44) and “weak type” (2 measurement 34.28±3.25) (p<0, 05), in adolescents of the 2nd group, a “weak body type” was noted in both measurements. IVV in group 1 was: 0.93±0.02 (1 measurement), 0.90±0.03 (2 measurement); in group 2: 0.85±0.02 (1 measurement); 0.85±0.03 (2 measurements), which indicates a mesomorphic body type. When assessing the AP, it was found that the undergrowths of both groups had "satisfactory adaptation" (1st group: 1st measurement 1.99±0.07, 2nd measurement 1.94±0.05; 2nd group: 1st measurement 2.03±0, 05; 2nd measurement 1.91±0.07). The values of DP in the dynamics of the study indicated the average level of fitness of the heart (group 1: 1 measurement 88.18±4.27, 2 measurement 89.27±3.43; group 2: 1 measurement 82.38±2.76; 2 measurement 78.22±3.52). There was a tendency to increase the functionality of the circulatory system, without disturbing the balance of metabolic processes. The values of VIC (groups 1 and 2) testified to the relative balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic influences of the ANS (group 1: measurement 1 -1.31±5.05, measurement 2 -6.90±6.47; group 2: measurement 1 -2 .27±5.77, 2nd measurement -14.19±3.06). The shift in the 2nd group of VIC (2nd measurement) to parasympathicotonia can be regarded as adaptive reactions that occur in the process of preventive measures. A decrease in the incidence rate by 30% was established in the 2nd group of adolescents, however, no statistical significance was found between the factor and resultant signs (p=0.257).

Thus, it was shown that in a modern educational institution it is effective to carry out preventive measures, which are based on a contrast temperature effect. The results of the study of the influence of the above method indicate that contrast temperature hardening in adolescence should be considered as an integral part of the physical education of children, aimed at improving the body and developing healthy lifestyle skills. The sequence and systematic implementation of tempering recreational activities leads to a decrease in the incidence rate, which is due to the removal of tension in the work of the cardiovascular system.

Sources of information taken into account:

1. Buijze G.A., Sierevelt I.N., van der Heijden B.C.J.M., Dijkgraaf M.G., Frings-Dresen M.H.W. The Effect of Cold Showering on Health and Work: A Randomized Controlled Trial // PLOS ONE. 2018: 13(8);

2. Grevtsova A.Yu., Pavlenko D.A. Hardening of the body // Physical culture and sport in the modern world: problems and solutions. 2017. No. 1. pp. 23-33;

3. Chiglintsev V.M., Privalova A.G. Physiological estimates of the index of functional indicators of the child population of Yugra // Successes of modern science and education. 2016. Vol. 7, No. 12. pp. 152-155;

4. Pronina T.S., Orlova N.I., Rybakov V.P. Circadian rhythm of skin temperature in children during puberty // Human Physiology. 2015. No. 41(2). pp. 74-84;

5. Pat. No. 2462220 C2, 12/07/2010;

6. Pat. No. 2116097 C1, 09/24/1997;

7. Pat. No. 2140249 C1, 09/28/1998;

8. Bobkov G.A., Ioffe A.A., “Conceptual representation of the ontogenesis of the thermoregulation system” // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. 1938, No. 11. S. 38-40;

9. Pat. No. 2462224, 05/05/2011;

10. Pat. No. 2744024, 07/09/2019;

11. Nalimova M.N. The benefits of running in the winter season // Science of the XXI century: current trends in development. 2019. No. 2-2. pp. 145-147;

12. Ivanova L.A., Shekhanin V.I. "Flexible power" as one of the innovative means of psychophysical development of students of a special educational department // Bulletin of the Samara State University of Economics. 2013 No. 6 (104). pp. 50-52;

13. Shchetinin M.M. Shchetinin O.S. Kopylova A.N. Breathing exercises Strelnikova. - M.: Metaphor, 2011. 128 s;

14. Novoseltsev S.V. Introduction to osteopathy. Soft tissue and articular techniques. - FOLIANT Publishing House LLC, 2009;

15. Gurfinkel V.S., Kots Ya.M., Shik M.L. Regulation of human posture. - M.: Nauka, 1965. 200 - 256 s;

16. Vanteeva V.L., Kalent'eva E.A., Kudryavtseva E.V. Development of coordination abilities of children of primary school age with various forms of cerebral palsy (CP). // Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference on the basis of the Elabuga Institute of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University "Formation of physical culture and health culture of students in the context of education modernization." 2017. S. 47-50;

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20. Antufiev, 2010;

21. Krivolapchuk, 2011

22. Abramov, 2004

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Claims (2)

1. The method of complex contrast hardening of adolescents 15-16 years old, characterized in that they run in the fresh air at a temperature not lower than -24 ° C for 7-10 minutes, breathing exercises in the gym according to the method of A.N. Strelnikova for 3-4 minutes, walking barefoot on wet and massage paths for 4-5 minutes and doing exercises on the coordination ladder for 4-5 minutes, go outside and douse the body for the first time with water at a temperature of 6-8 ° C in equipped place from 10-liter plastic buckets for 30 seconds; air procedures with a warm-up in the air for 1-2 minutes, warming up the body in a sauna at a temperature of 60-65 ° C for 10-15 minutes, the second dousing of the body is carried out with water at a temperature of 6-8 ° C in an equipped place of 10-liter plastic buckets for 30 seconds. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they allow for hardening with general health excellent, good or satisfactory; arterial pressure within: systolic 110-136 mm Hg. Art., diastolic 70-86 mm Hg. Art.; heart rate 55-85 beats per minute; at the same time, before hardening, the area in front of the sauna is lined with rubber mats and hats are put on the head.