RU2747745C1 - Road slab - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the manufacture and reconstruction of road and airfield slabs. The road slab is made as a combined one, consisting of an upper concrete layer and a lower layer in the form of a polymer composite slab, which is fastened to the concrete layer through transverse discrete anchors in the form of protrusions or through longitudinal continuous anchors in the form of protrusions, which are fixed on the polymer composite slab and recessed into the concrete layer. Transverse discrete anchors in the form of projections are made in the form of coils or clamps. Continuous anchors in the form of protrusions are made in the form of polymer composite pipes, at least two, laid along the length of the polymer composite plate and fixed on it with clamps, while the polymer composite pipes can be made perforated.

EFFECT: road slab has increased durability and crack resistance when exposed to dynamic and alternating loads by reducing its weight.

7 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the manufacture of road and airfield slabs, and can also be used in the construction and reconstruction of slabs of the roadway of bridges.

Known road slab, made of elastic and bearing layers, and consisting of a cement matrix with small and large aggregate and reinforcing elements (patent for invention No. 2433219 RU, IPC E01C 5/06, 10.11.2011).

However, this road slab has a reduced bearing capacity due to the low rigidity of the layers, as well as fragility due to the fragility of the lower layer when the slab bends from the action of operational loads, especially when exposed to dynamic variable loads, as well as high material consumption and, accordingly, the cost due to the use of additional elastic components ...

It is known the use in road construction of road mats made of composite materials (CDM), in which the road surface is formed by polymer plates (utility model patent No. 131734 RU, IPC E01C 5/00, Composite road mat for roads with collapsible surface, 08/27/2013 ).

At the same time, the plates are made of a polymer composite material, the physical and mechanical characteristics of which provide the requirements for the maximum load - wheel, axial and tracked, as well as for chemical resistance, which ensures their high durability. For the manufacture of slabs that form a composite polymer material, a composite polymer material is used in its physical and mechanical characteristics superior to previously used materials: reinforced concrete and wood, as well as composite fiberglass.

However, such a board has increased flexibility and insufficient rigidity when exposed to high loads, which leads to its only temporary use, which reduces the efficiency of using such boards.

Also known is a monolithic two-layer plate with an upper layer of a polymer composite prefabricated plate with the specified characteristics of increased chemical resistance, increased strength, increased frost resistance and increased wear resistance, connected to the concrete layer with reinforcement anchors (patent for invention No. 2667396 RU, IPC E01C 5/22, Method for constructing a road surface with increased durability, 09/19/2018).

However, such a slab has a reduced bearing capacity due to the low crack resistance of the lower layer when bending the slab from the action of operational loads, a complex manufacturing technology due to the need to manufacture special anchors and separate molding of the prefabricated slab, and also in such a slab the protective functions of the lower concrete layer are not provided, which reduces the efficiency of using the stove, in general.

It is known to use polymer composite reinforcement for reinforcing concrete products, including road slabs (for example, patent for invention No. 2405092 RU, E04B / 500, Composite reinforcement, 11/27/2010). However, the use of polymer composite reinforcement as an anchor element in combination with reinforcement has not been identified.

It is also known to use clamps in construction as fasteners for pipes, cables, etc. (for example, Firedis.com). However, their use as anchoring elements for connecting different layers of building products has not been found.

The closest technical solution is a monolithic two-layer reinforced concrete slab containing a lower and upper slabs and a separating elastic layer (patent for invention No. 2243316 RU, IPC E04B / 500, E01C 3/00, Monolithic two-layer reinforced concrete slab, 27.12.2004).

However, such a slab has a structural complexity, a significant dead weight, as well as a reduced bearing capacity due to insufficient reliability of the connection of the layers and the fragility of the lower layer when the slab bends from the action of operational loads. At the same time, the main initial condition for the durability of the road slab is not fulfilled - this is to ensure the stable rigidity of its lower layer, while allowing the formation of working tensile deformations during bending in it, preventing the development of the process of cracking in concrete and subsequent destruction of the slab, especially by reducing the crack resistance of the slab during dynamic loads and thermal deformations of the lower layer, which reduces the efficiency of using the slab, in general.

The technical objective of the present invention is to create a road slab with increased durability and crack resistance when exposed to dynamic and alternating loads by reducing its weight.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed invention is to increase the bearing capacity and operational reliability of the road slab while reducing its material consumption and cost, as well as increasing the durability, i.e. increase in the service life of the paving slab.

The task and the specified technical result are achieved by the fact that in the road slab, which consists of two layers in the form of lower and upper slabs, the upper layer is made of concrete, the lower layer is in the form of a polymer composite slab, which is fastened to the concrete layer through transverse discrete anchors in the form protrusions that are fixed on a polymer composite plate and recessed into the concrete layer. Also, a road slab, consisting of two layers in the form of a bottom and an upper slab, the top layer is made of concrete, the bottom layer is in the form of a polymer composite slab, which can be fastened to the concrete layer through longitudinal continuous anchors in the form of protrusions, which are fixed on the polymer composite slab and recessed into the concrete layer. Transverse discrete anchors in the form of protrusions are made in the form of coils or clamps. Continuous anchors in the form of protrusions are made in the form of polymer composite pipes, at least two, laid along the length of the polymer composite plate and fixed on it with clamps, while the polymer composite pipes can be made perforated.

The design of the combined road slab, consisting of two bearing layers - the upper concrete and the lower polymer composite, allows:

- to increase crack resistance by making a slab with a lower load-bearing layer of a polymer composite material, which has better deformative properties in comparison with concrete and which undergoes significant tensile deformations during bending of the slab during its loading,

- to reduce the mass of the road slab by replacing the bottom layer of heavy concrete with a layer of lighter polymer composite material,

- to simplify the manufacturing technology by eliminating the operation of forming a polymer composite plate with anchors in the form of protrusions, and to use a ready-made polymer composite plate with anchors in the form of protrusions fixed to it,

- to increase the strength of the road slab by making a polymer composite slab with anchors in the form of protrusions, which allow for stronger bonds with the concrete matrix;

- to increase the corrosion resistance of the road slab through the use of a polymer composite bottom layer of the slab and, accordingly, to exclude direct contact of concrete with the subgrade, and to increase the efficiency of the entire road slab.

The manufacturability of the slab is increased due to the use of ready-made semi-finished products: anchors in the form of protrusions and a lower layer of a polymer composite plate, which reduces the volume of the concrete mixture prepared - consumed for forming the road slab, as well as by eliminating the operation of cleaning the mold pallet.

The execution of the finished polymer composite slab with anchors in the form of protrusions makes it possible to increase the bond strength between two slabs of the upper concrete and lower polymer composite by increasing the shear area of the concrete matrix, which, accordingly, increases the resistance to shear deformations, that is, increases the efficiency of the road slab. In this case, the design of the anchors in the form of protrusions allows to increase the adhesion of the two layers, that is, to increase the strength of the road slab and to exclude the use of additional ties.

The design of continuous anchors in the form of protrusions formed from composite rods increases the rigidity, and, accordingly, the load-bearing capacity of the slab and its load-carrying capacity, which makes it possible to use the road slab for transporting heavier road equipment or for making an airfield slab with increased strength. In addition, it is possible to use in the complex a less durable and, accordingly, cheaper reinforcing mesh, which increases the efficiency of using the claimed technical solution.

The execution of continuous anchors in the form of protrusions of at least two polymer composite pipes, laid along the length of the polymer composite plate, makes it possible to increase its rigidity while reducing weight and to use polymer composite pipes of various diameters.

The use of polymer composite perforated pipes with holes as anchors in the form of protrusions makes it possible to increase the adhesion to the concrete matrix of the lower composite layer of the road slab, which increases its strength.

Execution of anchors in the form of discrete protrusions allows to reduce the mass of the slab and more evenly distribute the load on the concrete matrix, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the road slab.

At the same time, the manufacture of anchors in the form of protrusions, which are coils, makes it possible to more evenly perceive the load, and the use of anchors in the form of protrusions from ready-made clamps makes it possible to simplify the manufacturing technology, as well as to increase the adhesion to the concrete matrix.

The road slab is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a road slab with a lower layer of a polymer composite slab with anchors in the form of protrusions; in fig. 2 - View I; in fig. 3 is a top view of a polymer composite board with continuous transverse anchors in the form of protrusions; in fig. 4 shows the anchor in the form of a protrusion; in fig. 5 is a top view of a polymer composite board with continuous longitudinal projection anchors; in fig. 6 is a top view of a polymer composite board with discrete protrusion anchors; in fig. 7 is a top view of a polymer composite board with discrete ribbed anchors representing coils; in fig. 8 is a view of an anchor in the form of a protrusion representing a coil; in fig. 9 - view of the anchor in the form of a protrusion, which is a clamp; in fig. 10 is a top view of a resin composite board with continuous ribbed anchors formed by composite rods or resin pipes; in fig. 11 - View A; fig. 12 are examples of used cable clamps (eg Firedis.com).

FIG. 1 to FIG. 11 denotes: 1 - polymer composite board; 2 - upper concrete layer; 3 - anchors in the form of protrusions; 4, 5 - profile corners; 6 - strip, 7 - mounting screws; 8 - continuous longitudinal anchors in the form of protrusions; 9 - discrete anchors in the form of protrusions; 10 - anchors in the form of protrusions, which are coils; 11 - anchors in the form of protrusions, which are clamps; 12 - anchors in the form of protrusions, which are longitudinal reinforcing bars; 13 - fastening clamps.

The road slab consists of two layers: a lower layer in the form of a finished polymer composite slab 1 and an upper layer of heavy concrete 2 (Fig. 1). In turn, the polymer composite plate 1 is made with anchors in the form of protrusions 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Anchors in the form of protrusions 3 can be made continuous across the slab (Fig. 3) and made, for example, welded from profile corners 4, 5 and strip 6 (Fig. 4) and fixed, for example, using fastening screws 7 or glue (Fig. . 3).

Also, the anchors in the form of protrusions can be made longitudinal continuous 8, fixed, for example, by means of fastening screws 7 (Fig. 5). In addition, the anchors in the form of protrusions can be discrete 9 (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) in the form of coils 10 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) or in the form of clamps (Fig. 9, Fig. 12).

To strengthen the construction of the road slab, continuous anchors in the form of protrusions are used, which are longitudinal reinforcing bars 11 (Fig. 10), fixed to the polymer composite plate with fastening clamps 12 (Fig. 11).

To reduce the mass and increase the reliability of the connection of the two layers of the road slab, continuous anchors in the form of protrusions can be made in the form of longitudinal polymer composite pipes, including perforated ones.

ширина b, толщина δ, диаметр отверстий и высота анкеров в виде выступов, их шаг t задаются в соответствии с условиями работы дорожной плиты и величины воспринимаемой ею нагрузки.Dimensions of polymer composite board: length

width b, thickness δ, hole diameter and height of the anchors in the form of protrusions, their pitch t are set in accordance with the operating conditions of the road slab and the magnitude of the load it perceives.

The road slab is manufactured and works as follows.

First, a polymer composite slab 1 is made with anchors in the form of protrusions 3 for the lower layer of the road slab (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). To do this, they are fixed on ready-made polymer composite plates (for example, utility model of the Russian Federation No. 152159, IPC: R-TEK slab of modular pavement for collapsible temporary roads and sites, 2015) with specified dimensions and characteristics of increased chemical resistance, increased strength , increased frost resistance and increased wear resistance, transverse anchors in the form of protrusions 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), made, for example, from profile corners (Fig. 4) or in the form of coils (Fig. 8) or in the absence of the possibility of manufacturing anchors in the form of protrusions, it is proposed to use clamps as independent elements for connecting two layers (Fig. 9, Fig. 12), which are attached to the polymer composite plate, for example, using fastening screws 7 or glue.

To obtain a plate of increased strength, at least two longitudinal continuous anchors 8 in the form of protrusions are fixed on the polymer composite plate 1 (Fig. 5).

To reduce the mass of the slab and to obtain the possibility of better distribution and perception of the load, the anchors in the form of protrusions are made discrete (Fig. 6).

To reduce the thickness of the polymer composite plate or to absorb increased dynamic loads, longitudinal continuous anchors are installed in the form of protrusions made of polymer composite reinforcement 11 (Fig. 10, Fig. 11). At the same time, to reduce the mass of the road slab, it is proposed to use anchors in the form of protrusions, which are polymer composite pipes, and in order to increase adhesion to the concrete layer, the pipes can be made perforated - with holes.

The production of a road slab begins with the formation of a road slab in the form of a lower layer, for which a corresponding prepared polymer composite slab is laid with appropriate anchors in the form of protrusions upward. After that, the concrete mixture is loaded and the upper bearing concrete layer is formed by compaction, for example, on a vibrating platform. In the process of vibration, a part of the concrete mix envelops the anchors in the form of protrusions: coils, clamps, polymer composite rods, polymer composite pipes or fills holes in polymer composite pipes. At the same time, the technology of manufacturing a road slab with a polymer composite slab with anchors in the form of protrusions remains the same.

After the road slab has been formed, heat treatment is carried out until the product reaches its stripping strength. The finished paving slab is assembled at the construction site in accordance with the technical regulations.

When a load is applied to the paving slab, in the worst case scenario, the paving slab operation can be viewed as a beam on two supports. However, unlike a conventional paving slab, where the bottom layer is concrete and where significant tensile deformations act, in a combined paving slab, the polymer composite layer will prevent its brittle destruction due to the fact that it has good deformation and strength properties, performing, in fact, the function the second bearing layer, due to which the bearing capacity of the road slab is significantly increased.

In addition, using a polymer composite plate with anchors in the form of protrusions, due to their inclusion in operation when a load is applied, it is possible to significantly increase the strength of the connection between the layers of the plate, which allows to reliably take significant loads, especially dynamic ones.

The load-bearing capacity of the road slab during its loading can be increased by installing longitudinal continuous anchors in the form of protrusions made of polymer composite reinforcement. In this case, both the strength of the bond between the two plates and the rigidity of the road plate are increased. At the same time, the installation of discrete anchors in the form of protrusions allows to reduce the mass of the slab and more evenly distribute the load on the concrete matrix, and, accordingly, increase the bearing capacity of the road slab.

For the perception of more significant loads and to reduce the mass of the road slab, anchors in the form of protrusions are used, which are polymer composite pipes, in particular, perforated. At the same time, the efficiency of the road slab is increased due to the inclusion in the work of a part of the concrete matrix located in the holes of the perforated pipe fixed on the polymer composite slab.

The general structural diagram of the road slab (Fig. 1 - Fig. 3) shows that the main structural elements of the road slab - the upper and lower layers in the form of two slabs are interconnected by anchors in the form of protrusions, taking into account the action of the load and the manufacturability of its manufacture. This is ensured by the possibility of using a ready-made polymer composite board as a lower bearing layer. Therefore, the proposed road slab is structurally combined and can work more efficiently than the known concrete two-layer monolithic slab, since the entire structure provides the ability to absorb higher loads, including dynamic ones. At the same time, the manufacturability of the main operations for the manufacture of the road slab increases, the mass of the slab decreases, and the corrosion resistance of the road slab increases due to the exclusion of direct contact of concrete with the subgrade.

It is especially effective to use the proposed technical solution for the construction of temporary helipads, roads and airfields in difficult natural and climatic conditions of construction.

The road slab was made in the form of a model in the construction laboratory of the Department of Construction Control Systems of TvGTU and showed, during testing, increased operational characteristics, as well as the possibility of its manufacture, both in factory conditions and in real construction conditions.

Claims (7)

1. A road slab consisting of two layers in the form of a lower and an upper slab, characterized in that the upper layer is made of concrete, the lower layer is in the form of a polymer composite slab, which is fastened to the concrete layer through transverse discrete anchors in the form of protrusions, which are fixed on polymer composite plate and recessed into the concrete layer 2. The road slab of claim. 1, characterized in that the discrete anchors in the form of protrusions are made in the form of coils. 3. The road slab according to claim 1, characterized in that the discrete anchors in the form of protrusions are made in the form of clamps. 4. Road slab, consisting of two layers in the form of bottom and top slabs, characterized in that the top layer is made of concrete, the bottom layer is in the form of a polymer composite slab, which is fastened to the concrete layer through longitudinal continuous anchors in the form of protrusions, which are fixed on polymer composite plate and recessed into the concrete layer. 5. The road slab according to claim 4, characterized in that the continuous anchors in the form of protrusions are made of polymer composite reinforcing rods, at least two, laid along the length of the polymer composite slab and fixed on it with clamps 6. The road slab according to claim 4, characterized in that the continuous anchors in the form of protrusions are made of polymer composite pipes, at least two, laid along the length of the polymer composite slab and fixed to it with clamps. 7. The road slab according to claim 6, characterized in that the continuous anchors in the form of protrusions are perforated.

Images