CN109338885A - There are the bridge deck pavement structure and its construction method of transition of stress layer - Google Patents
There are the bridge deck pavement structure and its construction method of transition of stress layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109338885A CN109338885A CN201811323214.7A CN201811323214A CN109338885A CN 109338885 A CN109338885 A CN 109338885A CN 201811323214 A CN201811323214 A CN 201811323214A CN 109338885 A CN109338885 A CN 109338885A
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- prefabricated board
- bridge deck
- transition
- steel
- concrete prefabricated
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
- E01D19/125—Grating or flooring for bridges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
- E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of bridge deck pavement structures for having transition of stress layer, including steel bridge deck, the transition of stress layer, wearing course being successively laid with from bottom to top, the transition of stress layer includes concrete cast-in-situ layer and its internal steel mesh, the steel bridge deck is made of sagging moment region and hogging moment region, several pieces of assembled concrete prefabricated boards are arranged at intervals on the steel bridge deck in sagging moment region, the reinforcing bar of assembly concrete prefabricated board surrounding binds or welded with steel mesh.This has the simple structure of the bridge deck pavement structure of transition of stress layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bridge deck pavement structure for having transition of stress layer and its construction methods, belong to bridge deck structure skill
Art research field.
Background technique
Paving steel bridge deck is one of the key technology of large-span steel beam bridge construction, is constantly subjected to domestic and international academia and engineering
The great attention and concern on boundary.By nearly engineering construction in 30 years, the country is completed large number of big-span steel bridge, China's steel
Deck paving technology also achieves significant progress.Country's paving steel bridge deck has formd epoxy asphalt concrete, casting at present
The situation a variety of pavement materials such as formula bituminous concrete and modified asphalt SMA concrete and deposited, wherein epoxy asphalt concrete by
In having the advantages that intensity is high, stability is good, meets domestic summer high temperature and the big use condition of vehicle flowrate, obtained extensively in China
General application.
Paving steel bridge deck is relatively special, and pave-load layer is different from general road and mats formation engineering thereon, since steel is good heat
Conductor, pave-load layer temperature can with steel plate variation of ambient temperature effect under and occur round the clock or it is seasonal it is (rapid) rise or (rapid)
Drop, caused temperature gradient stress is larger, furthermore paving steel bridge deck also by vehicular load (especially heavy duty, overloaded vehicle),
The coupling of the natural causes such as the warm and humid alternating of wind load, environment, so that Steel Bridge Deck Pavement stress is extremely complex.Although existing
Pavement material performance has obtained preferable improvement, but steel bridge deck excessive bending deformation, pave-load layer partial delamination occurs and pushes away
Shifting destroys, vertically and horizontally the diseases case such as Crack failure, Rutting damage, pit slot destruction is constantly found in engineering practice, especially
It is more significant in large-span steel structural bridge structure.
Currently, in terms of laying particular emphasis on pavement material and paving structure to the research of paving steel bridge deck, such as it is further improved paving
The material property, optimization pave-load layer thickness, improvement steel bridge panel structure etc. of mixture are filled, these are to pavement material and its knot
Structure itself resists the research of bridge floor complex stress, can not solve steel bridge deck and abrasion under complex stress condition from substantial
Between layer because stiffness and strength difference it is big caused by deformation, the problems such as interlayer stress difference of mating formation is larger；In addition existing
Deck paving majority is constructed using integral cast-in-situ, for large area cast-in-place concrete, is also easy to produce shrinkage cracking, it is difficult to increase maintenance
Degree can effectively solve the problems, such as contraction using precast slab, improve construction efficiency, but there are still with steel bridge deck interfacial adhesion
The problems such as intensity is weaker.
Therefore, face steel construction deck paving complicated applied force characteristic, make full use of existing pavement material excellent performance and
On the basis of paving structure optimization, mat formation effective transition of inter-laminar stress and the selection of paving steel bridge deck form of construction work are rationally carried out
It is particularly important.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of steel for having transition of stress layer
Deck installation structure and its construction method, are not only simple in structure, and convenient and efficient.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that a kind of paving steel bridge deck for having transition of stress layer
Structure, including steel bridge deck, the transition of stress layer, wearing course being successively laid with from bottom to top, the transition of stress layer includes coagulation
Native in-situ layer and its internal steel mesh, the steel bridge deck are made of sagging moment region and hogging moment region, sagging moment region
Be arranged at intervals with several pieces of assembled concrete prefabricated boards on steel bridge deck, the reinforcing bar of assembly concrete prefabricated board surrounding with
Steel mesh binding or welding.
Preferably, the steel mesh is intersected to reinforcing bar and direction across bridge reinforcing bar from vertical bridge and binds or be welded to form.
Preferably, the surrounding of the assembly concrete prefabricated board is contacted with concrete cast-in-situ layer, the assembled coagulation
The top surface of native prefabricated board is contacted with the bottom surface of wearing course.
Preferably, the inside of the concrete cast-in-situ layer is additionally provided with several WELDING STUDSs, several WELDING STUDSs are along vertical bridge
To uniformly distributed with direction across bridge, the WELDING STUDS bottom end is welded with the top surface of steel bridge deck.
Preferably, it is bonded between assembly concrete prefabricated board bottom surface and steel bridge deck top surface through water-proof adhesive.
A kind of construction method for the bridge deck pavement structure having transition of stress layer, sequentially includes the following steps: (1) steel construction master
Beam and steel bridge deck construction: the production of steel construction girder and installation, and anticorrosive coating processing is carried out to steel bridge deck top surface；(2) it fills
It is divided with formula concrete prefabricated board laying work area: force analysis being carried out to steel construction girder, is specified positive and negative suffered by steel construction girder
Moment of flexure region carries out assembly concrete prefabricated board laying work area classifying rationally to sagging moment region；(3) assembly concrete is pre-
Making sheet is prefabricated: determining assembly concrete prefabricated board according to the assembly concrete prefabricated board laying work area size of steel bridge deck
Prefabrication size, assembly concrete prefabricated board template installation, binds assembly concrete prefabricated board reinforcing bar, and assembly concrete is pre-
Arrange that vertical bridge is to reinforcing bar and direction across bridge reinforcing bar is stretched out from the assembly concrete prefabricated board surrounding and there are enough in making sheet
The lap of splice, casting concrete are simultaneously conserved；(4) assembly concrete prefabricated board is installed: pre- in the assembly concrete
The steel bridge deck top surface that making sheet is laid in region is first laid with water-proof adhesive, and assembly concrete prefabricated board is then hoisted to finger
Accurate installation is set in positioning, it is ensured that water-proof adhesive is contacted with assembly concrete prefabricated board, is not come to nothing, unsticking phenomenon；(5)
Concrete cast-in-situ layer construction: weld WELDING STUDS in concrete cast-in-situ region, bind cast-in-place region steel mesh and by welding or
The reinforcing bar that the mode of binding is stretched out with assembly concrete prefabricated board is attached, then carries out cast-in-place region concreting, is made
It obtains assembly concrete prefabricated board and cast-in-place region forms whole transition of stress layer, finally cast-in-place region concrete is supported
Shield；(6) wearing course is constructed: directly being overlayed wearing course to transition of stress layer top surface, and is conserved to wearing course, completes to apply
Work.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the bridge deck pavement structure for having transition of stress layer
Simple structure, by the way that transition of stress layer is arranged steel bridge deck is mated formation reasonable stress, rigidity, intensity smooth transition, effectively
Avoid girder and steel bridge deck mated formation the generation of disease, by it is prefabricated and it is cast-in-place combine in a manner of to reduce large area concrete cast-in-place
Larger contraction is generated, construction efficiency is improved, is suitble to batch production batch prefabricated and assembled rapid construction, there is great applicable valence
Value and good economic benefit.
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the organigram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the foregoing features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, special embodiment below, and cooperate attached drawing, make detailed
Carefully it is described as follows.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, a kind of bridge deck pavement structure having transition of stress layer, including the steel being successively laid with from bottom to top
Floorings 1, transition of stress layer 2, wearing course 3, the transition of stress layer include concrete cast-in-situ layer 4 and its internal steel mesh 5, institute
It states steel bridge deck to be made of sagging moment region and hogging moment region, several pieces is arranged at intervals on the steel bridge deck in sagging moment region
Assembly concrete prefabricated board 6, the reinforcing bar of assembly concrete prefabricated board surrounding bind or are welded with steel mesh.
In embodiments of the present invention, transition of stress layer is between steel bridge deck and wearing course, the rigidity that has and strong
Degree can ensure that stress suffered by steel construction girder top surface is equal to wearing course by steel bridge deck between steel bridge deck and wearing course
Even transition；There is the bridge deck pavement structure of transition of stress layer, because the difference of steel structure bridge structure type or supporting form makes
Girder is along indulging bridge to perhaps mating formation for hogging moment therefore steel bridge deck will be located at the sagging moment or hogging moment of girder there are sagging moment
Region, the steel bridge deck positioned at girder sagging moment region bear compression, and the steel bridge deck positioned at girder hogging moment region is born
Tensile stress.
In embodiments of the present invention, the steel mesh is intersected binding or welding from vertical bridge to reinforcing bar and direction across bridge reinforcing bar
Composition.
In embodiments of the present invention, the surrounding of the assembly concrete prefabricated board is contacted with concrete cast-in-situ layer, described
The top surface of assembly concrete prefabricated board is contacted with the bottom surface of wearing course.
In embodiments of the present invention, the inside of the concrete cast-in-situ layer is additionally provided with several WELDING STUDSs 7, several are cut
Power nail along vertical bridge to uniformly distributed with direction across bridge, weld with the top surface of steel bridge deck by the WELDING STUDS bottom end.
In embodiments of the present invention, viscous through waterproof between assembly concrete prefabricated board bottom surface and steel bridge deck top surface
The knot bonding of agent 8 forms overall structure.
A kind of construction method for the bridge deck pavement structure having transition of stress layer, sequentially includes the following steps: (1) steel construction master
Beam and steel bridge deck construction: the production of steel construction girder and installation, and anticorrosive coating processing is carried out to steel bridge deck top surface；(2) it fills
It is divided with formula concrete prefabricated board laying work area: force analysis being carried out to steel construction girder, is specified positive and negative suffered by steel construction girder
Moment of flexure region carries out assembly concrete prefabricated board laying work area classifying rationally to sagging moment region；(3) assembly concrete is pre-
Making sheet is prefabricated: determining assembly concrete prefabricated board according to the assembly concrete prefabricated board laying work area size of steel bridge deck
Prefabrication size, assembly concrete prefabricated board template installation, binds assembly concrete prefabricated board reinforcing bar, and assembly concrete is pre-
Arrange that vertical bridge is to reinforcing bar and direction across bridge reinforcing bar is stretched out from the assembly concrete prefabricated board surrounding and there are enough in making sheet
The lap of splice, casting concrete are simultaneously conserved；(4) assembly concrete prefabricated board is installed: pre- in the assembly concrete
The steel bridge deck top surface that making sheet is laid in region is first laid with water-proof adhesive, and assembly concrete prefabricated board is then hoisted to finger
Accurate installation is set in positioning, it is ensured that water-proof adhesive is contacted with assembly concrete prefabricated board, is not come to nothing, unsticking phenomenon；(5)
Concrete cast-in-situ layer construction: weld WELDING STUDS in concrete cast-in-situ region, bind cast-in-place region steel mesh and by welding or
The reinforcing bar that the mode of binding is stretched out with assembly concrete prefabricated board is attached, then carries out cast-in-place region concreting, is made
It obtains assembly concrete prefabricated board and cast-in-place region forms whole transition of stress layer, finally cast-in-place region concrete is supported
Shield；(6) wearing course is constructed: directly being overlayed wearing course to transition of stress layer top surface, and is conserved to wearing course, completes to apply
Work.Make paving steel bridge deck reasonable stress by the way that transition of stress layer is arranged, rigidity, intensity smooth transition, effectively avoid girder with
The generation of paving steel bridge deck disease, by it is prefabricated and it is cast-in-place combine in a manner of reduce that large area concrete is cast-in-place to generate larger receipts
Contracting improves construction efficiency, is suitble to the prefabricated and assembled rapid construction of batch production batch, with great applied value and good
Economic benefit.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, anyone can show that other are each under the inspiration of the present invention
The bridge deck pavement structure and its construction method for having transition of stress layer of kind form.It is all to be done according to scope of the present invention patent
Equivalent changes and modifications are all covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of bridge deck pavement structure for having transition of stress layer, it is characterised in that: including the steel bridge being successively laid with from bottom to top
Panel, transition of stress layer, wearing course, the transition of stress layer include concrete cast-in-situ layer and its internal steel mesh, the steel bridge
Panel is made of sagging moment region and hogging moment region, and several pieces of assembleds are arranged at intervals on the steel bridge deck in sagging moment region
Concrete prefabricated board, the reinforcing bar of assembly concrete prefabricated board surrounding bind or are welded with steel mesh.
2. the bridge deck pavement structure according to claim 1 for having transition of stress layer, it is characterised in that: the steel mesh by
Vertical bridge intersects to reinforcing bar and direction across bridge reinforcing bar to be bound or is welded to form.
3. the bridge deck pavement structure according to claim 1 for having transition of stress layer, it is characterised in that: the assembled is mixed
The surrounding of solidifying soil prefabricated board is contacted with concrete cast-in-situ layer, the top surface of the assembly concrete prefabricated board and the bottom surface of wearing course
Contact.
4. the bridge deck pavement structure according to claim 1 for having transition of stress layer, it is characterised in that: the concrete is existing
The inside for pouring layer is additionally provided with several WELDING STUDSs, and bridge is indulged to, the shearing uniformly distributed with direction across bridge in several WELDING STUDSs edge
Bottom end is followed closely to weld with the top surface of steel bridge deck.
5. the bridge deck pavement structure according to claim 1 for having transition of stress layer, it is characterised in that: the assembled is mixed
It is bonded between solidifying soil prefabricated board bottom surface and steel bridge deck top surface through water-proof adhesive.
6. a kind of construction method for the bridge deck pavement structure for having transition of stress layer, which is characterized in that using such as claim 1-5
Any bridge deck pavement structure for having transition of stress layer, and sequentially include the following steps: (1) steel construction girder and steel bridge
Panel construction: the production of steel construction girder and installation, and anticorrosive coating processing is carried out to steel bridge deck top surface；(2) assembled coagulation
Native prefabricated board laying work area divides: carrying out force analysis to steel construction girder, specifies positive and negative moment of flexure area suffered by steel construction girder
Domain carries out assembly concrete prefabricated board laying work area classifying rationally to sagging moment region；(3) assembly concrete prefabricated board is pre-
System: the prefabricated ruler of assembly concrete prefabricated board is determined according to the assembly concrete prefabricated board laying work area size of steel bridge deck
Very little, assembly concrete prefabricated board template is installed, binding assembly concrete prefabricated board reinforcing bar, in assembly concrete prefabricated board
Arrange that vertical bridge is stretched out to reinforcing bar and direction across bridge reinforcing bar from the assembly concrete prefabricated board surrounding and there are enough overlap joint length
Degree, casting concrete are simultaneously conserved；(4) assembly concrete prefabricated board is installed: in the assembly concrete prefabricated board cloth
If the steel bridge deck top surface in region is first laid with water-proof adhesive, assembly concrete prefabricated board is then hoisted to designated position
Precisely installation, it is ensured that water-proof adhesive is contacted with assembly concrete prefabricated board, is not come to nothing, unsticking phenomenon；(5) concrete
In-situ layer construction: weld WELDING STUDS in concrete cast-in-situ region, bind cast-in-place region steel mesh and by welding or binding
The reinforcing bar that mode is stretched out with assembly concrete prefabricated board is attached, then carries out cast-in-place region concreting, so that assembly
Formula concrete prefabricated board and cast-in-place region form whole transition of stress layer, finally conserve to cast-in-place region concrete；(6)
Wearing course construction: directly overlaying wearing course to transition of stress layer top surface, and conserve to wearing course, completes construction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811323214.7A CN109338885B (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2018-11-08 | Steel bridge deck pavement structure with stress transition layer and construction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811323214.7A CN109338885B (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2018-11-08 | Steel bridge deck pavement structure with stress transition layer and construction method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109338885A true CN109338885A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN109338885B CN109338885B (en) | 2021-06-18 |
Family
ID=65314136
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811323214.7A Active CN109338885B (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2018-11-08 | Steel bridge deck pavement structure with stress transition layer and construction method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN109338885B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112921812A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 太仓市路桥工程有限公司 | Bridge construction method |
| CN113529569A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-22 | 中国建筑第五工程局有限公司 | Double-deck slab structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114808680A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏中路工程技术研究院有限公司 | Open rib steel bridge deck pavement structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN205012222U (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-03 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Steel deck pavement structure |
| CN105648909A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-08 | 湖南工业大学 | Fabricated combined bridge deck structure provided with grid type connector and construction method thereof |
| CN106638289A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-05-10 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Steel bridge deck expansion joint concrete paving structure and construction method thereof |
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2018
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| CN102383374A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-03-21 | 湖南大学 | Fabricated fibrous concrete combined deck structure and construction method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112921812A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 太仓市路桥工程有限公司 | Bridge construction method |
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| CN113529569A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-22 | 中国建筑第五工程局有限公司 | Double-deck slab structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114808680A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏中路工程技术研究院有限公司 | Open rib steel bridge deck pavement structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114808680B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-27 | 江苏中路工程技术研究院有限公司 | Open rib steel bridge deck pavement structure and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109338885B (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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