RU2738492C1 - Pol refueling truck - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of providing in field conditions filling of equipment with combustive-lubricating materials, in particular, fuel and oil. Automatic fuel tank is equipped with a basic chassis, on which a tank with a filler neck, a fuel pump, counters of the dispensed product are mounted, cases with suction-suction hoses, rear process compartment with fittings and shutoff-control equipment, hydraulic drive, oil compartment with hydraulic drive tank and at least one oil storage tank for refueling equipment, pipelines, filters, control and measuring devices, electrical equipment, fire extinguishing means, earthing devices. Hydraulic drive tank and oil storage tank for refueling of equipment are combined into a single reservoir, into the oil system a heating system is integrated with at least two throttles and at least one hydraulic distributor, oil compartment contains at least one pump to supply oil to the throttle heater and at least one pump for filling the equipment and for the hydraulic drive, both pumps driven by the basic engine. Hydraulic drive ensures operation of the fuel pump.

EFFECT: possibility of operation at low temperatures, use of a hydraulic drive for operation of a fuel pump, possibility of heating the medium in a third-party container.

10 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a means of providing in the field of refueling equipment with fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants), in particular, fuel and oil. The auto-oil refueling machine is designed for transportation, short-term storage, refueling of equipment and small ships with fuel, taking into account the issued quantity, as well as turbine and engine oil, heated in case of low ambient temperatures, taking into account the issued quantity.

There are a lot of auto-fuel and oil refuelers, basically arranged according to the same scheme: one tank on a chassis of high cross-country ability, divided into several sections, in each of which a certain type of fuel and lubricants can be stored and transported. Such auto-fuel and oil refuelers include, for example, the products of Ural Plant of Special Equipment LLC (https://uzst.ru/tech/avtoczisterny/avtotoplivomaslozapravshhik). Dividing one tank into several compartments allows you to transport up to four different types of fuels and lubricants at once. Each compartment is equipped with an autonomous dispensing unit, a pistol and a flow meter, which allows you to simultaneously service four different cars or refuel one car simultaneously with 4 types of fuels and lubricants.

A more sophisticated (multifunctional) autofuel-oil refueling machine is known from the CN 201442538U patent. At least a washing system is added to the scheme disclosed above.

All the abovementioned autofuel and oil servicing trucks are not adapted to work in low temperatures (up to minus 50 ° С). Optionally, it is possible to install a driver's cab heater. The sectional design of the tank is not very suitable for the implementation of an oil heating system in combination with the simultaneous filling of several units of equipment.

As a prototype, an auto-refueling truck (RU 156486U1) was chosen, equipped with a base chassis, on which a tank with a filler neck, breathing valves, an air filter, a sump and a level gauge, a pump driven by a base engine and the possibility of using an autonomous engine, a filter-water separator, fuel, left canister and right canister with pressure-suction hoses, rear technological compartment with fittings and shut-off and control equipment, pipelines, instrumentation, electrical equipment, fire extinguishing equipment, grounding devices, in which two side boxes with two drums are additionally introduced for dispensing hoses equipped with dispensing cranes and a rear technological compartment with eight drums for dispensing hoses equipped with dispensing cranes, the front cabinet is located between the driver's cab and the tank, equipped with a tank for a hydraulic drive for winding drums and twenty-five canisters placed in it for I transport liquids, winding of sleeves on the drum is carried out using a hydraulic drive.

It is essential that this auto-fueling station provides a cabinet (compartment) with a tank for a hydraulic drive and containers for transporting liquids (oil). The disadvantage of the technical solution is that the containers are canisters for, in fact, manual oil filling, and the hydraulic drive is used exclusively to drive the drums of the dispensing hoses. And like its counterparts, the refueller is not adapted to use at low temperatures.

The objective of the invention was to eliminate the above disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result from the use of the invention is the ability to work at temperatures up to minus 50 ° C, the use of a hydraulic drive for the operation of the fuel pump, the possibility of heating the medium in a third-party container, a high degree of automation.

The specified task is solved by an autofuel-oil dispenser equipped with a base chassis on which a tank with a filler neck, a fuel pump, meters of the issued product, canisters with pressure-suction hoses, a rear technological compartment with fittings and shut-off and control equipment, a hydraulic drive, an oil compartment with a tank for hydraulic drive are mounted and at least one tank for storing oil for refueling equipment, pipelines, filters, instrumentation, electrical equipment, fire extinguishing means, grounding devices, in which, according to the invention, a tank for a hydraulic drive and a tank for storing oil for refueling equipment are combined into a single tank, a heating system with at least two throttles and one hydraulic valve is integrated into the oil system, the oil compartment contains at least one pump for supplying oil to the throttle heater and one pump for filling equipment and for hydraulic drive, both pumps are driven by the base engine , etc and the hydraulic drive ensures the operation of the fuel pump.

Based on the problems facing the invention, it is advisable to make the oil compartment thermally insulated.

The auto-fuel oil filler can also be made with the possibility of heating the medium in a third-party container.

The auto-fuel oil dispenser may also contain a system of interlocks, signaling devices that turn off technological operations and signal at least in the following cases: when the limit levels of fuel values in the tank are reached; with a clogged filter; upon reaching the maximum permissible temperature of the heated oil; at the minimum permissible oil level in the oil tank; in the presence of water in fuel intended for refueling equipment.

It is also preferable to install a system of forced locking of the chassis wheels during technological operations.

It is advisable to equip the control of technological operations from both the fuel and oil compartments with an emergency engine stop system.

The increase in the level of automation is completed by an automatic control system for fuels and lubricants, capable of monitoring and accounting for receiving and issuing operations, with the formation of a report, including through a wireless data transmission device.

Automation can be configured using a known material and technical base (sensors, actuators, etc.) and original software.

For additional protection, the autofuel-oil dispenser can be equipped with an awning module.

It is also advisable to use the developments known from the prior art: ensuring the possibility of pumping fuels and lubricants from one tank to another, bypassing their own tanks (achieved by using additional pipelines, shutoff and control valves); organization of a place for placing at least six canisters with a volume of at least 20 liters each for storing an additional volume of fuels and lubricants.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of an autofuel and oil dispenser.

FIG. 2 shows a general process flow diagram (oil and fuel systems).

FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the passage of oil through the throttles (heating process).

FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the passage of oil to ensure the operation of the hydraulic motor (hydraulic drive).

FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the passage of oil heated to the required temperature through a connected heat exchanger for heating a third-party tank.

The auto-fuel and oil dispenser is equipped with a base chassis 1 (for example, an off-road vehicle KamAZ-65224 modified), on which a tank 2 with a filler neck, a fuel pump 3, counters of the dispensed product (not positioned), canisters 4 with pressure-suction hoses, rear (fuel ) technological compartment 5 with fittings and shut-off and control equipment (not positioned), insulated oil compartment 6 (insulation not shown) with capacity 7 (oil tank), pipelines, filters, instrumentation, electrical equipment, fire extinguishing means, grounding devices ( not positioned). The heating system includes three throttles 8 (preferred number of throttles) and a hydraulic valve 9, a pump 10 for supplying oil to a throttle heater (valve 9 and throttles 8), a pump 11, the line of which is configured to direct the oil flow (through hydraulic valve 12 and corresponding fittings) for delivery to an external consumer (through the delivery unit 13), to the hydraulic motor 14 and to the oil tank 7 through an additional throttle 15. Pumps 10 and 11 are driven from the base engine through power take-offs, 16 and 17, respectively. The layout of the fuel compartment 5 allows refueling up to four pieces of equipment simultaneously by means of dispensing pistols 18.

If necessary, a heat exchanger 19 can be connected to the oil system to heat up a third-party tank (Fig. 5).

All equipment is covered with an awning module 20 to mask the autofuel and oil filler, as well as to protect it from adverse weather conditions.

Standard designations on the diagrams:

B1 - drum of the oil supply system; BRS1 - quick-disconnect connection for receiving and dispensing fuel through pressure-suction hoses DN 75; BRS2 - quick-release connection for fuel delivery; ГМШ50 - gear hydraulic motor; ДКн - fuel intake bottom valve; DKs - bottom fuel drain valve; DR1 ... DR4 - chokes; NSh50, NSh100 - gear pump; KOM1, KOM2 - power take-off boxes; KP - safety valve; Р1 - hydraulic valve for direction of oil flow from pump NSh50; P2 - hydraulic valve to direct the oil flow from the NSh100 pump; RP1 ... RP4 - dispensing pistols; SZh - liquid meter; SSHN-80/1200 - fuel pump; FTK-18M - oil filter; FTK-45 - fuel filter.

The auto-fuel oil filler works as follows.

The thickened oil in the oil tank 7 at a negative ambient temperature (up to minus 50 ° C) is subjected to forced circulation by means of pump 10 a system of throttles 8 (in Fig. 3, the movement of oil is shown by arrows), as the temperature increases, the oil pressure at the inlet to the throttle assembly begins fall. To maintain the required pressure and heating rate, throttles 8 are sequentially disconnected by means of hydraulic valve 9. The use of exactly three chokes 8 is a reasonable compromise in terms of the required drive power, oil heating time and oil temperature / pressure ratio.

The following is a calculation of the required heating power and oil heating time.

Oil tank volume V = 500 l = 0.5 m ³ .

The density of the oil c = 900 kg / m ³ .

Specific heat c = 1.9 kJ / (kg K).

Tactical and technical characteristics of an autofuel-oil-filling machine:

heating time T = 1 min = 60 s;

temperature change Dt = 2 ° K.

Oil mass in oil tank:

.

...

Energy required to heat 450 kg of oil by 2є:

.

...

Power required to heat 450 kg of oil by 2є in 1 min (60 s):

.

...

Energy required to heat 450 kg of oil from minus 23 ° C to 50 ° C:

.

...

Estimated warm-up time at input power P = 28.5 kW:

Net pump power:

,

,

where Np is the useful power of the pump, W;

Р - working pressure, max 16 MPa;

Q - consumption, m ³ / s.

Pump drive speed n = 1600 rpm (with the gear ratio from the PTO shaft to the engine crankshaft equal to one):

,

,

where n is the speed, rpm,

Vn - working volume, cm ³ .

Q = 1600 100 = 160 000 cm ³ / min = 160 l / min = 0.0026 m ³ / s

Nп = 16 10 ⁶ 0.0026 = 41600 W = 41.6 kW

The pressure drop across the throttle is defined as:

Δp = Δt s C m,

where Δt is the increase in oil temperature;

с - oil density, 900 kg / m ³ ;

С - specific heat capacity, for oil 1.9 kJ / (kg · K);

m is the mechanical equivalent of heat (in SI m = 1).

Let us consider the calculation of the pressure loss when sequentially disconnecting the throttles when the corresponding Δt is reached in the temperature range from minus 30 ° C to 50 ° C:

Δp = ₁ · 80 · 900 1.9 · 1 = 119 700 kg / m ² ~ 1.2 MPa,

Δp = ₂ · 40 · 900 1.9 · 1 = 68400 kg / m ² ~ 0.7 MPa,

Δp ₃ = 20 900 1.9 1 = 34200 kg / m ² ~ 0.3 MPa.

Choke power loss is defined as:

ΔN = Δp Q,

ΔN ₁ = 1.2 10 ⁶ 0.0026 = 3120 W ~ 3.1 kW,

ΔN ₂ = 0.7 10 ⁶ 0.0026 = 1820 W ~ 1.8 kW,

ΔN ₃ = 0.3 10 ⁶ 0.0026 = 780 W ~ 0.8 kW.

Taking into account the fact that three chokes are used in this system, then the losses ΔN are added to the calculated power required to heat 450 kg of oil.

,

,

Thus, the useful power of the pump, taking into account losses, is sufficient to ensure the specified parameters of the heating rate.

The calculated data have been confirmed experimentally during factory and state tests of the ATMZ-7-65224 prototype.

The prototype ATMZ-7-65224 in the course of state tests on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "3 Central Research Institute" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation underwent an assessment of its performance under conditions and after exposure to climatic environmental factors, namely exposure at a temperature of minus 50 ° C for 12 hours. at minus 50 ° С, the oil temperature in the oil tank was minus 23 ° С. The warm-up time to plus 50 ° С was 43 minutes, which is consistent with the calculated data with an acceptable error.

When the required temperature is reached (max. 50 ° C), the throttle assembly is disabled. Further, the necessary operations are carried out, for example, through the unit 13, the pump 11 can deliver oil to external consumers. Pump 11 and throttle 14 can be used as an additional stage for oil heating. The hydraulic motor 14 can be used to drive a fuel pump (in Fig. 4, the movement of oil is shown by arrows), which saves on maintenance of the hydraulic drive, since the oil is constantly updated and reduces the range of used fuels and lubricants. The direction of oil flow is regulated, in this case, by hydraulic valve 12.

It is also possible to heat up a third-party container if you connect the claimed device to the corresponding external heat exchanger 19, that is, start the circulation of oil through this heat exchanger (in Fig. 5, the movement of oil is shown by arrows).

In general, the autofuel-oil dispenser allows (taking into account the typical, standard equipment) to carry out the following functions:

- transportation and short-term storage of the product in a tank;

- filling the tank with its own pump;

- filling the tank with a third-party pump by lower and upper methods;

- mixing the product in the tank;

- pumping the product from one container to another, bypassing its own tank;

- emptying the tank with its own pump;

- emptying the tank by gravity;

- product dispensing from the pressure-suction and dispensing hoses;

- refueling of armored vehicles from their own tank, cleaned of contamination with fuel, in an open way;

- heating the oil in the oil tank;

- heating the oil in a third-party container;

- filling the oil tank with its own pump;

- emptying the oil tank with its own pump;

- filling with heated oil, cleaned from contamination.

Claims (10)

1. An auto-fuel oil filler equipped with a base chassis on which a tank with a filler neck, a fuel pump, meters of the dispensed product, canisters with pressure-suction hoses, a rear technological compartment with fittings and shut-off and control equipment, a hydraulic drive, an oil compartment with a tank for hydraulic drive and at least one tank for storing oil for refueling equipment, pipelines, filters, instrumentation, electrical equipment, fire extinguishing means, grounding devices, characterized in that the tank for the hydraulic drive and the tank for storing oil for refueling equipment are combined into a single tank, in oil system, a heating system with at least two throttles and one hydraulic valve is integrated, the oil compartment contains at least one pump for supplying oil to the throttle heater and one pump for refueling equipment and for a hydraulic drive driven from the base engine, while the hydraulic drive ensures the operation of the fuel pump. 2. The auto-fuel oil-filling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil compartment is thermally insulated. 3. The auto-fuel oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of heating the medium in a third-party container. 4. The auto-fuel oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains a system of interlocks and alarms that turn off technological operations and signal at least in the following cases: when the limit levels of fuel values in the tank are reached, when the filter is clogged, when the maximum permissible temperature of the heated oil, at the minimum permissible oil level in the oil tank, in the presence of water in the fuel intended for refueling equipment. 5. The auto-fuel-oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a system of forced blocking of the chassis wheels during technological operations. 6. The auto-fuel oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control of technological operations from both the fuel and oil compartments is equipped with an engine emergency stop system. 7. The auto-fuel-oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an automatic control system for fuels and lubricants, capable of monitoring and recording them when receiving and issuing operations, with the formation of a report, including through wireless data transmission devices. 8. The auto-fuel oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an awning module. 9. The auto-fuel-oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of pumping fuel and lubricants from one container to another, bypassing its own containers. 10. The auto-fuel-oil-filling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a place is arranged in the oil compartment for accommodating at least six canisters with a volume of at least 20 liters each.

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