RU2736222C1 - Agricultural products grinder from vegetal raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Disclosed is a grinder of agricultural products from vegetal raw materials, comprising a housing and an electric motor with a disc fixed on its shaft by means of a nut, which is made in the form of a perforated conical plate and coaxially with it an installed branch pipe in its inner cavity. At that, the branch pipe is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, the lower part of which contains a corrugated perforated deck, and the disk is equipped with a hemispherical perforated element containing a corrugated manifold in its lower part, which is conjugated with the disk, and located in the internal cavity of the branch pipe.

EFFECT: grinder ensures expansion of technological and operational capabilities with simultaneous improvement of reliability of grinding process and intensity of process of extraction of nutrients from raw material.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of technological processes for processing and processing agricultural products.

Known disc grinder of root tubers, which contains a receiving hopper, an unloading mouth, upper and lower discs, placed in a housing with a drive (BI Vagin, VM Pobedinsky. Workshop on the mechanization of livestock farms. L. Kolos. 1983 - p. 48 fig. 11 analog.)

The disadvantages of this grinder are limited technological capabilities due to the inability to carry out the extraction process of grinding raw materials of mixed composition, for example, soybean-pumpkin compositions.

There is also known a grinder containing a housing with a disk in the form of a perforated conical plate with a large base facing the top and a funnel-shaped branch pipe installed above the smaller base coaxially with it (RF Patent No. 2127034 IPC A01F 29/00 prototype).

The disadvantage of this grinder is the low reliability of the grinding apparatus of the abrasive type when processing plant materials combined into a composition, for example, soy-cabbage, soy-garlic, soy-cucumber, etc., due to the specific structural structure (fibrous) of root or vegetable raw materials. component, as well as the low extraction capacity of the apparatus.

The objective of the present invention is to expand the technological and operational capabilities while increasing the reliability of the grinding process and the intensity of the process of extracting nutrients from raw materials.

This is achieved by the fact that the branch pipe is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, the lower part of which contains a perforated corrugated deck, and the disc is equipped with a hemispherical perforated element containing a corrugated comb in its lower part mated with the disc and placed in the inner cavity of the branch pipe. In this case, the disk is fixed on the shaft of the electric motor by means of a fastening nut containing a two-blade impeller.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the grinder, general view; in fig. 2 is a fragment of the mating of the elements with the disk 2 according to the view along arrow A; in fig. 3 section of the perforated deck, branch pipe and comb along A-A; in fig. 4 hemispherical perforated element with a grooved comb mated with a disc; in fig. 5 corrugated comb of the hemispherical element section along B-B; in fig. 6 also, view along arrow B.

The chopper of agricultural products from vegetable raw materials includes a housing 1 in which a disc is placed, made in the form of a conical plate 2, having perforations along its entire surface. The plate 2 is fixed for rotation on the shaft of the electric motor 3. In the inner cavity of the plate 2, coaxially with it, there is a branch pipe 4 made in the form of a hollow cylinder. The lower part of the cylindrical pipe 4 contains a corrugated deck 5, which has through windows. In the inner cavity of the pipe 4, coaxially with it, by means of a detachable, for example, threaded interface, a perforated element 6 in the form of a hemisphere is installed on the disk. The lower part of the element 6 contains a grooved comb 7. The disc 2 is fixed on the shaft of the electric motor 3 by means of a nut 8 containing a two-blade impeller 9.

The shredder of agricultural products from plant materials works as follows.

A pre-prepared plant composition, for example, soaked soybeans and chopped or carrots, or beets, or cucumbers, or cabbage, etc., taken in the appropriate ratio, is fed into the receiving funnel simultaneously with water in a certain ratio, for example, water : composition = 8: 1. (Fig. 1) The composition in the form of a mixture of components is located on the spherical surface of the perforated element 6 inside the cavity of the cylindrical pipe 4. During the rotational movement of the element 6, the product under the action of gravity is dragged into the gap between the grooved deck 5 and the comb 7 and is crushed by simultaneous crushing and abrasion. The water supplied simultaneously with the product into the cavity of the branch pipe 4 irrigates the surface of the product in the composition, passes through the gap together with the milled mass of particles and extracts (extracts) nutrients from them (proteins, vitamins, etc.). At the same time, water also passes through the holes in the wall of the element 6 and enters its internal space. In this case streams of water coming through the holes to fall onto the impeller 9 (FIG ^-.. 3, Fig 4) are discarded by the centrifugal force to the comb 7 and further washing the shredded product particles exiting from the nip, is removed from them remaining nutrients thereby intensifying the process of their extraction. At the same time, the crushed mass emerging from the gap between the deck 5 and the comb 7 by the flow of water moving from under the element 6 is washed away and the resulting suspension moves under the action of centrifugal force along the inner surface of the perforated conical plate - 2.

When moving upward, the liquid part of the suspension is separated, fills the space outside the disc 2, and then is discharged as intended. Separated from the liquid part of the suspension, the solid fraction, under the action of centrifugal force, through the hole in the housing 1 is removed outside of its limits and further as intended.

Thus, the supply of the disk with a hemispherical element located in the cavity of the nozzle makes it possible to expand the technological and operational capabilities of the grinder by crushing and abrading the feedstock in the form of grain and pieces of fibrous products.

The execution of the wall of the hemispherical element with holes allows intensifying the movement of the water flow and thereby intensively influencing the crushed particles to "knock" them out with a certain force at the exit from the gap through the longitudinal grooves of the comb, with abundant washing of the particles. This circumstance is due to an increase in the reliability of the grinder.

Claims (2)

1. A shredder of agricultural products from vegetable raw materials, including a housing and an electric motor with a disk attached to its shaft by means of a nut, made in the form of a perforated conical plate and coaxially with it a branch pipe installed in its internal cavity, characterized in that the branch pipe is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, the lower part of which contains a grooved perforated deck, and the disc is equipped with a hemispherical perforated element containing a grooved comb in its lower part, mated with the disc, and placed in the inner cavity of the pipe. 2. The shredder of agricultural products from plant materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening nut is equipped with a two-blade impeller.

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