RU2735817C1 - Muzzle-loading mortar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.SUBSTANCE: muzzle-loading mortar comprises pipe, breech and double loading prevention device (DLPD), which, in its turn, comprises housing fixed on muzzle pipe part. Vane is spring-loaded in the direction to the pipe axis with the help of a torsion spring. Blade is connected by means of a rope with a rod and a piston, which is installed in the cavity made in the breech. Cavity is communicated with pipe channel by means of holes and tube. DLPD comprises a blade fixing assembly in an open position.EFFECT: possibility of firing both conventional and mines having a seal, without additional settings on the firing position, longer firing range, higher safety, avoiding double loading.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to artillery pieces, more precisely, to muzzle-loading mortars with double-loading fuses.

In modern muzzle-loading mortars, a double-loading safety device (PDZ) is installed on the muzzle of the pipe, which excludes the possibility of loading the mortar with a second mine if there is a first mine in the channel of its pipe.

Loading with a second mine, if the first one did not take off, is possible as a result of the loader's carelessness, especially during intensive firing, as well as in the event of a misfire.

In these cases, the second sent mine, hitting the fuse first, initiates the detonation of the fuse and the explosion of the mine in the pipe channel, which leads to the death of the crew and the destruction of the mortar.

Known muzzle-loading mortar with PDZ (ed. St. SU No. 67406, priority 09/22/1944, publ. 11/30/1945, IPC F41F 1/06), which has a shield, which, after sending the mine, becomes in the position of protection from loading (position "closed" ) and prevents the second mine from being sent.

The flap is folded back to clear the path of an escaping mine when fired (in the "open" position) with powder gases breaking through the gap between the guide belt of the mine and the surface of the mortar pipe channel until the mine "approaches" the flap. After the shot and the end of the action of the powder gases, the flap, under the action of the spring, becomes in the "open" position, without interfering with the loading of the mortar with the next mine, and is fixed in this position, due to the presence of the fixation unit.

The gap between the guide collar of the mine and the surface of the pipe channel is necessary so that the mine sinks to the bottom of the pipe channel at a speed sufficient to ensure that the cap sleeve is punctured and the propellant charge of the mine is ignited.

But as a result of the breakthrough of powder gases, the pressure in the channel of the mortar pipe decreases, which leads to a decrease in the main ballistic characteristic - the maximum flight range of the mine.

In addition, the presence of one flap causes the inertial forces that arise when the flap is folded back to displace the axis of the mortar pipe channel at the moment of firing, which can lead, in turn, to knocking down the aiming and deterioration of the accuracy of fire.

Also known is a muzzle-loading mortar with PDZ, containing a body and two safety mechanisms (see "120-mm portable mortar 2C12. Technical description and operating instructions. 2C12. TO, part I, Moscow, military publishing house, 1987"). In technical essence, this mortar is the closest to the claimed one and is taken as a prototype.

PDZ of the prototype mortar has two symmetrically located safety mechanisms, each of which contains a blade (the blade performs the same function as the flap in the invention according to St. St. 67406) and a blade fixation unit in the "open" position. The presence of two blades reduces (in comparison with an analogue mortar) the negative effect of PDZ on the displacement of the pipe at the time of the shot, leading to a deterioration in the accuracy of fire.

The disadvantage of the prototype mortar, as well as the mortar - analogue by ed. St. No. 67406, is that the PDZ operation in it is provided by the action of powder gases breaking through the gap between the guide belt of the mine and the surface of the mortar tube channel, which negatively affects the firing range.

In addition, the PDZ of the prototype mortar has a relatively large mass and complex structure.

To increase the maximum firing range of mortars, it is necessary to exclude the breakthrough of powder gases between the guide belt of the mine and the surface of the pipe channel. For this purpose, mines have been developed, the design of which provides for a seal (obturator), which does not prevent the free lowering of the mine when loading, but excludes the breakthrough of powder gases when fired. Such a mine is, for example, a mine according to RU patent No. 2357198, publ. 05/27/2009, IPC F42B 14/02.

In mortars that use mines with the specified seals, the existing PDZ structures become incapable of performing their function, since in this case there is no effect of powder gases on PDZ blades, which is necessary to transfer them to the "open" position and ensure the safe departure of the mine from the channel mortar pipes.

The known method of shooting according to RF patent No. 2475689, publ. 02/20/2013, IPC F41F 1/06, in which when firing the above artillery shells (mines), the PDZ is turned off (blocked) by installing U-shaped spring latches with latches, as a result of which the safety mechanisms are always in the "open" position and provide , thus, the free flight of the mine when fired.

But this method of firing artillery shells, which have seals (expandable shutters) to prevent the breakthrough of powder gases when fired, does not ensure the safety of mortars during operation, since the PDZ blades in this case are always in the "open" position and are blocked from being transferred to the "closed" position »To exclude the loading of the second mine when the first one did not take off, i.e. PDZ does not fulfill its main function.

Thus, the known PDZ mortars do not provide safe firing with mines with obturators.

In the claimed invention, the specified problem is solved due to the fact that in a muzzle-loading mortar containing a pipe, a breech and PDZ, which, in turn, contains a housing fixed on the muzzle of the pipe, blades hinged in the housing, and nodes for fixing the blades in position , prior to loading (in the "open" position), each of the blade fixing units is made in the form of a lock located in the blade recess and pivotally connected to a spring-loaded lever having a groove for the hinge axis. The short arm of the spring-loaded lever, in turn, is hinged in the body. The long arm of the spring-loaded lever protrudes above the surface of the pipe channel by an amount that ensures interaction with the mine during loading, while each blade is connected by means of a flexible link to a piston rod installed in the breech hole, forming a pneumatic cylinder, the rod cavity of which is communicated with the pipe channel through the holes and tubes.

The flexible link is located coaxially with the piston rod and has the ability to maintain coaxiality when moving during the rotation of the blade.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that when loading the mine with the rear ogival part, it acts on the spring-loaded levers, which rotate towards the breech of the pipe around the axes, becoming flush with the surface of the pipe channel, freeing the blades from the clamps, which become in the "closed" position, excluding loading the second mine after the first.

When fired, the blades are retracted from the "closed" position to the "open" position by flexible links connecting the blades with rods with pistons, which are set in motion by powder gases coming from the mortar pipe channel through holes and tubes in the breech cavity in which the rods with pistons are located , providing a free and safe departure of the mine from the mortar pipe channel.

Powder gases cannot break through the seal assembly of the mine, therefore they do not have a negative effect on the firing range.

The increase in the volume of the charging chamber as a result of the presence of holes in the breech and the pipes connecting them is no more than 0.3% and also practically does not have a negative effect on the maximum firing range.

The proposed solution has an additional technical result, which consists in simplifying the design and reducing the mass of the PDZ in relation to the prototype.

The cross-sections of the holes for the outflow of the powder gases are determined by calculation and ensure the folding of the blades before the mine approaches them.

It is preferable to have the number of blades and their fixation units in the amount of two, since, with one blade and one fixation unit, there is a possibility of the effect of inertial forces arising when the blade is folded back on the displacement of the axis of the mortar pipe channel at the moment of firing, which can lead to knocking down the aiming. The number of blades and fixation units is more than two complicates the design.

The presented invention can be used in all muzzle-loaded mortars, in which both classic mines (i.e., in which the powder gases burst when fired) and guided ammunition (mines) are used, without any preliminary preparation.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by graphic material.

FIG. 1 shows a mortar in a firing position.

FIG. 2 shows the detail A of FIG. 1 (the barrel of the mortar, or rather its muzzle and breech) in the PDZ position before loading.

FIG. 3 shows a section BB for positions 2 and 5, in which PDZ is in the "open" position.

FIG. 4 shows the same section BB for positions 2 and 5, in the PDZ position before firing (in the “closed” position).

The muzzle-loading mortar contains a pipe 1 (Fig. 1), plate 2, carriage 3, breech 4 and PDZ 5. PDZ 5, in turn, contains a body 6 (Fig. 2), secured to the muzzle of the pipe 1 with a nut 7 ( Fig. 3), and a split sleeve 8. In the housing 6, two blades 10 are installed with the help of axes 9, spring-loaded towards the pipe axis by means of torsion springs 11 (Fig. 2) and located symmetrically relative to the pipe channel axis. The blades 10 are connected by ropes (cables) 12 with rods with pistons 13 (Fig. 3), which are installed in the cavities 14 made in the breech 4. The cavities 14 communicate with the channel of the pipe 1 through the holes 15, 16 and pipes 17. At the initial the section of the cavities 14 is equipped with washers 18 with holes covered with meshes (not shown) to exclude the ingress of dust, dirt and other particles into the cavity 14 of the breech. Washers 18 are locked by spring rings 19. The pistons have labyrinth seals (not shown).

Connections of ropes 12 with rods with pistons 13 are made with the possibility of adjusting their position relative to each other (not shown).

In the position before loading (Fig. 3), the blades 10 are kept from going to the position of protection against double loading by means of locks 20 entering the recesses 21 of the blades 10, connected to the levers 21 by means of axes 23. Levers 22 are installed in the housing 6 by means of the axes 24 Levers 22 with clamps 20 are spring-loaded by booms 25 with springs 26 and protrude above the surface of the pipe channel.

Pos. 27 denotes a mine (Fig. 4).

Pos. 28 the feathers of the mine stabilizer are indicated.

Pos. 29 denotes the surfaces of the housing 6.

Dimension "a" (the amount of protrusion of the levers 22 above the surface of the pipe channel) has values in the range of 1-1.5 mm.

To exclude external influences on the ropes 12, the latter can be covered with light casings, fixed, for example, with clamps to the mortar pipe.

The muzzle-loading mortar works as follows.

Before loading (Fig. 3), the blades 10 are fixed by clamps 20 in the "open" position, without interfering with the loading of the mine into the channel of the mortar pipe.

When loading the mine 27 with the rear ogival part, it acts on the spring-loaded levers 22, which rotate towards the breech of the pipe around the axes 24, compressing the springs 26 and freeing the blades 10 from the clamps 20, and the ends of the spring-loaded levers 22 become flush with the surface of the pipe channel.

The freed blades 10, under the action of torsion springs 11, rotate towards the axis of the pipe channel, prevent loading by another mine and are held in this position (in the "closed" position) by rods with pistons 13, which abut at this moment against the bottom of the cavities 14 (Fig. 4 ). The mine sinks to the bottom of the pipe channel, the propellant charge of the mine is ignited and a shot occurs.

When fired, the powder gases create pressure in the pipe channel. The main part of the powder gases acts on the mine, giving it speed for flight along the trajectory, and a small part of it (no more than 0.3%, as noted above) rushes through holes 15, 16 in the breech and pipes 17 in cavity 14, moving the rods with pistons 13 and ropes 12 towards the breech of the pipe. The ropes 12, fixed to the blades 10, in turn, rotate the blades 10 in the direction from the axis of the pipe channel until they stop in the surface 29 of the housing 6, freeing up space for the mine to fly out (in Fig. 4, this is the position of the blades 10 and rods with pistons 13 shown by dash-dotted lines). Structurally, it is ensured that the pistons of the rods 13 move to the stop in the washers 18 a little earlier than the blades 10 hit the surface 29 of the housing 6 in order to unload the ropes 12. The clamps 20 are constantly pressed against the cylindrical surfaces of the blades 10 under the action of spring-loaded booms 25 and not allow the spring-loaded arms 22 to protrude above the surface of the pipe channel, allowing the mine to fly freely.

After the departure of the mine and the pressure drop in the cavities 14, the breech ends of the blades 10, under the action of torsion springs 11, begin to converge with each other until the clamps 20, under the action of spring-loaded booms 25 and spring-loaded levers 22, sink into the recesses in the blades 10 and fix them in their original position ( in the "open" position), and the levers 21 protrude above the surface of the pipe channel.

Next, the next mine is loaded, and the work of the muzzle-loading mortar with PDZ is repeated.

The ropes 12 are installed so that when they move, they remain coaxial with the rods with the pistons 13.

Thus, the claimed muzzle-loading mortar allows firing both conventional mines and new mines that have a seal, without performing additional settings at the combat position. When firing with conventional mines, an increase in the firing range is achieved, and when firing mines with a seal, safety is ensured - the possibility of double loading is excluded.

Claims (2)

1. A muzzle-loading mortar containing a pipe, a breech and a safety device against double loading, which contains a body attached to the muzzle of the pipe, spring-loaded blades hinged in the body, and nodes for fixing the blades in the position preceding loading (in the "open" position), characterized in that each blade fixing unit in it is made in the form of a lock located in the blade recess and pivotally connected to a spring-loaded lever, in which the hole for the hinge is made in the form of a groove, the short shoulder of the spring-loaded lever is hinged in the body, while the long shoulder protrudes above the cylindrical surface of the pipe channel, each blade is connected by means of a flexible link with a piston rod installed in the breech hole, forming a pneumatic cylinder, the rod cavity of which is connected with the pipe channel. 2. A muzzle-loading mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the flexible link is located coaxially with the piston rod and has the ability to maintain coaxiality when moving during the rotation of the blade.

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