RU2648536C1 - Mortar-grenade launcher for standard hand grenades (options) and explosive device for grenades used in said grenade launchers (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to armament, namely to mortar-grenade launchers and explosive devices for grenades. According to the first embodiment the mortar-grenade launcher comprises a barrel, shooting device, the channel of which is connected to the barrel channel. Explosive devices for a grenade used in said mortar-grenade launcher is a pyrotechnic tube with a fixed or adjustable burning time, having booster charge of an explosive at the end. According to the second embodiment, the mortar-grenade launcher comprises a barrel and shock-trigger mechanism. Spring-loaded grenade holder in the barrel has the ability to shut off, and the double-acting percussion mechanism has a striker fixation in the extended position. According to the second embodiment, the explosive devices for a grenade used in the mortar-grenade launcher comprises a perforated tube with folding or permanent tail, containing a powder charge in the cap and inflaming a capsule.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of using a carriable amount of ammunition, as well as increased effectiveness of using grenades are achieved.

15 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates both to mortars and to grenade launchers.

Mortars and grenade launchers are known, see the Internet, Wikipedia, “82-mm mortar” and “GP-30 Shoe launcher”.

A soldier of the modern Russian army is armed, for example, with an assault rifle with an under-barrel grenade launcher and hand grenades. The disadvantage of such weapons is that when the VOG-25 under-barrel grenades are used up, soldiers cannot throw hand grenades at a long range, for example, of the types of RGO or RGN. And, on the contrary, when the hand grenades are used up, a soldier cannot throw a short-barreled grenade at a close distance (for example, into a neighboring room, into a nearby trench, behind a neighboring tree, into a crevice of a rock). And its shot from a grenade launcher in such cases is impossible, since a grenade cocking of about 20 m will not work.

In addition, the effectiveness of the VOG-25 grenade is less than that of the RGO or RGN grenade, and the firing range of the GP-30 grenade launcher may not be enough.

The objective and technical result of the invention is more efficient use of portable ammunition and increasing the effectiveness of the use of grenades.

For this, the soldier is equipped with a universal mortar-grenade launcher (hereinafter referred to as the "weapon"), firing from the shoulder or from the stop into the ground with hand grenades of the most modern type - RGN and RGO, provided that the fuse is replaced or upgraded.

WEAPONS, OPTION 1. This version contains a barrel with a caliber corresponding to a hand grenade, and contains a firing device under a standard blank or live rifle cartridge, the channel of which is connected to the barrel channel.

Moreover, the firing device may have a trap for a bullet in the form of a segment of a cylinder with a piston with a diameter larger than the caliber of the bullet, and the piston is equipped with a lock, for example, a radial pin entering a L-shaped groove (like a classic rifle bolt), or another.

Of course, the weapon will turn out simpler, easier and cheaper, if the use of only blank cartridges is envisaged.

The firing device may have a single charge, but to increase the rate of fire, the firing device may have magazine power.

The barrel is equipped with a solid stop in the form of a butt, which can be supported on the ground. Or, if the butt of the assault rifle is strong enough, the weapon can be suspended as a grenade launcher. The choice can be left to the soldier.

So that when shooting from an abutment into the ground, a shot from a weapon does not lead to unpleasant sensations in the hand with which the soldier is holding the barrel, the barrel may have a clip fixed to it with an elastic corrugation or with bushes made of foamed elastomer (microporous rubber).

To control the firing range, a weapon can have two or three firing devices - under a 5.45 mm, 7.62 mm cartridge, and under a 12.7 mm cartridge or even a 14.5 mm cartridge. Moreover, so that the empty volume of unused shooting devices does not reduce the effectiveness of the powder charge, there may be a gas valve switching the shooting devices.

The weapon has a sight in the form of a limb and an aiming plate located on the limb with an aiming device, for example, diopter.

It should be noted that hand grenades are manufactured with a large tolerance in diameter, so long before using in this weapon all grenades should be checked on a tubular caliber, the diameter of which is less than the diameter of the barrel of the weapon. If necessary, the grenade is adjusted using a file or an electric sharpener.

Of course, with an equal powder charge, the range of fire with grenades of the RGO and RGN will be different, because RGO grenade is almost twice as heavy.

BLAST, OPTION 1-A. Standard fuses for hand grenades are not suitable for firing hand grenades from this weapon. The fuse before use should be replaced by a fuse, which is a pyrotechnic tube with a fixed or adjustable burning time, which at the end has an initiating charge of the explosive.

To adjust the burning time, the fuse may have the following structure: the pyrotechnic tube has a slit or a series of holes that can be closed / closed by an axially fixed spiral sleeve rotating with easy pinching.

Graphically, the fuse is not illustrated, since such pyrotechnic tubes are well known and are in any fuse for hand grenades.

The fuse works like this: depending on the desired firing range and, therefore, depending on the flight time of the grenade, the soldier turns the spiral bushing so that an opening corresponding to the desired burning time of the tube opens. When fired, the tube ignites from the end (maximum burning time) or from the selected hole from the powder gases.

EXPLOSIVE, OPTION 1-B. In order not to waste time setting the burning time, the fuse for this weapon can be a shock type, cocking from acceleration when fired.

Such fuses are known, in particular, are used in hand grenades and in mortar mines, and therefore are not illustrated or described here.

In order for a grenade with a shock fuse to be oriented in flight in the longitudinal direction, the shock fuse may have an elongated shape and may have folding stabilizers, for example, in the form of several spring plates tangentially mounted on the fuse, fixed in the stowed position by the outer ring (similar to RPG-2), or feather, as in RPG-9. The fuse does not have to be all-hole.

Stabilizers of any type are checked at the factory by a cylindrical conductor for free entry into the barrel.

If the weapon is used as a grenade launcher, in order to prevent the grenade from falling out of the barrel, the barrel can be equipped with a spring-loaded lock (similar to GP-30).

In FIG. 1 shows a weapon according to the first embodiment. It consists of a barrel 1, to which a firing device is attached (you can use the bolt from a decommissioned rifle). To reduce the overall length, the firing device in this case is located parallel to the barrel and "back-to-front", but can be located coaxially. It consists of a cylinder 2, which has a bolt 3 in front (all directions are relative to the direction of the shot) and a trap for a bullet in the form of a cylinder segment with a piston 4 that can be locked in the same way as the bolt 3 with a radial pin entering a L-shaped groove in the back . Shown live cartridge 5.

The cylinder cavity is connected further to the barrel cavity by a channel (without a number) a little further than the cut of the sleeve, and the barrel has a solid partition with holes 6, which evens out the flow of powder gases.

The barrel shows a grenade type 7 RGO or RGN with a fuse equipped with stabilizers.

The weapon works like this: a cartridge 5, say, a combat one, is inserted into the firing device. In the barrel 1 is inserted from the barrel of a grenade 7 with a fuse according to option 1-A or 1-B. The initiation of the cartridge. In this case, the bullet exits the sleeve and enters the piston 4. The speed of the bullet is very low, since immediately after it leaves the sleeve all powder gases rush into the channel, and then into the barrel 1. The grenade flies out of the barrel.

Then the piston 4 is removed, and a slightly deformed bullet falls out of the cylinder 2.

This option has a very low rate of fire, so it can only be recommended for educational purposes. Here it is very rational - utilizing expired cartridges, soldiers simultaneously train their eyes, firing a blank grenade many times.

But on the other hand, this option using blank cartridges has another valuable combat quality: it is possible to fire grenades of the two types mentioned in almost standard form. To do this, you only need to shorten the grenade lever by about half - so that it does not go beyond the size of the diameter of the grenade body (60 mm). This can be done in any workshop - the lever is cut with a hacksaw, a cutting angle grinder, or strong metal scissors. Although, of course, it is better to produce these grenades with already shortened levers.

And it is desirable to make three more minor improvements: firstly, the plastic fuse case on the side opposite to the lever should be increased so that it is 59.5 mm wide at this point, while the lever is more securely fixed in the barrel. By the way, the grenade at the same time more conveniently fits in your hand.

Secondly, the fuse cocking time should be reduced to about 0.5 seconds, otherwise with a standard cocking of 1.5 seconds firing at a distance closer than 100 meters will become impossible - the grenade will not explode.

And thirdly, it is necessary to increase the fuse slowdown time from 3.6 to 8-9 seconds, otherwise it will be impossible to shoot at long distances, the flight time for which will be more than 3.6 seconds.

At the same time, shooting is carried out as follows: holding a shortened lever, a ring is pulled out of the grenade fuse, and the grenade is inserted forward into the barrel of the weapon with a fuse. Due to the tilt of the barrel and / or light impact with the back of the barrel on the ground, the grenade falls deep into the barrel to the stop. At the same time, the grenade lever is held in place, as it abuts against the barrel walls. Then, an empty cartridge is initiated, the grenade flies out and explodes as usual: either when it hits an obstacle, or after 3.2-4.2 seconds (or after another time). The firing range is limited by the indicated flight time of the grenade, but there is one useful quality - the grenade explodes in the air above the enemy’s head.

To increase the rate of fire, it is advisable to use a firing device, which should have a magazine for 9-10 blank rounds, and the shutter should have a “pulled-released” operating principle, such shutters are known, for example, in biathlon rifles. There are such shutters among my inventions, for example, Pat. No. 2557873, 2557121.

WEAPONS, OPTION 2. A significant reduction in time for preparing a shot can be achieved by applying the mortar principle or the principle of a grenade launcher (the same GP-30). This design does not have any design features compared to the GP-30 underbarrel grenade launcher; it also contains a barrel and a trigger mechanism. The only difference is that the barrel has a smooth-bore, spring-loaded grenade lock in the barrel that can be turned off to use the weapon as a mortar, and the self-cocking strike mechanism for the same purpose has the striker fixed in the extended position.

The disconnectable spring-loaded lock can have the following structure: through a longitudinal slot in the barrel with a minimum clearance, a plate enters the barrel attached to the two-arm lever located on the outer surface of the barrel, the second end of which acts as a key, and under the first end of the lever it can enter fixed in longitudinal guides slider.

And the striker lock in the extended position may look like a screw or an eccentric located behind the striker.

Given the insignificance of differences from the GP-30, this option is not graphically illustrated.

FUSE, OPTION 2. It is the replacement of the fuse that makes standard hand grenades suitable for applying the mortar principle or the principle of a grenade launcher. Such a fuse has a shock principle of action (similar to a mortar) and contains a perforated tube with a folding or permanent tail that contains a powder charge in the cap and ignites the capsule (almost the back of the mortar mine). It is better if the fuse has a small delay in time after the impact - 0.2-0.3 seconds for a grenade jump. Almost all objects and types of soil, except sand, mud and heavy snow, as well as the grenade body itself, have some elasticity, which, given the spherical shape of the grenade, in 90% of cases provides a sufficient amount of grenade rebound.

This second version of the weapon and fuse works like this: in the mortar version, the spring-loaded grenade lock is disabled by sliding the slider under the two-arm lever. And the firing pin is fixed in the extended position by turning the screw a few turns or by turning the eccentric. It becomes possible to drop a grenade into the barrel before it hits the striker. The flammable capsule is punctured, the powder charge ignites, and the grenade flies like a mortar. Weapons in this case are best put on the ground.

In the grenade launcher version, the soldier finger presses the key of the disconnectable spring-loaded lock, lowers the grenade into the raised barrel and releases the lock. The latch can not be turned off if the length of the barrel allows you to push the grenade all the way with your finger. The grenade is fixed in the barrel and does not drop. If necessary, the trigger mechanism is activated, a flammable capsule is injected and a shot is fired.

Claims (15)

I. Mortar-grenade launcher for standard hand grenades, characterized in that it contains a barrel with a caliber corresponding to a hand grenade, and contains a firing device for a standard blank or live rifle cartridge, the channel of which is connected to the barrel channel. 2. A mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing device has a trap for a bullet in the form of a segment of a cylinder with a piston with a diameter larger than the caliber of the bullet, and the piston is equipped with a lock, for example, a radial pin, which enters a L-shaped groove. 3. Mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing device has magazine supply. 4. The mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel has a ferrule mounted on it with an elastic corrugation or with the help of bushings of foamed elastomer. 5. A mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two or more firing devices - for cartridges of different calibers. 6. A mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 5, characterized in that there is a gas valve that switches firing devices. 7. A mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a sight in the form of a limb and an aiming plate located on the limb with an aiming device, for example, diopter. 8. The fuse for a grenade used in a mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a pyrotechnic tube with a fixed or adjustable burning time, which at the end has an initiating explosive charge. 9. The fuse according to claim 8, characterized in that the pyrotechnic tube has a slit or a series of holes that can be closed / closed by an axially fixed spiral sleeve rotating with easy pinching. 10. The fuse for a grenade used in a mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that it is an impact type fuse cocked from acceleration when fired. 11. The fuse according to claim 10, characterized in that the shock fuse has an elongated shape and has folding stabilizers, for example, in the form of several spring plates tangentially mounted on the fuse, fixed in the stowed position by the outer ring. 12. Mortar-grenade launcher for standard hand grenades, containing a barrel and trigger mechanism, characterized in that the spring-loaded grenade lock in the barrel has the ability to turn off, and the self-cocking strike mechanism has the striker lock in the extended position. 13. The mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 12, characterized in that the spring-loaded detachable lock has the following structure: through the longitudinal slot in the barrel with a minimum clearance, a plate is attached to the two-arm lever located on the outer surface of the barrel, the second end of which acts as a key moreover, under the first end of the lever has the ability to enter fixed in the longitudinal guides of the slider. 14. The mortar grenade launcher according to claim 12, characterized in that the striker lock in the extended position has the form of a screw or an eccentric located behind the striker. 15. The fuse for a grenade used in a mortar-grenade launcher according to claim 12, comprising a shock type fuse, and characterized in that it contains a perforated tube with a folding or permanent tail, containing a powder charge in the cap and igniting the capsule.

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