RU2308656C2 - Automatic grenade launcher and a set of grenades to it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armaments, in particular automatic grenade launchers.

SUBSTANCE: the automatic grenade launcher has a barrel or a cluster of barrels with a set of grenades positioned in beach of them along its axis. Inductors are installed on the external surface of the barrels. The number of the inductors equals the number of the grenades in the barrel. For acceleration of the reloading process provision is made for arrangement of grenades in a container inserted in the barrel. The barrels and the containers are made fully or partially from a material conducting the electromagnetic radiation. The igniter of the powder propellant charge has a receiver of the electromagnetic radiation and a filament bridge connected to it. The inductor is also used for input of the time setting to the fuze. The powder propellant charge of each grenade depending on the ordinal number of its arrangement in the barrel is made for obtaining of a muzzle velocity constant for all the grenades.

EFFECT: enhanced rate of fire of the weapon and reduced its mass.

10 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to weapons, and more particularly to automatic weapons with the location of the entire ammunition in the barrel.

In patents No. 2156520, 2254540 of the Russian Federation, weapon systems are described in which the entire set of shells is placed in the barrel along its axis, each shell is equipped with a propellant powder charge, while the propellant charge can be located in a high-pressure chamber attached to the bottom of the projectile (Pat. No. 2252540 RF), the weapon is equipped with a system of ignition of propellant charges (ignition means), operated by pyrotechnic channels or electric wires passing through the barrel wall, the weapon may contain a set (block) of trunks.

Obviously, this scheme can only be used in weapon systems that have relatively low pressures in the bore and, therefore, low initial projectile speeds, i.e. in melee systems, mainly in grenade launchers. Therefore, in the following, a description is given with reference to automatic grenade launchers and grenades for them.

One of the main drawbacks of the system is that the ignition system using pyrotechnic channels or electric wires requires holes in the barrel wall, which on the one hand leads to its weakening and loss of tightness, and on the other hand, to a decrease in reliability and complicating the process of reloading weapons . In this scheme, it is difficult to implement the process of installing the fuse in the form of action, and in the case of using a temporary fuse, the introduction of a temporary installation.

Another significant drawback is that with the same composition and mass of propellant charges, the initial speed of grenades due to different acceleration paths in the barrel will be different.

The technical solution consists in the fact that inductors are installed on the outer surface of the barrel, for example, in the form of inductive coils, while the number of inductors is equal to the number of grenades in the barrel and each grenade in the barrel is opposite the corresponding inductor, the grenade launcher barrel is partially or completely made of a material that passes electromagnetic radiation, the grenade launcher is equipped with a firing control unit electrically connected to the inductors, the igniter of the propellant powder charge of the grenade contains an electric receiver agnitnogo radiation, coupled with the bridge filament fuse comprises an electromagnetic signal receiver, the switch action view and timing device, a propellant powder charge grenades each, depending on the serial number of its location in the barrel is adapted to obtain a constant for all garnet muzzle velocity.

Another important feature of the technical solution is the use of a container equipped with a set of grenades to quickly reload a grenade launcher.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 is a single-barrel automatic grenade launcher, figure 2 is a cross-section of the rifled barrel of a grenade launcher with inserted metal rifles, figure 3 is a multi-barrel automatic grenade launcher, figure 4 is a single-barrel automatic grenade launcher with a removable container, figure 5 is a fragmentation grenade.

A single-barrel grenade launcher (Fig. 1) contains a barrel 1, made in whole or in part from a material that transmits electromagnetic radiation, equipped with a shutter 2. Inductors 3 are mounted on the outer surface of the barrel, for example, in the form of inductive coils, while the number of inductors is equal to the number of grenades in the barrel and each grenade 4 in the barrel is located against the corresponding inductor. The grenade launcher is equipped with a firing control unit 5, including a power source 6, a generator 7 that generates electrical pulses, a switching device 8 and wires 9 for supplying pulses to the inductors. The firing control unit also includes a firing type switch 10 (automatic, single). In the General case, the firing control unit may also include a device 11 for remote installation of fuses, for example, setting the response time of temporary fuses when firing with trajectory detonation of grenades.

The grenade launcher can be either rifled or smooth-bore. In the first case, the maintenance of grenades along the bore is carried out using ready-made protrusions on the grenades. An example of a threaded barrel made of non-metallic material, for example, fiberglass reinforced with carbon fiber, is presented in figure 2. On the inner surface of the barrel there are screw-shaped metal guides 12 that perform the function of rifling.

Figure 3 presents a multi-barrel automatic grenade launcher. It is equipped with vertical (13) and horizontal (14) pickup devices. Equipment of various barrels of the grenade launcher is provided for grenades for various purposes, for example, fragmentation, incendiary, smoke, etc. with selective control of their firing from the firing control unit.

Figure 4 presents the design of a single-barrel automatic grenade launcher, in which a set of grenades is placed in an elongated cylindrical shell (container) 15, inserted into the barrel and which is a replaceable element together with the grenade set. The container can be rifled and smooth-bore, has a dull bottom and is partially or completely made of a material that conducts electromagnetic radiation, for example, fiberglass reinforced with carbon fiber. The container is fixed in the barrel using a quick-acting locking device 16, such as a bayonet lock.

Figure 5 presents a fragmentation grenade for a rifled automatic grenade launcher. The grenade contains a housing 17 with leading protrusions 18 and an annular ledge 19. An explosive charge 20 is located in the housing. An explosive fuse 21 is installed in front of the housing.

A high-pressure chamber 22 is installed in the bottom of the housing, inside of which a powder propellant charge 23 is placed. The chamber is equipped with a number of calibrated holes 24 located on the side wall of the chamber or its bottom and providing a gradual outflow of powder gases. At the bottom of the chamber there is an igniter 25 with an incandescent bridge connected by a wire 26 to the ring receiver 27 of electromagnetic radiation. The receiver is mounted on the outer surface of the skirt 28.

When laying a set of grenades in the barrel, the end surface 29 of the skirt rests on the annular protrusion 19 of the next grenade. Instead of an impact fuse, a fragmentation grenade can be equipped with a temporary fuse, providing trajectory detonation. In this case, the fuse has a radiation receiver that receives a response time setting from the inductor.

There are other options for the execution of grenades, including cumulative, fragmentation-beam, incendiary, card, smoke, etc.

The action of the grenade launcher of the circuit of figure 1 is as follows. Charging is done from the breech with the shutter open by sequentially inserting grenades with protrusions into the rifling and blowing them forward. A device for fixing the position of grenades in the barrel in figure 1 is not shown.

When the trigger is pulled, the generator sends an electrical impulse to the forward inductor. The radiation of the inductor is perceived by the receiver of the grenade and is transformed into a current pulse, causing the incandescent bridge to heat up and the igniter of the grenade's powder charge to fire. The combustion of the powder charge in the high-pressure chamber with the gradual flow of combustion products through calibrated openings ensures a stable combustion mode. Gunpowder gases flowing from the chamber into the projectile volume and at low pressure provide smooth acceleration of the grenade with a small recoil of the grenade launcher.

The characteristics of the fuse mechanism are designed so that the pressure of the powder gases on the fuse does not cause it to fire in the barrel. The operation of the fuse from the thermal effects of thermal gases is prevented by its heat-resistant design. Then, after a given period of time, determined by the set rate of fire, an impulse is output to the second inductor, etc.

Charging a grenade launcher in figure 4 occurs by inserting a container with grenades, which significantly reduces the loading time. After inserting the container, it is fixed in the barrel, for example, using a bayonet lock. After shooting all the grenades, the empty container is removed from the grenade launcher and replaced with a new one.

The principal feature of the proposed grenade launcher scheme is the different length of the path of dispersal of grenades (the most distant from the muzzle of the barrel grenade accelerates over a larger path), which leads to a difference in the muzzle velocity of grenades. Given that the acceleration of grenades in this scheme with a high-pressure chamber occurs on a relatively short path, the speed difference will be small, and with typical parameters the grenade launcher will not exceed 3-5%.

A grenade launcher circuit is provided that provides a constant muzzle velocity of all grenades due to the use of variable powder charges in grenades. In this case, the mass, composition of the powder and other properties of the propellant charge of each grenade, depending on the serial number of its location in the barrel, are selected in such a way as to ensure a constant muzzle velocity of all grenades at a given length of the acceleration path of such a grenade.

The main advantage of the proposed design is an increase in rate of fire due to the lack of moving parts for automation and a decrease in the mass of weapons. In a variant of a single-barrel hand grenade launcher, it has a significantly lower mass than, for example, an automatic revolver type grenade launcher.

Multi-barrel designs can be widely used in weapon systems, where grenade launchers are installed outside the machine’s body and are not accessible for reloading during combat, for example, on tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, etc. With a fixed number of grenades, the sequential (linear) arrangement of grenades in the trunks can significantly reduce the frontal area of grenade launchers, which reduces their aerodynamic drag when installed on aircraft, including unmanned aerial vehicles.

Claims (10)

1. Automatic grenade launcher, including a barrel or block of barrels, a set of grenades placed in the barrel along its axis, each of which contains a propellant powder charge and an ignition means, and the propellant powder charge is placed in a high pressure chamber attached to the bottom of the grenade, characterized in that Inductors are installed on the outer surface of the barrel, for example, in the form of inductive coils, while the number of inductors is equal to the number of grenades in the barrel, the inductors are located in planes passing through the meta igniters powder guns, the automatic grenade launcher is equipped with a fire control unit electrically connected to the inductors, while the barrel is completely or partially made of a material that transmits electromagnetic radiation, a set of grenades is placed in an elongated cylindrical shell container that is inserted into the barrel and is interchangeable with the grenade set element, and the shell-container is fixed in the barrel using a quick locking device, for example, bayonet lock. 2. Grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire control unit comprises a trigger with the possibility of single or automatic firing, in the latter case, with a controlled rate of fire. 3. Grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is rifled. 4. Grenade launcher according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is smooth and the grenade is equipped with stabilizing aerodynamic devices. 5. A set of grenades, each of which contains a housing with combat equipment, a fuse is installed in the front of the case, a chamber with a propellant powder charge, an igniter and a number of calibrated holes in the bottom, characterized in that the igniter contains an electromagnetic signal receiver and connected to it incandescent bridge, propellant powder charge of each grenade depending on the serial number of its location in the barrel is made with the possibility of obtaining a constant muzzle velocity for all grenades, and the explosion atel comprises a timing device and an electromagnetic signal receiver. 6. A set of grenades according to claim 5, characterized in that the leading protrusions are located on the surface of the housing. 7. A set of grenades according to claim 5, characterized in that in the bottom of each grenade is a drop-down stabilizer. 8. A set of grenades according to claim 5, characterized in that in the front part each grenade contains an annular ledge, and in the bottom part a skirt, and when laying in the barrel, the end of the skirt rests on an annular ledge located behind the grenade, and the skirt is fully or partially made from material that transmits an electromagnetic signal. 9. A set of grenades according to claim 5, characterized in that the electromagnetic signal receiver is mounted on the outer surface of the grenade, isolated from the housing and connected to the incandescent bridge. 10. A set of grenades according to claim 5, characterized in that the head fuse is made in a heat-resistant design.

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