RU2346228C2 - Telescopic shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fragmenting-bundle ammunition for barrel arms. The proposed shell incorporates a cylindrical cartridge case accommodating a powder charge with an axial bore and a burster charge fitted at the said cartridge case rear with an igniter. To increase the shell hitting effects, the powder charge axial bore houses a fragmenting-bundle charge furnished with a tail fuse and representing a semi-spherical head cylinder generating, when blasted, a semi-spherical equal-density field of fragments. Note here that the shell length is equal to a free length of the powder charge axial bore.

EFFECT: higher hitting effects.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to telescopic rounds of a barrel weapon.

The telescopic cartridge differs from the usual one in that its powder charge is made in the form of a tube along the axis of which a projectile is placed. At the rear of the cartridge there is a knockout charge and a means of ignition.

The closest analogue of the invention is a telescopic cartridge, known from patent US 5557059 A, published September 17, 1996.

The known cartridge contains a cylindrical sleeve in which a powder charge is located with an axial channel in which the projectile is placed, and in its rear part a blow-out charge with an ignition means.

The expelling charge pushes the projectile out of the cartridge even before the ignition of the main powder charge. This frees up the channel space filled with combustion products of the expelling charge. As a result of this, a high-density powder charge can burn with the same efficiency as charges of a lower density in a larger case. This achieves a higher initial velocity of the projectile in comparison with the corresponding characteristic for the cartridge of the classical scheme. Another advantage is achieved by the cylindrical shape of the sleeve. Cartridges of this form are more convenient for storage and in stacking occupy half the volume compared to conventional cartridges.

In recent years, fragmentation-beam shells, i.e. shells having both axial and circular lesion fields (see, for example, V.A. Odintsov “Fragmented-beam shells.” “Obor. technika, 2006, Nos. 1-2”).

As a rule, shells are made in a classic cylinder-live form. This form, regardless of the type of projectile, has a common drawback - the projectile is not completely filled with the axial channel volume. As applied to fragmentation-beam projectiles, the lively shape of the warhead does not allow obtaining rational characteristics of the axial flow of ready-made striking elements (GGE).

The objective of the present invention is to increase the damaging effect of the projectile by improving the characteristics of the axial flow of the GGE and the rational filling of the free space in the cartridge sleeve.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the telescopic cartridge contains a cylindrical sleeve in which there is a powder charge with an axial channel, and an expelling charge in its rear part with an ignition means. In the axial channel of the powder charge there is a fragmentation-beam projectile equipped with a bottom fuse and made in the form of a cylinder with a hemispherical head with the possibility of formation of a hemispherical equal-density fragmentation field when it is detonated, while the length of the projectile is equal to the free length of the axial channel of the powder charge.

In private embodiments of the invention, the front of the sleeve is made with a conical chamfer. The cartridge is equipped with a front bottom, which is sealed in a sleeve with the possibility of disconnection with a calibrated force. The projectile is made with a given crushing or contains ready-to-use striking elements. The bottom fuse of the projectile contains an electronic device for trajectory detonation and an inertial type impact blast device. The bottom fuse is equipped with a non-contact command receiver. The bottom fuse is equipped with a command input device through the external contact of its igniter and a conductor connecting this contact with the fuse's electrical connector. The bottom fuse contains a capacitor as a power source, configured to charge it before firing through the external contact of the igniter. The cartridge sleeve consists of a rear part in the form of a metal tray and a front burning part made of pyroxylin-cellulose cloth impregnated with TNT.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 - telescopic cartridge with a contactless input temporary installation and a single-layer block GGE 12; figure 2 - telescopic cartridge with a contact input of a temporary installation and a multilayer block GGE 12.

The telescopic cartridge shown in figure 1 contains a cylindrical sleeve 1 with a monolithic powder charge 2 located therein, having an axial channel in which the projectile 3 is placed. An igniter 4 is placed at the bottom of the sleeve, and a blow charge 5 is placed at the bottom of the cavity. contains a housing 6 with an explosive charge 7 placed therein and a bottom trajectory-impact fuse 8 with a detonator 9. The fuse contains an electronic trajectory detonation device (either temporary, or number-speed, or non-contact, or command) and a device of undermining the impact of inertial type. The fuse is equipped with a contactless receiver 10. The front bottom of the sleeve 11 is made integral with the body. The head of the projectile abuts against the front bottom.

The circuit in figure 2 has a contact input installations through an external contact 13 of the igniter 4. The latter is connected by a conductor 14 to the electrical connector 15 of the projectile. This scheme is distinguished by the installation of a detonator 9 in the middle part of the explosive charge, as well as the use of a housing with ready-made damaging elements mounted in it. The sleeve is made with a conical bevel, the front bottom 11 of which is rolled into a sleeve with a calibrated disengagement force. The lead belt 16 is located in the region of the bottom of the projectile. The multilayer block GPE 12 is used.

The action of the cartridge is as follows. On the loading path in a non-contact manner (for the circuit of FIG. 1), a command for the type of action (trajectory or impact gap of the projectile) is entered into the fuse, and in the first case, also the time setting. After sending the cartridge into the breech, facilitated by the presence of a conical chamfer, and closing the shutter, the expelling charge is ignited. The completeness of combustion of the expelling charge is ensured by fixing the projectile in the cartridge due to a stopper with a fixed shear force. In the variants shown in figures 1, 2, the fixation is provided by the focus of the projectile in a solid or inserted bottom 11. The process occurring after the destruction of the bottoms described earlier.

In another embodiment, commands are entered after the projectile leaves the barrel through the muzzle rings. This option has the advantage that when calculating the time setting, the actual projectile speed determined by the first two muzzle rings can be taken into account. The calculated exact setting is introduced into the fuse through the third ring.

For the circuit in figure 2, the input of commands is carried out by the contact method through the external contact of the igniter 4 (capsule sleeve). A very important circumstance should be noted: the telescopic design of a cartridge with a bottom fuse for a projectile provides the possibility of entering not only the installations through the capsule sleeve, but also a very valuable possibility of charging the electronic circuit with high current, which allows us to switch from the battery circuit of the fuse to a safer and more reliable capacitor circuit.

The location of the detonator in the middle of the projectile provides an increase in the meridional angle of fragmentation, which has a beneficial effect on the efficiency of the projectile.

Replacing the animated shape of the head of the projectile with a hemispherical will lead to an increase in aerodynamic resistance to the movement of the projectile, and, consequently, to a decrease in the firing range. Therefore, the use of a telescopic cartridge design is most suitable for automatic guns of small and medium caliber and, possibly, for tank guns, where the range requirements are not as stringent as for field artillery.

With trajectory blasting, the hemispherical warhead provides a hemispherical equally dense fragmentation field. In case of shock blasting, the hemispherical shape of the head part creates a greater initial resistance during penetration into the ground than a sharp-headed vivid or conical shape and, therefore, provides greater speed and reliability of the inertial shock mechanism of the bottom fuse.

The use of a telescopic cartridge in tank guns, firstly, will facilitate the solution of the problem of deploying ammunition in a tank, which becomes more acute with increasing caliber of tank guns, and secondly, it will allow you to refuse separate loading of the gun, which will lead to an increase in rate of fire (see article author "It's time to return to the unitary tank cartridge." Independent Military Review, 2006, No. 18). In this case, the use of partially burning shells is possible, which will simplify the procedure for reloading the gun and removing the spent shells from the tank. The burning part of the sleeve can be made, for example, of a pyroxylin-cellulose web impregnated with TNT. At the same time, the telescopic cartridge can be used both for throwing caliber shells and sub-caliber shells with detachable pallets (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4802415, 4858533, 5063852).

Claims (9)

1. A telescopic cartridge containing a cylindrical sleeve in which there is a powder charge with an axial channel in which the projectile is located, and an expelling charge in its rear part with an ignition means, characterized in that the projectile is equipped with a bottom fuse and is made in the form of a cylinder with a hemispherical head partly according to the scheme of a fragmentation-beam projectile with the possibility of formation of a hemispherical equally dense fragmentation field when it is detonated, while the length of the projectile is equal to the free length of the axial channel of the powder charge. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the front of the sleeve is made with a tapered bevel. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a front bottom, which is sealed in a sleeve with the possibility of disconnection with a calibrated force. 4. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile is made with a given crushing or contains ready-made damaging elements. 5. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom fuse of the projectile contains an electronic device for trajectory detonation and an inertial type impact blast device. 6. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom fuse is equipped with a contactless receiver. 7. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom fuse is equipped with a command input device through an external contact of the ignition means and a conductor connecting this contact with the electrical connector of the fuse. 8. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom fuse contains as a power source a capacitor configured to charge it before firing through the external contact of the ignition means. 9. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that its sleeve consists of a rear part in the form of a metal pallet and a front burning part made of pyroxylin-cellulose cloth impregnated with TNT.

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