RU2731933C1 - Ship crew rescue system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue service.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crew rescue. Ship crew rescue system (SCRS) includes a chemical fire extinguishing system or a method for interrupting the combustion reaction, a conditioning, regeneration and/or ventilation system and air pressure stabilization in the compartment, a high pressure air pipeline, a fire pump, a ship electrical network and a charging and discharging control board, a pulsed automatic and a scuba mask with a nose clamp, heated wetsuits. SCRS includes crew rescue unit (CRU) with sensors and communication line with central control station, fan-shaped shower to create water curtain, compartment drying unit, coil units with hoses, heater, reserve power supply with searchlight, scuba equipment and parachutes. On the housing of the CRU there are buttons MORSE, FIRE, SMOKE and BURN, traffic lights of red, yellow and green light, underwater acoustic speaker. Inside CRU housing microprocessor, reduction gear of high pressure of air, valves, switches and meters of air and water flow rate are installed. Crew is surfaced in SCRS using scuba divers.

EFFECT: higher ship survivability and crew survivability.

13 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The ship's crew rescue complex (hereinafter referred to as KSEC) belongs to the field of damage control means of a surface or submarine ship.

State of the art

It is known that for a surface or submarine ship, survivability means the ability, in the event of accidents and combat damage, to retain, to one degree or another, the possibility of continuing to carry out the assigned task, or at least returning to base independently or in tow. The most severe in their consequences are accidents accompanied by fire and / or water inflow.

It is known that to increase survivability, the ship's hull is divided by water-permeable bulkheads ("walls") into compartments that limit the spread of water or fire to the entire ship. When a combat alert is declared, the hatches between the compartments are battened down.

It is known that fires aboard submarines are the most common cause of deaths on submarines around the world.

The ship's fire fighting system consists of four independent extinguishing systems:

- volumetric chemical fire extinguishing (SHP);

- air foam fire extinguishing (IDF);

- water fire extinguishing;

- fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment (asbestos cloth, tarpaulin).

At the same time, unlike stationary, ground-based systems, water extinguishing is not the main one.

In addition, there are fire prevention systems:

- system of water irrigation of mines (containers) of missile weapons;

- water sprinkling system for ammunition stored on racks in compartments;

- water sprinkling system for inter-compartment bulkheads.

It is known that in the event of an explosive and fire hazardous situation, the crew of the ship compartment does not have the right to leave the compartment without the permission of the ship commander and is obliged to fight for the survivability of the ship.

It is known, as a rule, the crew does not have protective equipment against high temperatures in the compartment.

On the other hand, for a long time, an immutable law has been in force on the seas and oceans - in case of accidents, saving a person's life is in the first place.

The naval surface ships and auxiliary vessels are armed with the following types of individual life-saving appliances intended for long-term stay on the sea surface:

- rescue bibs;

- life jackets and vests;

- semi-inflatable life jackets;

- inflatable life bibs

- rescue wetsuits.

The life-saving appliances of the crew also include a lifebuoy with a signal light, a lifeboat, a rigid liferaft, an inflatable liferaft.

It is known that the record for scuba diving is 330 m.

Scuba diving uses cylinders with compressed air up to 30 MPa called high pressure air (HPA). A person can inhale without damaging the lungs if the air they are breathing is under the same pressure as the chest. To supply air under ambient pressure, a regulator is used, which is connected to the cylinder valve. The overwhelming majority of regulators consist of two elements, in which the reduction (reduction) of air pressure occurs in stages. This reduction scheme is called two-stage. The device, called a reducer, carries out the first stage of reduction - it reduces the air pressure to a value that exceeds the ambient pressure by 0.5 to 1 MPa. This air pressure is called intermediate or average (hereinafter VSD).

For example, the housing of a two-line static gearbox is divided into two parts by a diaphragm. The upper part of the body is connected to the environment through a hole. A spring presses on the diaphragm from above, which rests against the upper part of the body with its other end. From the side of the lower part of the housing, air from the outlet of the gearbox presses on the membrane. The displacement of the diaphragm controls the degree of opening of the throttling element of the gearbox, which forms the VSD at the output of the gearbox.

A medium pressure hose (hereinafter SHSD) is connected to the output of the reducer.

Pulmonary valve (hereinafter pulmonary) FIG. 1 carries out the second stage of reduction - equalizing the VVP to the pressure of the environment surrounding the scuba diver, which is called low pressure (hereinafter VVP). The pulmonary body 1 of FIG. 1 is divided by a discoid membrane 2 into two chambers: water 3 and air 4, in which VND is formed. The water chamber communicates with the environment through the holes. On land, it contains air, and when immersed, it fills with water. In the air chamber by means of the lever 5 and the inhalation valve, consisting of the valve seat 6, the valve disc 7 and the valve stem 8, the value of the INP is stabilized. The air chamber has an outlet with a mouthpiece 9 and one or two exhalation valves. In the pulmonary, a button 10 is provided for forced displacement of water from the air chamber 4 VND. The VSD goes to the inhalation valve of the pulmonary through the VSD connector 11.

The VSD after the inspiratory valve expands and its pressure drops. In the modern pulmonary, the VND in the mouthpiece is approximately 50 mm of water column more than the ambient pressure.

On submarines, especially in a submerged position, the use of seawater to extinguish a fire is limited due to the danger of overloading and loss of the ability to surface. But even when sailing on the surface, the relatively small buoyancy reserve does not allow, as on surface ships, to use the full flooding of the compartment to extinguish a fire. Therefore, in case of local fires, foam extinguishing is used, and the most effective means of fighting is the so-called volumetric chemical fire extinguishing system, based on the supply of special substances (freons) in the closed volume of the compartment in the form of a liquid or gas, interrupting the combustion chain reaction. An extinguishing system based on the formation of a finely dispersed water mist with the help of special nozzles is considered to be very promising. Its advantage is high efficiency with a relatively low water consumption.

The survivability when water enters the hull of the submarine is provided by its unsinkability. Flooding can occur for a variety of reasons - a hole or a crack in the sheathing of a strong case in an explosion or in a collision, untimely or unreliable closure of the lines connected to the outboard space during immersion, a fire failure of the tightness of the seals in the places of passage through the strong case of cables, rupture of the pipeline under the influence of outboard pressure due to defects in its manufacture or installation, etc.

For submarines, a distinction is made between surface unsinkability (surface unsinkability) and underwater positions.

Surface unsinkability means the ability of a submarine to remain afloat with an allowable heel and trim, as well as longitudinal and lateral stability sufficient for the safety of navigation in the event of partial or complete flooding of one or several compartments and part of the main ballast tanks. Surface unsinkability is necessary to rescue a submarine both in an accident on the surface and after surfacing in an accident under water, which is especially important for nuclear-powered submarines (hereinafter referred to as AIC).

The unsinkability of a submarine on the surface is structurally ensured, as is the unsinkability of surface ships, by dividing the hull by watertight bulkheads into autonomous compartments, a buoyancy margin, and sufficient longitudinal and lateral stability. The peculiarities are, firstly, in a significantly smaller amount of buoyancy than on surface ships and, secondly, in the use of scuppers on some submarines, i.e. constantly communicating with the outboard space, ballast tanks.

The value of the buoyancy in modern agro-industrial complex ranges from 10-12% (of the surface displacement) for submarines of single-hull architecture and up to 35% for submarines of double-hull architecture. Correspondingly, the level of ensuring surface unsinkability also changes.

With a buoyancy margin of 10-12% and 3-5 compartments, which is typical, for example, for modern American agro-industrial complex, keeping the boat afloat is ensured only when one of the autonomous compartments is partially flooded. In this case, they probably proceed from the possibility of localizing damage, stopping the flow of water and pumping it out.

With a buoyancy margin of about 30% and 6-9 compartments, a diesel submarine, as a rule, can withstand partial flooding of several compartments.

Ensuring survivability in case of fires also includes issues of ensuring the safety of the crew, specific to submarines, since the crew is forced to operate in conditions of strong gas pollution, including toxic substances. The crew is provided with various types of breathing equipment: isolating masks (based on the principle of a gas mask), devices with reserves of breathing mixture, an air supply system from ship's reserves by connecting the device through a breathing air hose to a separate high-pressure line.

It is known that the rescue equipment of a submariner (hereinafter SSP) can be used as a means of temporarily maintaining the vital activity of the crew in the compartments of the submarine up to an ambient temperature of no higher than 50 ° C and / or at an increased pressure of up to 1 MPa, which corresponds to a depth of 100 meters.

The SSP equipment is intended, first of all, for rescue from the wrecked ship by the free ascent method from depths of up to 220 m and by the boom exit method from the depths up to 100 m and is produced in configurations No. 1 and No. 2.

For the personnel of the submarine equipped with an escape hatch with an air supply unit, the SSP equipment is issued in configuration No. 1:

- set of isolating breathing apparatus IDA-59M;

- belt with carabiner;

- a set of hydro-overalls SGP-K-1 (complete set No. 1);

- parachute system PP-2 with a passport,

For the personnel of a submarine ship not equipped with a escape hatch, personnel of training stations and for practicing the actions of crews at training stations, SSP equipment is issued in configuration No. 2:

- set of isolating breathing apparatus IDA-59M;

- a set of hydro-overalls SGP-K-2 (set No. 2).

The closed-loop device IDA-59M provides an exit from a sunken submarine from depths of up to 120 meters, if additional helium cylinders are transferred to the boat by rescuers.

SGP diving suit, rubber, with a helmet with bulging eyes, a fitting for a valve box and petal-type bleed valves. On the helmet, just above the forehead, there is a herbal-safety valve. The overalls are usually sealed with the help of a partner using an appendix and a rubber band, but there is a device - a comb that allows self-burning. Lead insoles are placed in the diving suits so that the diver does not float upside down. The set also includes: sweater, leggings, comforter, socks, stockings and gloves.

IDA and SGP are kept in separate bags.

The SGP-K-2 diving suit differs from the SGP-K-1 diving suit in that it does not have fittings for connecting the air supply hose, and the safety valves on the helmet and on the back are replaced with petal etching valves.

The set of the IDA-59M apparatus also includes a mask with an intercom (as a gas mask), designed for using the apparatus without the SGP-K diving suit in dry and partially flooded compartments of the submarine. The mask allows breathing in the apparatus and provides isolation of the respiratory system and eyes from the surrounding gas or water environment.

It is known that the breast belt is a 2.5 cm (1 inch) lanyard with a sewn-on hip belt loop and a quick release buckle. Equipped with a buckle that allows you to adjust its length.

The parachute system is used as part of the SSP equipment when leaving an emergency submarine ship by free ascent from a depth of more than 140 m. The PP-2 parachute system is designed to reduce the ascent speed of a submariner in SSP equipment from 1.7-2.9 m / s (without a parachute system ) up to 0.2-0.4 m / s. The PP-2 parachute system is cleared by the AV-2 ascent automatic at a depth of 60-80 meters from the surface.

It is known that the ingress of water into the regenerative cartridge IDA-59M leads to its fire.

Crew members always carry with them a remote control - a portable breathing device. The remote control is intended for emergency respiratory protection. The time of continuous work in the remote control is 10-20 minutes or sitting without physical activity for about one hour. You cannot work underwater in it. Respiratory organs of the remote control are protected only from the effects of harmful gases.

It is known that water absorbs infrared radiation. To protect themselves from the heat of the fire, firefighters poured water on each other and, from a spray tip, arrange a water curtain of water drops in front of them.

It is known, in contrast to seawater, distilled water has a low electrical conductivity. Therefore, in the compartment of a warship, which is filled with electrical equipment, it is preferable to use distilled water to extinguish a fire.

Known portable power supplies with a built-in battery, a charger and an indicator of the remaining battery capacity, for example in percent, which are usually charged via a separate cable, for example from an electrical network. The load is connected to separate sockets with an inscription, for example, "OUTPUT". This power supply, as a rule, contains an electronic board for monitoring the process of charging and discharging the battery.

Known hand-held power generators, driven by human muscular strength, for example, by rotating the handle of a gear with a large number of teeth, which are meshed with a small gear on the axis of the rotor of the generator. Typically, hand-held power generators are installed, for example, in portable lights or radios.

The closest analogue to the invention is the deliberate partial flooding or irrigation of the ship compartment with water, for example, outboard.

Existing rescue equipment does not provide or provide for the protection of the crew from the heat effects of open fire or steam in a sealed compartment. In addition, the IDA-59M apparatus is a potential source of fire in the compartment and the burnout of oxygen residues, which, for example, led to the death of the Kursk crew members who survived the disaster, who tried to replace the regenerative cartridge in the dark. In a stressful situation of a rapidly evolving accident, it is unlikely to put on the SGP-K immersion suit in a timely manner, pulling on dry warm clothes and self-burning it. The tragedy at AS 12 (AS31) Losharik also confirms the vulnerability of the crew. A decrease in crew survivability makes the equipment of the compartment uncontrollable, which negatively affects the survivability of the ship, and, under the confluence of several circumstances, can lead to a nuclear disaster for the ship.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

In the event of a hazard, for example a fire and / or chemical hazard, as a result of combat damage and / or a non-combat accident, the claimed "Ship Crew Rescue Complex" (KSEC) ensures the survival of the crew in the battered compartment of the ship as follows:

- the crew rescue unit (hereinafter TSB) continuously analyzes signals from various sensors and buttons. After receiving information about the danger from at least one sensor, for example, when a dangerous rise in temperature in the compartment is predicted, a red traffic light on the TSB comes on. A horizontally directed intensive water curtain (hereinafter IVZ) is automatically switched on above the deck of the compartment. The crew lies down on the deck under the IVZ and begins to breathe air through the mouthpiece of the lung. VSD enters the pulmonary through the SHSD from the TSB. The crew member puts on a scuba diver's mask with a nose clip (hereinafter referred to as the mask) and, if necessary, a wetsuit, for example, a semi-dry type made of titanium-coated neoprene foam with a zipper on the chest;

- TSB, taking into account the permission from the central control post (hereinafter referred to as the CPU) and the normative delay for self-training of the crew, for example, 7 seconds, automatically turns on the necessary systems to counter hazards, for example, a volumetric fire extinguishing system;

- when a predetermined water level is reached in the compartment, for example, one meter above the deck, the water supply valve to the IVZ closes.

- in water heated by a fire from above, the temperature distribution along the depth is uneven. For example, on the surface, it can reach temperatures close to boiling, and remain cool from below. Therefore, a fire-resistant float floats on the surface, from under which hot water is removed by a dehumidification pump through a corrugated hose. Under the fire-resistant float, a temperature sensor of the upper layer of water and a sensor for the presence of pumped water are fixed, information from which is sent to the TSB;

- if the top layer of water heats up higher from a fire, for example, 30 degrees, or when harmful reagents enter the water, the algorithm for pumping water poured onto the deck is activated in the TSB, through which cold water begins to flow from the TSB hull into the lower layer of water, and from the upper hot water is pumped out by the drainage unit.

- but, if the temperature of the water and / or air can cause dangerous hypothermia of the crew, then the TSB turns on the electric water and / or air heater;

- when the danger in the compartment is reduced to a level that allows the crew to stay above the water for a short time, a yellow traffic light comes on on the TSB. The crew performs short counter-emergency actions aimed at ensuring the survivability of the ship, for example, applying a patch, restoring the standard system of regeneration and / or ventilation of air in the compartment;

- when the danger level decreases to safe values, a green traffic light on the TSB lights up and the dehumidification pump turns on. The crew is completing emergency countermeasures. At the command of the CPU “Detach the watertight bulkheads”, the crew leaves the compartment for medical examination and / or decompression.

- in a less dangerous situation, for example, when water flows and there are no signs of fire, the water level sensor and / or the water presence sensor under the fire-resistant float is triggered. TSB automatically starts the pump to drain water from the compartment. The pumped-out water is pumped through the drain pipe into the drain tank or overboard.

In a surface ship, outboard water is supplied to the IVZ. And in a submarine, water is supplied from a fire tank located, for example, inside a solid hull of the ship, which preserves the depth of submersion. The fire tank can also be used as a buoyancy reserve for emergency ascent. With a sufficient buoyancy reserve and maintaining the course of the submarine, outboard water can also be supplied to the compartment with limited supply, but with simultaneous compensating blowing of the ballast tanks.

In a surface ship, the drainage tank is drained, for example by a sump pump. In a submarine, distilled water from a drainage tank is pumped into a fire tank through a cooler, which transfers the heat of the distilled water to the water surrounding the ship. Moreover, the inner side of a strong ship hull can be used as a cooler element.

TSB constantly tests the serviceability of the communication line with the CPU. When a failure of the communication line with the CPU is detected, the TSB switches to the autonomous crew rescue algorithm without waiting for CPU commands.

The communication line with the CPU is supplemented with wires through which the CPU provides a redundant power supply to the TSB microprocessor board.

For the exchange of speech and code information with the CPU, an underwater acoustic speaker and a MORSE button are located in the TSB.

At the same time, the CPU, taking into account data from the TSB, is taking measures:

- for the calculation and provision of the ship's buoyancy reserve;

- to restore and maintain the stability of the ship;

- to straighten the ship (i.e. reduce the roll and trim);

- to maintain or decrease the immersion depth.

If it is impossible to surface the submarine, at the command of the commander of the ship, and after smooth equalization of the pressure inside the compartment with the pressure of the water overboard, each member of the crew of the emergency compartment switches the pulmonary from the SHSD of the coil block to the SHSD of the rescue scuba and leaves the compartment through the torpedo tube or an adjacent flooded compartment ... Moreover, in case of flooding of the torpedo compartment, the torpedo tube covers mechanically open simultaneously from the inner and outer sides, which turns the torpedo tube into a kingston of large diameter. A fully open torpedo tube allows the entire crew to quickly evacuate in the absence of airborne forces and electricity.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 Pulmonary valve (pulmonary), where 1 - pulmonary body, 2 - disc-shaped membrane, 3 - water chamber, 4 - air chamber, 5 - lever, 6 - valve seat, 7 - valve plate, 8 - valve stem, 9 - mouthpiece , 10 - forced water displacement button, 11 - VSD connector, 12 - mouthpiece plug, 13 - cable, 14 - latch lock, 15 - latch lock guide.

FIG. 2 Block-reel, where 11 - VSD connector, 17 - frame, 18 - compartment deck, 19 - medium pressure fire-resistant hose (SHSD), 20 - coil, 21 - armature connector, 22 - coil fitting, 23 - glass axis, 24 - clamp, 25 - fitting-axis, 26 - oil seal, 27 - retainer, 28 - retainer lever, 29 - guide with a return spring, 30 - retainer protrusion, 31 - truncated cone of the axis-glass, 32 - VSD pipeline, 40 - VSD accumulator, 41 - corrugated VSD hose.

FIG. 3 Box, where 12 - mouthpiece plug, 13 - cable, 19 - ShSD, 21 - armature connector, 33 - box body, 34 - cover, 35 - handle, 36 - lung, 37 - mask, 38 - vertical groove in the box wall.

FIG. 4 Water curtain assembly (for example, a submarine compartment), where 18 is the compartment deck, 43 is a strong ship hull, 44 are watertight bulkheads, 45 is an intensive water curtain (IVZ), 46 is a horizontal fan-shaped shower, 47 is a pipe, 48 is water poured onto the deck.

FIG. 5 Crew rescue unit (TSB) (with the top of the VSR exits), where 32 is the VSR pipeline, 50 is a sealed case, 51 is a red traffic light, 52 is a yellow traffic light, 53 is a green traffic light, 55 is a red “FIRE” button, 56 - yellow "SMOKE" button, 57 - green "CALL" button, 58 - white "MORSE" button, 59 - underwater acoustic speaker, 60 - transparent cover with a seal, 61 - communication line connector, 63 - VVD input, 64 - reducer for lowering VVD to VVD, 65 - tube for communication with compartment air, 66 - hole in the sealed case, 67 - VVD counter; 68 - VSD pneumatic valve, 69 - VSD pneumatic switch, 70 - VSD output, for example, VSD 1, VSD 2 ... VSD N, 71 - VSD bypass tube, 72 - VSD pneumatic switch knob, 73 - water inlet from the fire pump, 74 - received counter water, 75 - IVZ hydraulic valve, 76 - IVZ outlet, 77 - IVZ hydraulic switch, 78 - IVZ hydraulic switch handle, 79 - bypass pipeline, 80 - "Water cooling" hole, 81 - cooling hydraulic valve, 83 - "TEN" connector, 84 - connector "Diving suit heating", 85 - microprocessor board, 86 - sensor connectors, for example, "Air temperature in the compartment", 87 - "MAINS" connector, 88 - "Battery" cable, 89 - connector to a backup power source, 90 - "PUMP" connector, 91 - connector for switching on the fire extinguishing system.

FIG. 6 Reserve power source, where 94 is the source body, 95 is the battery, 96 is the battery charge indicator on the battery charge and discharge control board, 97 is the indicator switch button, 98 is the manual generator, 99 is the generator drive handle, 100 is the replaceable water-filled battery , 101 - battery plug, 102 - rotary stand, 103 - underwater floodlight, 104 - floodlight dimmer, 105 - "TSB" connector for connecting the "Battery" cable from TSB.

FIG. 7 Compartment drainage unit, where 18 - compartment deck, 44 - watertight bulkhead, 48 - water poured onto the deck (or into a metal bath-niche), 106 - top layer of hot water, 107 - drainage pump, 108 - drainage pump connector, 109 - PUMP cable, 110 - upper water layer temperature sensor, 111 - pumped-out water presence sensor, 112 - fire-resistant float, 113 - pumped water meter, 114 - non-return valve, 115 - mesh, 116 - corrugated hose assembly.

Implementation of the invention

The pulmonary fig. 1 is complemented by a mouthpiece plug 12, to which a cable 13 is attached, as well as a latch-lock 14 in the guide of the latch lock 15.

Changes in the lung are necessary to connect the lung to the INP line from the SSP. The forced water displacement button 10 is held depressed by the latch 14 of FIG. 1, which ensures the direct entry of the VND into the mouthpiece from the VVD 11 connector without reduction by the inhalation valve. The latch lock 14, for example, is guided and held by the latch guide 15.

The frame 17 of the coil block of FIG. 2 is installed at the level of the deck of the 18th compartment. A medium pressure fire hose (SHSD) 19 is wound on a reel 20. The outer end of the ShSD ends with an armature connector 21. The inner end of the ShSD is put on the coil fitting 22, which is screwed into the bottom of the hollow axis of the reel 20, which has the form of a glass (hereinafter the glass axis) 23. ShSD is fixed on the spool fitting, for example, with a clamp 24. The cup-axis 23 of the coil 20 rotates on the frame-axis 25 fitting. The gap between the axis-axis 25 and the bobbin-cup 23 of the coil 20 is sealed by one or more oil seals 26. The retainer 27 is moved by a lever the retainer 28 in a guide with a return spring 29, which is fixed on the frame 17. The retention of the coil 20 on the fitting-axis 25 of the frame 17 occurs, for example, due to the interaction of the protrusion of the lock 30 and the truncated cone 31 of the axis-glass 23. Air is supplied to the frame through the pipeline VSD 32 through the VSD 11 connector, which is compatible with the armature connector 21, which in an emergency situation provides a series connection of several coil units of FIG. 2, as well as a direct connection of the lung to the VVP line or to the VND line.

Box body 33 of FIG. 3 is closed by a lid 34 with a handle 35, under which is stored the lung 36, which is shown in FIG. 1 and below a scuba diver's mask with a nose clip (hereinafter referred to as the mask) 37. The boxes are installed next to the combat post and resting place. The connector of the armature 21 ShSD 19 of the coil unit of FIG. 2 is permanently connected to the VSD connector 11 of FIG. 1 of the pulmonary 36. VND is held in the air chamber of the pulmonary by the mouthpiece plug 12, which is connected to the box lid with a cable 13. The cable is fixed to the box lid. The cable pulls out the plug from the mouthpiece when the cover is removed from the box body or from the lung. To remove the lung 36 from the box body along the vertical groove 38 of the box wall, the armature connector 21 and ShSD 19 of FIG. 3.

Installation of the VVD accumulator 40 FIG. 2, between the connector of the fittings 21 and the SHSD 19 of FIG. 2, allows you to use a small flow area SHSD. In the period between breaths, the VVP gradually accumulates in the VVD 40 accumulator to the mass of a full inspiration. The accumulated air through the corrugated hose of the VSD 41 of a large flow area through the connector of the fittings 21 enters the lung. ShSD 19 with a small outer diameter is more convenient when moving the crew, and also allows to reduce the size of the coil 20. For example, if the inhalation volume is 5 liters, then with an IRR of 1 MPA (about 10 kgf / cm2), the capacity of an IRR accumulator of 0.5 liters is sufficient , excluding the internal volume of the corrugated VSD hose and additional air supply during inhalation. For ease of movement, the VSD 40 battery can be attached to the crew belt.

The primary protection against open fire is the water curtain assembly. An example of the placement of the water curtain assembly in the compartment is shown in Fig. 4. The submarine compartment is formed, for example, by a strong ship hull 43, watertight bulkheads 44 and a deck of compartment 18. Intensive water curtain (IVZ) 45 is formed by a horizontal fan-shaped shower 46, into which water is supplied through pipe 47 under pressure, for example, from a fire pump ... The IVZ jets form a horizontal water screen, under which the crew is protected from fire, steam and infrared radiation. The crew lays down under the IVZ on the deck of the 18th compartment and periodically turns over. Water from the IVZ gradually fills the compartment deck up to the maximum level, for example, one meter. The water 48 poured onto the deck is the main means of protecting the crew from high temperatures.

The air through the coil block of FIG. 2 to the lung of FIG. 1 and water into pipe 47 IVZ of FIG. 4 are fed from the Crew Rescue Unit (TSB).

TSB Fig. 5 consists of a sealed case 50, in which traffic lights of red 51, yellow 52 and green 53 light are installed, as well as buttons "FIRE" 55 in red, "SMOKE" 56 in yellow, "CALL OUT" 57 in green, "MORSE" 58 in white colors and underwater acoustic speaker 59. The buttons are constantly illuminated and protected from accidental pressing by a transparent cover with a seal 60. Traffic lights and buttons signals are transmitted through the communication line connector 61 to the CPU.

VVD from the high-pressure air inlet 63 is reduced to medium pressure by the pressure reducer VVD to VSD 64. By the tube for communication with the air of the compartment 65, the hole in the upper part of the gearbox housing 64 is connected to the hole 66 in the sealed housing 50. The tube for communication with the air of the compartment 65 is required for the reduction gear of the HPV up to VSD 64 to limit the excess of VSD relative to the actual pressure in the compartment, for example, by 0.92 MPa.

The VSD flows through the VSD 67 counter, the VSD 68 pneumatic valve and the VSD 69 pneumatic switch to the outlet of the VSD 70 and then through the VSD 32 pipeline to the coil block of FIG. 2

Manual control of the air supply to the outlet of the VSD 70 through the pneumatic valve VSD 68 or through the bypass tube of the VSD 71 bypassing the pneumatic valve VSD 68 is carried out by the pneumatic switch VSD 69 with the handle of the pneumatic switch VSD 72, which has three fixed positions:

- when the handle 72 is turned to the right until it stops, the air at the outlet of the VSD 70 is closed;

- in the middle position of the handle 72, air is supplied to the outlet of the VSD 70 through the pneumatic valve of the VSD 68;

- when the handle 72 is turned to the left until it stops, the air is supplied through the bypass tube of the VSD 71 to the outlet of the VSD 70 bypassing the pneumatic valve of the VSD 68.

Water from the fire pump is supplied from inlet 73 of FIG. 5 through the received water meter 74, the IVZ 75 hydraulic valve to the IVZ 76 outlet and further to the IVZ pipe 47 of FIG. 4. Manual control of the water supply is carried out by the IVZ 77 hydraulic switch with the IVZ 78 hydraulic switch handle, which has three fixed positions:

- when you turn the handle 78 to the right until it stops, the IVZ of FIG. 4 turns off;

- in the middle position of the handle 78, water is supplied to the IVZ through the IVZ 75 hydraulic valve;

- when the handle 78 is turned to the left until it stops, water is supplied to the IVZ 76 outlet bypassing the IVZ 75 hydraulic valve through the 79 bypass pipeline.

In order to replace the water poured onto the deck 48 of FIG. 4, which heats up in the event of a fire in the compartment, cold water from the received water meter 74 from the water cooling hole 80 of the sealed housing 50 is fed through the cooling hydraulic valve 81.

Crew hypothermia in cold water is prevented by putting on a wetsuit. The diving suit is complemented by internal low-voltage electric heaters and a connector with a switch, which, if necessary, is connected via a detachable cable to the TSB connector 84 of FIG. 5 "Wetsuit heating".

The microprocessor of the board 85 of FIG. 5 provides analysis of signals that come, for example, from sensors, as well as control of actuators, such as valves and traffic lights. So, in the case of an increased air flow rate when the SHSD ruptures, to prevent a rapid increase in air pressure in the compartment, based on the analysis of information from the VSD 67 meter and the air pressure sensor in the compartment, the microprocessor of the board 85 generates a signal for switching the corresponding pneumatic valve VSD 68. Rapid increase in pressure in compartment leads to rupture of the eardrums of the crew.

To obtain objective information on the development of an emergency in the compartment to the TSB, FIG. 5, through its electrical connectors, for example 86, sensors of various types are connected, for example:

- infrared radiation sensor;

- air pressure sensor in the compartment;

- air smoke sensor;

- air temperature sensor;

- oxygen sensor;

- carbon dioxide sensor;

- carbon monoxide sensor;

- sensors of other hazardous reagents in the air of the compartment;

- water level sensor above the deck;

- water temperature sensor at the deck;

- sensor of hazardous reagents in the water above the deck;

Power supply of the TSB is carried out from the ship's power system through connector 87 "Network", as well as from the backup power source of Fig. 6, which is connected via cable 88 "Accumulator" with a connector to the backup power source 89.

TSB is continuously on. In the absence of other hazards, but when seawater enters the compartment, for example, from combat damage, the TSB automatically turns on the unit for draining the compartment of FIG. 7 through the connector "PUMP" 90 TSB.

When a dangerous situation arises that requires the protection of the crew in an aquatic environment, for example, from high temperature, battery acid vapors, or when the "FIRE" button 55 is pressed, the IVZ 75 hydraulic valve of FIG. five.

In the event of a fire, after the standard delay for self-training of the crew, for example, 7 seconds, or immediately after pressing the "FIRE" 55 button three times, but taking into account the absence of the CPU prohibition, the fire extinguishing system is activated through connector 91. One or more fire pumps in non-emergency compartments turns on the CPU based on information from the TSB.

When the maximum water level is reached, for example, one meter, the IVZ of FIG. 4 is turned off by the IVZ 75 TSE hydraulic valve. Then the crew takes refuge under the water lying on deck 18 of the compartment of FIG. 4. TSB, coil blocks and dehumidification unit are also completely covered with water.

When the degree of danger in the compartment is reduced to an acceptable value, a yellow traffic light 52 is illuminated on the TSB. The crew members periodically emerge from the water on deck 48 of FIG. 4 and begin to carry out short-term counter-emergency measures. The commander of the compartment directs the actions of the crew of the compartment to combat damage and switch military or technical means. During the movement of the crew through the compartment, the SHSD 19 is unwound from the coil block of FIG. 2 to the required length. The compatibility of the VSD connector 11 of FIG. 1 with the means of rescue of submariners (SSP) is provided by its design and / or adapters, which allows, for example, the use of the block-reel of FIG. 2 to connect the SGP-K-1 diving suit or organize a sequential chain of several spare block-coils for work in remote places, for example, in an adjacent battery compartment.

The addition to the pulmonary structure of FIG. 1, the latch lock 14, makes it possible, if necessary, after shifting the latch lock, to connect to the VND line of the SSP.

When the degree of danger in the compartment decreases to a safe level and it becomes possible to breathe in the compartment without lungs, a green traffic light 53 is lit on the TSB.

The backup power source is shown in Fig. 6. In the sealed part of the source housing 94, the battery 95, the battery charge indicator 96 on the charge and discharge control board with the indicator power button 97 and the manual electric generator 98 with the electric generator drive handle 99 are placed. Replaceable, for example, a water-filled battery 100 is activated by water after removing the battery plug 101. An underwater floodlight 103 with a dimmer of the floodlight 104 is attached to the rotary stand 102 from the outside of the unit body. The “Battery” cable 88 with connector 89 extends from the TSB of FIG. 5 and is connected to the "TSB" connector 105 of FIG. 6. Hand-held electric generator 98 provides recharging of the battery and illumination of the compartment with an underwater searchlight 103.

The compartment drain assembly is shown in FIG. 7. The top layer of hot water 106 heated by the fire is pumped out by a dehumidification pump 107, the connector 108 of which is connected to the TSB connector 90 of FIG. 5 via the "PUMP" cable 109. The temperature sensor of the upper water layer 110 and the sensor for the presence of pumped water 111, which are fixed under the fire-resistant float 112, for example, made of metal, as well as the pumped-out water meter 113 are connected through the drainage pump connector 108 of FIG. 7. A non-return valve 114 prevents water and / or VVD from entering from the adjacent compartment through the watertight bulkhead 41. The mesh 115 restricts the ingress of floating objects into the corrugated hose of the VSD 116, the water intake of which is fixed between the mesh 115 and the fire-resistant float 112. The flexibility of the corrugated hose of the assembly allows a fire-resistant float 112 constantly float on the surface of the water.

The microprocessor of the board 85 of FIG. 5 also calculates the difference between the readings of the received water meter 74 of FIG. 5 and the pumped-out water meter 113 of FIG. 7. Data on the volume of water in the compartment is transmitted through the communication line connector 61 TSB to the CPU. When a flow occurs, the difference between the received water meter 74 and the pumped water meter 113 first decreases to zero, then becomes negative.

In parallel, the microprocessor of the board 85 also calculates the actual volume of water in the compartment according to the water level sensor in the compartment, for example, by multiplying the deck area of the controlled compartment by the height of the water level in the compartment.

Modern ships, including nuclear powered submarines, have compartments with a large deck area. Pouring water to the required height above the deck of the compartment by the IVZ shower is relatively slow, and a large volume of water in the compartment can exceed the buoyancy margin of the submarine. In this case, a metal niche bath is installed under the compartment deck, which is covered with a non-combustible material with low thermal conductivity, the upper side of which coincides with the level of the deck. A small volume of a metal niche bath is promptly filled with water from the IVZ. In order to protect against overheating and / or fire, the block-coil of FIG. 2, the boxes of FIG. 3, TSB of FIG. 5, the backup power supply of FIG. 6 and the compartment drainage unit of FIG. 7 are fixed at the bottom of the metal niche bath. For additional protection of the crew from the infrared radiation of the fire and / or from the shock wave of the explosion, the metal bath-niche is closed by a hatch with a built-in fire-resistant glass porthole, which is additionally covered with an infrared filter. In a non-emergency situation, the hatch cover is part of the compartment deck. Flat horizontal fan-shaped shower 46 fig. 4 is fixed to the deck at the level of the upper side of the metal niche bath, for example, in the corner, but below the hatch cover. To heat ice water or air in a bath-niche made of metal, an electric heater is installed, which is connected to the "heating element" connector 83 of the BSE of FIG. five.

In addition, the electric heater during the transition performs the function of an automatic backup or additional heater, for example, when the temperature in the compartment drops below 16 degrees.

This metal niche bath can also be used for rest and sleep for the crew. In this case, an air conditioner and an air regeneration system are additionally connected to it.

When evacuating through a torpedo tube, wheelhouse, or a hole in one of the compartments, each crew member leaves the ship by switching the lung man from the SHSD to the life-saving scuba gear and having previously put on a mask and an inflatable life jacket. Depending on the depth of the ship, a parachute system is attached to the rescue scuba on a separate throttle strap, which slows down the ascent rate, which is necessary for decompression. To prevent hypothermia, a wetsuit is also worn.

The rescue scuba gear set includes:

- a bottle with a limited supply of helium-oxygen mixture, covered with blue luminescent paint, and a valve, covered with orange luminescent paint;

- VSD reducer;

- short SHSD from the reducer of the VSD to the connector of the VSD;

- Decompression control device;

- shoulder straps;

- a flashing lamp with a battery, for example, a water-filled type, which automatically starts to flash periodically when darkness falls, which allows you to quickly find a rescue scuba in the complete darkness of the affected compartment, and also facilitates the search for a crew on the water surface at night;

- breast strap.

When the torpedo tube evacuated in the tube moves, the rescue scuba gear and the rescue parachute are pushed ahead of themselves.

To reduce the speed of evacuation, the rescue scuba gear and the rescue parachute are combined into a single unit, to which a folded inflatable rescue bib is attached, which allows them to be donned after exiting the torpedo tube. Moreover, before evacuation from the ship, a single block is attached to the belt of the evacuee with a thong strap, and the inflatable life bib is connected with a carabiner to a single block with a separate cable, which prevents their loss, for example, in troubled water.

Claims (58)

1. Complex for the rescue of the ship's crew (hereinafter KSEC), which includes a volumetric chemical fire extinguishing system or a method for interrupting a chain reaction of combustion, an air conditioning, regeneration and / or ventilation system of air in the compartment, a system for stabilizing the air pressure in the compartment, a pipeline with high pressure air, a fire pump, a ship's electrical network and a battery charge and discharge control board, as well as a scuba diver's lung machine, a scuba diver's mask with a nose clip, a wetsuit, for example, a semi-dry type made of neoprene foam with titanium dust and with a zipper on the chest, characterized in that KSEC has the following composition: - intensive water curtain (hereinafter IVZ), for example, in the form of a fan-shaped water shower, which is oriented parallel to the compartment deck, for example, at a height of one meter from the deck, and water is supplied to the IVZ from the crew rescue unit (hereinafter TSB); - medium-pressure air (hereinafter referred to as VSD), the value of which exceeds the pressure in the compartment, for example, by 0.92 MPa, is supplied in series from the TSB through the VSD connector, the VSD pipeline, a hole in the frame of the coil block, fitting-axle in the frame of the coil unit, the hollow axis in the form of a glass (hereinafter the axis-glass) of the coil and the coil fitting in the bottom of the axis-glass into a medium pressure hose (hereinafter SHSD), resistant to high temperatures and chemicals, which is wound on the coil of the coil unit, for example, reinforced silicone, and ends with a connector of the fittings, where the axis-glass, with the coil with the SHSD fixed on it, rotate on the fitting-axis, and air leakage between the axis-glass and the fitting-axis is prevented by one or more oil seals, moreover, to ensure quick replacement of the coil with the SHSD in block-coil, a retainer is fixed on the frame of the coil-block, with which the glass-axis is held against axial displacement along the choke-axis, for example, due to the stop of the retainer protrusion against the base of the truncated cone of the stack axis on, and the block-coil is fixed at or below the deck of the compartment, for example, in the recess of the deck, and near the places of combat duty and / or rest of the crew; - VSD along the SHSD of the coil unit, through the docked connector of the SHSD fittings and the connector of the VVD of the scuba diving machine (hereinafter referred to as the pulmonary), is supplied to the inlet valve of the pulmonary, and after the inlet valve of the pulmonary, low pressure air (hereinafter VND) is held by the mouthpiece plug; - the lungman and the scuba diver's mask with a nose clip (hereinafter referred to as the mask) are stored in an individual box, which is fixed in an easily accessible place, for example, near a combat post or resting place, and the mouthpiece plug is connected to the box lid with a cable, which, when the box cover is removed from the lung, is pulled out of the plug a mouthpiece from the mouthpiece of the lung, where the mask is stored at the bottom of the box, and there is a handle on the outside of the box lid; - TSB (crew rescue unit) consists of: - a sealed hull, which is fixed at the level of the compartment deck, which ensures its cooling with IVZ water; - water inlet from the fire pump, and the water is taken by the ship's fire pump from the fire tank with distilled water and room temperature, which is located inside the ship or from outside the ship; - high pressure air inlet (hereinafter HPV), to which air is supplied from the corresponding pipeline of the ship; - the “NETWORK” connector, through which the main power supply from the power electrical network of the ship is provided; - connector of the communication line, through the bus and wires of which the exchange of information with the CPU is provided, as well as the redundant power supply of the TSB microprocessor board; - dynamics of an underwater acoustic, for example piezoelectric, through which speech commands and codes are transmitted from the CPU to the air and water environment of the compartment; - white MORSE buttons for transmitting codes, such as Morse code, to the CPU instead of traditional blows with a sledgehammer; - buttons "FIRE" in red, "SMOKE" in yellow and "CLEARING" in green, which are constantly illuminated and covered with a transparent cap-lid with a seal; - traffic lights of red, yellow and green lights to indicate the level of danger in the compartment; - IVZ hydraulic valve; - hydraulic switch IVZ for manual control of water supply; - hydraulic cooling valve for supplying cold water to the lower layer of water on the deck of the compartment; - received water meter, which is then directed to the IVZ hydraulic valve and / or the cooling hydraulic valve; - "Water cooling" holes in the sealed TSB case, from which the water from the received water meter through the cooling hydraulic valve is poured directly into the lower water layer above the compartment deck, which eliminates water overheating, and the water temperature above the compartment deck is controlled by external temperature sensors of the upper and lower layers water; - a reducer for lowering VVD to VSD, the upper half of the body of which is supplemented with a tube for communication with the compartment air through an opening in the sealed case of the ESB, thereby equalizing the air pressure above the reducer membrane with the air pressure in the compartment, due to which the VSP stably exceeds the air pressure in the compartment, for example by 0 , 92 MPa; - VSD outputs, according to the number of pulmonary organs; - pneumatic valves of the VSD for each outlet of the VSD; - pneumatic switches for manual control of the VSD for each outlet of the VSD; - VSD counters, according to which the air flow rate of each outlet of the VSD is analyzed, and the beginning of the outflow of air, at least at one outlet of the VSD, is a sign of an accident for the central control room, but with a sharp increase in the flow rate of the VSD and a rapid increase in air pressure in the compartment, for example, in case of a breakdown of the SHSD or combat defeat of the VSD pipeline, the VSD outlet is closed by the corresponding VSD pneumatic valve; - bypass tubes of the VSD for each outlet of the VSD, which bypass the pneumatic valve of the VSD from the output of the corresponding VSD counter to the second input of the pneumatic switch for manual control of the VSD; - electrical connector "PUMP" for connecting the compartment drainage unit; - electrical connector "TEN" for connecting a thermal electric heater for water on the deck of the compartment or air in the compartment; - electrical connectors "Wetsuit heating", according to the number of VSD outputs, for connecting the wetsuit heating cable; - electrical connector "FIRE" for starting the fire extinguishing system, for example, with spraying fine mist from distilled water, the signal for which is generated after pressing the button "FIRE" or by the TSB microprocessor to analyze information from sensors, but with a standard delay for self-training of the crew, as well as immediately at the command of the CPU or after pressing the "FIRE" button three times; - microprocessor board, which analyzes the signals of sensors, buttons, for example, a hydraulic valve for water supply to the IVZ is turned on or a signal is generated at the "FIRE" connector when a dangerous increase in air temperature in the compartment is predicted, as well as other algorithms for saving the crew and survivability of the ship are being worked out, but taking into account commands and permissions of the CPU, as well as a test of the health of the communication line with the CPU; - the "Battery" cable, which ends with a connector for connecting to an external backup power source, - sensors for temperature and pressure of air in the compartment, infrared radiation and smoke, monitoring the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the presence of hazardous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, sensors for temperature, level and PH-water above the deck of the compartment and other necessary hazard sensors, such as radiation, which are connected to the corresponding connectors of the TSB; - a backup power source, in the sealed part of which there is a battery, a battery charge indicator on the battery charge and discharge control board, a hand-held electric generator and a "TSB" connector, to which the "Battery" cable is connected from the TSB, which provides emergency power to the TSB or recharging the backup battery a power source from the TSB, as well as into the leaky part of which a replaceable disposable battery, for example, a water-filled type, is inserted, and an underwater floodlight, for example, an LED, with a brightness control of the floodlight is fixed on the pivot stand on the outside of the back-up power supply housing - an electric heater for water and / or air, which is connected via a wire to the "TEN" connector of the TSB, and, in the absence of an accident, the electric heater for water and / or air performs the function of an automatic backup and / or additional heater for the compartment air; - a drainage pump, for example, a centrifugal drainage pump, a compartment drainage unit, which is connected via the "PUMP" cable to the "PUMP" connector of the TSB, and is used in case of water flow and / or after the elimination of an accident to pump water from the compartment overboard the surface ship or into the drainage tank a submarine ship, and distilled water from the drainage tank is returned to the fire tank by a separate pump through a purification filter, where a distilled water cooler is built between the drainage tank and the fire tank, based on the transfer of heat, for example, to the strong hull of the ship, or, in case of water flow in the emergency compartment, periodically drained overboard the ship, for example, by controlling valves and pumping air pressure; - rescue scuba gear with a pressure at the outlet of the VSD connector, for example 0.92 MPa, which includes a small cylinder with an oxygen-helium mixture painted with blue luminescent paint, a crane painted with orange luminescent paint, an VSD reducer, a short hose between the VSD reducer and the connector VSD, a decompression control device, shoulder and shoulder straps, as well as a short blinking lamp on a battery that automatically turns on in the dark, for example, a water-filled type, which allows you to find a rescue scuba in complete darkness; - an inflatable rescue bib with an air balloon; - a rescue parachute with a strap, for example, the PP-2 parachute system with an automatic ascent; moreover, the number of coil blocks connected to the outlets of the TSB VSD, boxes and diving suits must correspond to the number of crew members in the compartment plus at least one set of inspectors. 2. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to remove the upper layer of hot, chemically hazardous and / or excess water from the compartment, a corrugated hose of the unit is put on the suction pipe of the drainage pump of the compartment drainage unit, the other end of which is fixed under a fire-resistant float, for example, made of metal floating on the surface of the water above the deck, and the entrance of the corrugated hose of the unit is protected by a mesh, which prevents floating objects from being sucked into the pump, and sensors for the temperature of the upper layer of water and the presence of pumped water are installed under the fire-resistant float, which are connected to the TSB through the PUMP connector ". 3. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to prevent water flow through the drainage pipe, which, for example, passes through the watertight bulkhead of the ship, a non-return valve is built between the drainage pump and the drainage pipe, which excludes the ingress of water and / or VVD into the compartment through the drain pipe. 4. KSEC according to claim 3, characterized in that in order to control the volume of water above the deck of the compartment, between the drainage pump and the non-return valve, a pumped-out water meter is built in, which is connected to the TSB, for example, via separate wires through the "PUMP" electrical connector, moreover, for the CPU, the TSB microprocessor calculates the estimated volume of water in the compartment based on the difference between the counters of the received water and the pumped out water, where the negative value of the calculated water volume indicates the presence and volume of water flow, and also independently determines the actual volume of water in the compartment, which is calculated by the TSB microprocessor by multiplying data from the water level sensor above the deck by the area of the compartment deck. 5. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to reduce the volume of water poured by the IVZ into the compartment and prevent damage to the equipment of the compartment by water, a metal niche bath is built under the deck of the compartment, for example, more than one meter deep, with a hatch cover in a deck with a built-in porthole made of fire-resistant glass, for example, a monolithic fire-prevention glass, additionally covered with an infrared filter, which inside and / or outside, in addition to fire-resistant glass, is covered with a non-combustible material with low thermal conductivity, and in which the crew is sheltered, as well as TSBs are fixed, blocking coils, boxes, an electric heater of water and / or air, a backup power supply unit, a compartment drainage unit, rescue scuba gear and inflatable bibs, rescue parachutes, where the horizontal fan-shaped shower of the water curtain unit is fixed at the top of the metal niche bath, but below the hatch cover, and a metal niche bathtub, which is supplemented with an air conditioner for dehumidification, serves as a place to sleep during a hike crew shift, which ensures its protection from the first seconds of the accident and prompt replacement of a part of the crew on duty shift, disabled at the critical moment of the accident. 6. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the survival rate of the crew in the event of a TSB failure, for example, when it is completely de-energized, the handle of the VSD pneumatic switch has three positions: - to the left as far as it will go - air is supplied to the VSD outlet constantly; - middle position - air is supplied to the outlet of the VSD through the pneumatic valve of the VSD; - to the right until it stops - the air at the outlet of the VSD is closed. 7. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to increase the survival rate of the crew in the event of a TSB failure, the handle of the IVZ hydroswitch has three positions: - to the left until it stops - water is supplied to the IVZ outlet constantly; - middle position - water is supplied to the IVZ outlet through the IVZ hydraulic valve; - to the right as far as it will go - the water at the IVZ outlet is forcibly closed. 8. KSEK according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to ensure compatibility with the existing rescue equipment of the submariner (hereinafter referred to as SSP), for example, with the fittings of the SGP-1 diving suit, a mask with an intercom from the IDA-59M isolating breathing apparatus, the SHSD connectors are interchangeable with fittings SSP and / or KSEK are supplemented with adapters, which, for example, fit into a box together with a lung and a mask. 9. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to connect the pulmonary to the VND pipeline of existing BSC, for example, in an emergency situation or during training, the pulmonary is supplemented with a removable latch-lock, which ensures that the forced water displacement button is held in a constant pressed position , which ensures the direct passage of the VND into the mouthpiece without reduction by the inhalation valve. 10. KSEK according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to prevent crew overcooling, the diving suit is supplemented with internal electric low voltage heaters and an electrical connector with a switch, which is connected via a detachable cable to the “Diving suit heating” connector of the TSB. 11. KSEK according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to reduce the size of the coil unit and increase the flexibility of the ShSD, which are achieved by reducing the outer diameter of the ShSD, a hollow VSD battery of arbitrary shape is embedded between the ShSD and the armature connector, in which a section of the SHSD, compressed air is continuously accumulated to the mass necessary for a full inhalation, and the VVD accumulator is attached to a diving suit or to a crew uniform, for example, to a belt and is connected to the connector of the pulmonary armature through a corrugated VVD hose, which has a flow area several times larger than the flow area ShSD. 12. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of evacuating the crew from the flooded compartment through, for example, an internal tube torpedo tube with open front and rear covers, or through an adjacent flooded compartment, each crew member, while remaining in a mask and a diving suit, an inflatable rescue bib is put on, the pulmonary switches from ShSD TSE to ShSD rescue scuba gear and independently exits through the open tube of the torpedo compartment or a hole in the hull, moving the rescue scuba gear and the rescue parachute in front of him with straps. 13. KSEC according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to reduce the rate of evacuation, the rescue scuba gear and the rescue parachute are combined into a single unit, to which a folded inflatable rescue bib is attached, which allows you to move as quickly as possible inside the tube of the torpedo tube and put on an inflatable rescue bib and a single unit already in the open water space, and a single unit is attached with a thong strap to the waist belt of the evacuee before entering the ship's torpedo tube, and the inflatable rescue bib is connected to the single unit by a separate cable with a carbine, which prevents their loss.

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