RU2726929C1 - Lightweight nylon postresection prosthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, particularly to orthopaedic dentistry, and can be used for complex-jaw prosthesis of patients with extensive defects of maxillofacial tissues. Post-examination ocular nylon prosthesis for an upper jaw defect consists of a first occlusive part made of a nylon plate moulded on a vacuum press apparatus in form of "brimmed hat" for immersion in defect of jaw with inlet in form of neck with possibility of folding and straightening with edges extending beyond bone defect by 3–5 mm, and also a prosthesis, having a basis and a second occlusive part, a hollow, semi-moon-shaped part having the possibility of penetrating into the first occlusive part at depth of 10 mm.EFFECT: invention provides the possibility of using the complex form (with entry into the defect in the form of a bottle neck) in large, multicomponent defects and their tight obturation.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to orthopedic dentistry, and can be used when carrying out complex-jaw prosthetics of patients with extensive tissue defects in the maxillofacial region.

Known resection removable denture of the upper jaw, containing a base with artificial teeth and an obturator corresponding to the configuration of the defect. The obturator is made of monolithic silicone with a retention hole and is detachably connected to the base with artificial teeth by means of a fixing element made in the form of a projection with a spherical head made of silicone, while the retention hole repeats the shape of the fixing element. (RF patent 2283064 dated 18.03.2005). The disadvantages of this prosthesis are the complexity of its manufacture, poor polishability of the prosthesis, as a result of which plaque retention and inconvenience of use.

Known is a maxillary prosthesis-obturator made monolithic of structural material and having a basis with artificial teeth, characterized in that the obturator reproduces the shape of the anastomosis of the operating field, the lower border of the obturator fits snugly to the mucous membrane of the anastomosis of the operating field, and the upper border of the obturator is oval in shape and has a different thickness and the length programmed depending on the elasticity of the oral mucosa (RF Patent No. 2489113 dated 08/10/2013).

The disadvantages of this prosthesis are that the obturator with thin walls is prone to deformation during chewing, which creates an excessive excursion of the entire prosthesis. This leads to injury to the oral mucosa. The disadvantage of this prosthesis is also the inconvenience when used by the patient, namely during installation and removal.

The objective of the present invention is to create a resection removable prosthesis of the upper jaw, which allows you to completely eliminate these disadvantages.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the obturation of the defect in the nasal or maxillary cavity occurs due to the removable obturating part made of a soft nylon plate with the possibility of its penetration into defects with a narrow entrance, expanding later. The actual post-resection prosthesis is made of nylon. The obturating part of the actual post-resection prosthesis is made of a hollow, crescent shape, with the exception of the contact zone of the two obturating elements of the prosthesis, which significantly reduces its weight. This design of the prosthesis can be used for large, multi-cavity defects of a complex shape (with the entrance to the defect in the form of a bottle neck) and obturate them tightly. In this case, the weight of the prosthesis will be minimal.

A design of a lightweight nylon complex-jaw post-resection prosthesis with a soft obturating part is proposed, in which the obturating part made of a thin nylon plate tightly lining the bone defect of the upper jaw is separated from the main prosthesis and is a consumable part for instant replacement or, if necessary, is quickly made from a standard plate by vacuum pressing on a plaster models in accordance with the new boundaries of the bone defect of the upper jaw.

The claimed resection prosthesis consists of 2 parts:

1. An occlusive part made of a thin (0.3 mm) nylon plate from the manufacturer DiscusDental and pressed on a DiscusDental vacuum press from a gypsum model of the upper jaw. The excess plate is cut in such a way that the edges of the bone defect along the entire perimeter are covered by 3-4 mm to hold the removable obturating part

2. The actual nylon post-resection prosthesis, which is fitted in the oral cavity after fixation of the obturating plate in the bone defect and has an obturating part that plunges into the plate recess, but does not repeat it, but is made of a hollow, semilunar shape.

Since the obturating part of the prostheses becomes infected very quickly under the influence of secretions from the nasopharynx and the oral cavity, the obturating part offered by us from the plate can be made as a consumable part in several copies.

The method of manufacturing a lightweight nylon post-resection prosthesis of the upper jaw with a soft occlusive part is as follows:

- the bone defect of the upper jaw is tightly packed with moist sterile napkins so that the edges of the defect remain open to a depth of 10 mm;

- impressions are taken from both jaws with alginate or silicone mass;

- models are cast from plaster;

- the model of the upper jaw is installed on the platform of the vacuum apparatus and crimped on it with a standard nylon plate.

- the pressed plate is removed from the plaster model of the upper jaw, the obturating part of the plate is cut with scissors or a cutter so that the edges of the plate overlap the bone defect along the entire perimeter by 5 mm;

- the obturating plate in the form of a "hat with brim" is folded in the form of a fan to facilitate its introduction into a complex bone defect of the upper jaw, where it straightens itself after insertion and is held in the bone defect.

- an impression is taken from the upper jaw with alginate or silicone mass;

- the impression is cast in plaster, after removing the plate in the form of a "hat with brim" from it;

- a wax base with wax rollers is made;

- Central occlusion or central relation of the jaws is determined;

- setting of artificial teeth;

- fitting of the wax construction of the prosthesis in the oral cavity;

- Dental stages of manufacturing a nylon prosthesis, processing, polishing;

- in the oral cavity, first, the nylon obturating part of the prosthesis is fitted, then a replacement nylon post-resection prosthesis is fitted, in which the obturating part of the main prosthesis, made hollow, fits tightly into the removable obturating part.

Due to the retention of the occluding part in the bone defect and the tight connection of the first and second parts, given the low weight of the nylon prosthesis with the hollow occluding part, good fixation of the post-resection complex jaw prosthesis is ensured.

Brief Description of Drawings:

FIG. 1 - bone defect of the upper jaw (maxillary sinus);

FIG. 2 - nylon obturating part;

FIG. 3 - nylon prosthesis with a hollow obturating part of a crescent shape, where 1 is the basis of the prosthesis, 2 is the second hollow obturating part;

FIG. 4 - tight contact of two obturating parts of a post-resection prosthesis, where 3 is a nylon obturating part (obturating part No. 1), 4 a prosthesis with a hollow obstructing part having a semilunar shape (obturating part No. 2).

Claims (1)

The post-resection obturating nylon prosthesis for the upper jaw defect consists of the first obturating part made of a nylon plate molded on a vacuum press in the form of a "hat with brim" for immersion in the jaw defect with an entrance in the form of a neck with the possibility of folding and straightening with the edges emerging for a bone defect by 3-5 mm, and also a prosthesis having a basis and a second obturating part, made of a hollow, semilunar shape, having the ability to penetrate to a depth of 10 mm into the first obturating part.

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