RU2311154C2 - Resectional removable maxillary denture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, orthopedic stomatology.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with removing extensive defects of soft tissues and osseous structures of facial skeleton of different etiology in operated patients at bilateral maxillary resection. The innovation could be, also, applied in patients with inborn defects of hard and soft palates. The suggested denture contains a hard basis with artificial teeth and a monolithic obturator that corresponds to the defects configuration. The obturator is designed to be monolithic, out of silicone or a silicone-based composite with retention foramens and it is detachably connected with the basis with artificial teeth, that has about 3-5 fixing elements as protrusions with a spherical head and a cervix for connection with the obturator. The ratio of the diameters of the head and the cervix corresponds to 2:1. Fixing elements are located along external edge of the basis by repeating the form of a dental arch, or in the middle of a hard palate. In case of 3 fixing elements, one of them is installed upon a frontal part in area of central incisors, and two other - in area of the 6^th-7^th teeth. In case of 4 fixing elements, two of them are located in area of the 3d teeth, and two other - in area of the 7^th-6^th teeth. In case of 5 fixing elements, two of them are located in area of the 3d teeth, and two - in area of the 7^th-6^th teeth, as for the 5^th - it is located in the middle of a hard palate.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to orthopedic dentistry, and is intended to eliminate extensive defects of soft tissues and bone structures of the facial skeleton of various etiologies in operated patients with bilateral (complete) resection of the upper jaw. In addition, it can be used in patients with congenital defects of the hard and soft palate.

Known prosthesis for closing the palate after complete resection of the upper jaw (patent SU 1537239, publ. 23.01.90, Bull. No. 3, priority from 07.21.87, authors: V.I. Glushkin and others). The prosthesis contains a rigid acrylic base with artificial teeth, an obturator made in the form of a hemisphere, along the edges of which there are tides, and an L-shaped pelot located frontally for insertion into one of the lower nasal passages. All structural elements are integral and made of basic plastic. This prosthesis is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the excessive volume of the entire structure, the difficulties encountered by the patient when removing and putting on the prosthesis, as well as its invasiveness, since the rigid elements of the obturator injure soft tissues in the retention zones; Also, this prosthesis does not create a sufficiently complete tightness between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a resection removable denture of the upper jaw, which allows to eliminate these disadvantages.

The inventive resection removable denture of the upper jaw consists of a base with artificial teeth and an elastic obturator. The basis has from 3 to 5 fixing elements in the form of protrusions with a spherical head and a neck for connection with the obturator. The ratio of the diameters of the neck head is 2: 1. For example, with a head diameter of 8-10 mm, the neck diameter is 4-5 mm. The fixing elements are located on the outer edge of the basis, repeating the shape of the dental arch. The obturator is made monolithic, completely repeats the defect configuration and has from 3 to 5 retention holes that exactly repeat the shape of the fixing elements of the base, which allows to achieve a tight and durable connection of the two parts of the removable resection prosthesis with the upper jaw.

The basis is made in the usual way from acrylic plastic.

Silicone was used to make the obturator (GosSil material, registration certificate of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 29/13111202 / 5107-03. OKP code: 939150).

The technical result of the claimed invention is the simplicity and ease of use by its patient, ease of manufacture, ensuring complete tightness between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity, its non-injuries. The chewing function is fully restored, since the silicone-based composition in the monolith used for the manufacture of the obturator has a sufficient degree of rigidity to transmit chewing pressure and is not deformed. At the same time, it is quite flexible and supple, as a result of which the obturator tightly fills the postoperative defect, providing complete tightness between the oral cavity and nose. The patient improves phonation. In addition, the elasticity of the obturator facilitates its introduction into the cavity of the defect and removal from it without injuring the surrounding tissue.

The resectional denture of the upper jaw is simple to manufacture, does not require sophisticated equipment, and can be made in any dental laboratory.

The drawing shows a schematic drawing of a combined removable denture of the upper jaw mounted in place of a postoperative defect.

The resectional removable prosthesis of the upper jaws contains a removable silicone obturator 1 connected to an acrylic base 2 with artificial teeth 3, having locking elements 4 with a head 5 and a neck 6. The removable silicone obturator 1 has retention holes inside (from 3 to 5 holes depending on the number fixing elements). The number of fixing elements depends on the anatomical dimensions of the jaw and the individual characteristics of the patient.

If the basis of the prosthesis has three fixing elements, then one of them is installed on the frontal area in the region of the central incisors, and the other two in the region of sixth and seventh teeth. If the prosthesis has four fixing elements, then two of them are located in the region of the third teeth, and two in the region of the seventh to sixth teeth. In the presence of five fixing elements, one of them is in the middle of the hard palate, and four are located as in the previous case.

To restore the postoperative defect, the patient independently enters the obturator into the cavity of the defect, then establishes a basis with artificial teeth, which is tightly fixed with the obturator using fixing elements.

The inventive resection removable denture of the upper jaw was made and installed in 10 patients in the GU RONTs im.N.N. Blokhin RAMS. Adaptation occurred within 14 days, the phonation in patients was restored, there were no bedsores and scuffs, chewing function was restored, tightness between the horny and nasal cavities was achieved.

Claims (1)

Resectional removable denture of the upper jaw containing a solid basis with artificial teeth and a monolithic obturator corresponding to the defect configuration, characterized in that the obturator is made monolithic of silicone or silicone-based composite with retention holes and is detachably connected to the basis with artificial teeth having from three to five locking elements in the form of protrusions with a spherical head and neck for connection with the obturator, the ratio of the diameters of the head and neck is 2: 1, while the fixing elements The tapes are located on the outer edge of the base, repeating the shape of the dental arch, or in the middle of the hard palate, and in the presence of three fixing elements, one of them is installed on the frontal area in the region of the central incisors, and the other two in the region of sixth-seventh teeth or if four fixing elements, two of them are located in the region of the third teeth, and two in the region of the seventh-sixth teeth, or in the presence of five fixing elements, two of them are located in the region of the third teeth, and two in the region of the seventh-sixth teeth, and fifth in the middle Verdi sky.

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