RU2720757C1 - Complex emergency evacuation to ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: means of evacuation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of evacuating people from emergency offshore facilities. Complex of emergency evacuation to ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms includes collective rescue devices including launching devices for personnel delivery to rescue ship. Release devices for delivery of personnel to rescue vessel are arranged on lower deck. Pivoting boom with load transfer carriage is arranged along platform side equipped with disengagement mechanism and pulley through which cable rope is connected. Cable-rope is connected by its main end to deck winch or track equipped with electric connector of electric power supply to cable-rope, and running end is connected to rescue boat.

EFFECT: higher safety during evacuation of personnel from emergency offshore platform and its delivery by air to rescue ship.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rescue equipment at sea. More specifically, to the means of evacuating people from emergency marine facilities.

It is known that the currently existing means of rescue and evacuation do not always have the proper effectiveness.

So, for example, for the conditions of the Arctic zone, which are characterized by the presence of ice cover, low air and water temperatures, with the transience of emergency situations, the issues of personnel evacuation efficiency are very acute.

In ice conditions, rescue from offshore facilities, for example, from floating facilities for the production, preparation and shipment of hydrocarbons, floating drilling rigs, offshore stationary platforms and drilling ships and offshore oil and gas platforms (MNE) and other structures up to 20-30 m above sea level using existing collective rescue equipment (KSS) and evacuation (life rafts, lifeboats, helicopters) not only does not guarantee the success of the rescue operation, but in some cases is practically not feasible.

The main disadvantages of the known collective rescue equipment are:

- the inability to use in difficult ice conditions;

- low reliability in conditions of low and extremely low temperatures;

- the complexity of the design, due to the requirements of shockless launching of rescue equipment on ice and to ensure the safety of evacuated people;

- low probability of guaranteed departure of KSS to a safe distance from the emergency facility in a short time. For example, the Canadian TEMPSC lifeboat in ice with a solidity of more than 7 points cannot practically move;

- the need to place on the KSS a sufficiently powerful power plant for movement in ice conditions, which in turn leads to an increase in the displacement of the KSS, complicating a number of other operational characteristics (Sazonov N.E. “Life-saving appliances for ice conditions: state of the issue and possible solutions The journal “Arctic: Economics and Ecology”, No. 4 (12). - 2013, p. 32-39 [1]).

Also known are similar technical solutions (patents RU No. 2288132 C2. 11/27/2006 [2], RU No. 43467 U1, 01/27/2005 [3], RU No. 2574673 C1, 02/10/2016 [4], RU No. 2574674 C1, 10.02. 2016 [5], copyright certificate SU No. 1625776 A1, 02/07/1991 [6], application RU No. 2009146819 A, 06/27/2011 [7], US patents No. 4639229 A, 01/27/1987 [8], US No. 6678395 B2, 01/13/2004 [9]) have restrictions on their use in high latitudes.

So, for example, the known device for receiving rescue equipment on board a rescue vessel comprises a slip, a towing winch with a tow rope, and a rescue craft gripping unit connected to the tow rope, provided with an unmanned aerial vehicle with a remote control, mover and a cargo winch mounted on the body of this aircraft, and a remote control unit for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a rescue capture unit the craft is made in the form of a mesh net-shaped mash with a flexible elastic support ring in the lower part, a mesh dome in the upper part and with coupling rings installed around the perimeter of the elastic support ring on the coupling cable, while the coupling cable on a flexible elastic support ring of the mesh-shaped mesh is connected with the running end of the towing cable of the towing winch, and the dome of the net-shaped scaffold is connected by means of a cargo cable to the cargo winch of an unmanned aerial vehicle and to a node remotely about the control of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the remote control unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle is connected to the controls of an unmanned aerial vehicle by a radio channel and is made in the form of an automatic control system for the movement of an unmanned aerial vehicle at the angles of roll, pitch, speed, course and height of movement, in which the remote control unit unmanned aerial vehicle contains a complex of satellite radio navigation system such as GPS or GLONASS, through which ayut control signals for the drone considering environmental hydro-meteorological conditions in the area of the rescue and the current motion parameters of the drone [4].

Also known is a device for rescue on water, used at a disaster site and delivered to it by aircraft, made in the form of a homing underwater vehicle, which includes an acoustic system for the detection and direction finding of a person in distress on water with a sonar beacon placed on it, a trawl network when folded, connected by a cable-rope with a homing underwater vehicle, and a container-raft made of a sealed elastomeric material on which a pre-mounted gas book, which also contains a parametric sonar operating in the difference frequency range from 5 to 50 kHz, step search sonar with horizontal and vertical scanning using high-frequency and low-frequency channels (60/153 or 85/215 kHz), thermal imager, connected to information outputs with an information input of an acoustic system for detecting and direction finding a person in distress on water, a receiver-indicator of a satellite radio navigation system, an information input-output connected to formation input-output of the acoustic system for the detection and direction finding of a person in distress on water. [5].

These devices [4, 5] are not collective rescue equipment when evacuating to ice from a height of 20-30 meters and having the ability to quickly move away from an emergency marine facility.

In addition, in accordance with the current regulatory documents for emergency rescue support (ASO) of floating facilities for the production, preparation and shipment of hydrocarbons, floating drilling rigs, offshore stationary platforms and drilling ships, the object principle is carried out by locating the ASD vessel in the MNP activity zone.

At present, there is practically no means of collective rescue during evacuation to ice from a height of 20-30 meters and having the ability to quickly move away from an emergency marine facility.

Currently, emergency evacuation and collective rescue equipment for personnel and crew (hereinafter referred to as personnel) of offshore platforms (MP) - stationary and floating oil and gas production complexes, are mainly equipped with inflatable rafts and lifeboats. These products are oriented to a clean water surface.

In the ice conditions of the Arctic seas, the presence of a hummock barrier of small ice floes, broken ice, hummocks, large ice fields, at the foot of the MP such rescue tools are ineffective, and in some cases useless. At the same time, large ice fields do not allow the emergency rescue vessel on duty to approach the MP.

Examples of the ice environment (landscape of the ice surface) near the MP show that the abstract term - ice in real conditions is specified in hummocks, ice ridges, tents, boulders, ice floes of various sizes and cohesion, fields. The height of hummocks can reach 20 m (Internet source- http://shelf-neft.gazprom.ru/d/blockonthemainpage/04/4/prezentatsiya-proekta-prirazlomnoe.-final. 04.07_edit2.pdf. [10]) . In the Arctic seas, the average height of hummocks lies in the range of 7-8 m. To overcome them, rescue equipment must have high maneuverability.

Work on the creation of rescue equipment for MP personnel in ice conditions is being carried out with varying success by various organizations, firms and industrial enterprises. The created models of rescue equipment have their pros and cons, but there are practically no real achievements at present.

As an example, you can consider the rescue vessel IBEEV (Internet source- http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/docs/4/2812/29/032_039_ARKTIKA_4/2812/29_12_2013.pdf [11]). The vessel is designed to overcome hummocky ice in the Caspian Sea. It is known that in the Arctic seas the ice thickness is much greater than the ice thickness in the Caspian Sea and is more than 1.5 m. Moreover, the Arctic MPs are located at great distances from the emergency rescue forces base points and it is impossible to overcome the IBEEV vessel for several hundred kilometers.

Tractor-type life-saving equipment ARCTOS designed in Canada is used for water areas of the Caspian Sea (Internet source- http://forum.zr.ru/forum/topic/387987-arktos-kanadskij-variant-vsedorozhnika/ [12]). However, it has low stability and a high probability of tipping over when leaving the water on ice.

The descent of such a tool onto the ice from the MP deck with a height of about 20 m leads to significant shock loads on the hull, mechanisms and personnel of the rescue equipment inside. Reducing shock loads requires complicating the design of damping overloads, etc. technical solutions similar to airborne landing of armored vehicles.

The problem is also the implementation of the rapid departure of rescue equipment from the emergency MP. Not only a quick departure is required, but also guarantees for this operation. Broken ice creates a very large hydrodynamic resistance to the movement of life-saving appliances. So, for example, a boat designed to move in broken ice with an ice concentration of 7 points cannot move. The development of a domestic model of life-saving equipment, based on the use of a rotor-screw propeller, showed the impossibility of overcoming hummocks with a height of more than 3-4 m due to low maneuverability.

To ensure guaranteed salvation of personnel, two scenarios of leaving the MP must be implemented - this is the descent of personnel in collective rescue equipment (KSS) onto the ice cover of various terrain, as well as the quick departure of the KSS from the emergency MP.

In case of a fire at the MP, the execution time of these two main scenarios is very critical. In certain conditions, rescue (evacuation) of the MP personnel is possible by the emergency rescue vessel on duty. However, the presence of a large ice sheet in area and thickness between the MP and the rescue vessel cannot always ensure the completion of this operation.

As a prototype selected CMP and evacuation means MP "Prirazlomnaja" (Internet source- https://docviewer.yandex.ru/view/58042574/?*=XQD4Q62U41Q58yaCOSXx8tMLCWp7InVybCI6Imh0dHA6Ly9zaGVsZiluZWZ0LmdhenByb20ucnUvZC9ibG9ja29udGhlbWFpbnBhZ2UvMDQvNC9wcmV6ZW50YXRz [13]), which is provided by the emergency evacuation of personnel. At the same time, lifeboats are provided for evacuation to a clean water surface, and inflatable rafts are provided for evacuating personnel on ice.

Evacuation bridges with trigger arms are provided for moving personnel from the MP deck to the liferaft. The project does not provide for the presence of a hummock barrier of a certain area, which is an insurmountable obstacle for inflatable rafts. In addition, during the allotted evacuation time (up to 120 minutes according to the degree of fire resistance of the premises), the operation of lowering 240 people from the MP deck to ice may not be feasible. The vehicle launched at the MP side (ice deflector) does not have the ability to move away from it in broken ice. Timely assistance from the emergency rescue vessel on duty may not take place due to the possible development of a fire at the MP. Thus, the possible rescue scenarios of the Prirazlomnaya MP personnel are oriented towards clean water and do not provide personnel rescue in ice conditions. In such conditions, it is more preferable to evacuate personnel by means of cable technology moving.

Also known is the “rope complex for evacuating people from an offshore facility to an emergency rescue vessel” (application RU No. 2017113802 dated 04/20/2017 [14]).

The well-known rope complex for evacuating people from an offshore facility to an emergency rescue vessel [14] contains a load-carrying rope and a traction cable, the root ends of which are connected to the ship’s winch, the free end of the load-carrying rope being rigidly fixed to the object, and the free end of the traction cable is passed through a winch (spire), a ship winch of a load-carrying rope is additionally equipped with a view, the free ends of the rope and cable are connected in series with the conductors to deliver them to the object, the complex is equipped with a quad by an okopter, carrying an extension cord connected to the free ends of the conductors, the traction cable is formed in the form of a closed loop, wound on the winch of the object and sequentially on the ship's drive drive view with a winch, controlled together with the winch of the load-carrying rope by a synchronization unit, and for evacuating people to the complex sets of individual safety harnesses are included with carriages and brake clips for the traction cable fixed for transporting people on a load-carrying rope.

At the same time, the complex is equipped with a line gauge carrying an exhaust cord connected to the free ends of the conductors, the traction cable is formed in the form of a closed loop, wound on the winch of the object and sequentially on the ship's drive drive view with winch, controlled together with the winch of the load-carrying rope by the synchronization unit, and for evacuation people, the complex includes sets of individual safety hanging equipment with carriages and brake clamps secured for transporting people on a load-carrying rope s for power cable.

A disadvantage of the known device [14] is the complexity of the design of the rope complex, which includes a load-carrying rope, a traction cable, a winch of a load-carrying rope, a view of a load-carrying rope, a winch of a traction cable, a drive drive view, a synchronizer unit, a spire, another winch, a conductor, an extension cord, quadrocopter, carriage, brake clamp. In addition, the safe operation of this design is limited by favorable weather conditions.

Currently, there are various classes of amphibious vessels that perform multi-purpose work as all-terrain vehicles in conditions where the use of other modes of transport is impossible.

Projects such as amphibious vessels “Sever”, “Cayman”, “Irbis” and others (Internet source- http://activeplanet.ru/content/doc111.html [15]) provide delivery of people and goods (with high speed and over long distances), maneuvering between hummocks about 0.8 m high, overcoming hummock ice, wormwood, ice fields, etc. obstacles. The work of such vessels is focused on the climatic conditions of the northern latitudes.

However, due to limited motor resources, such amphibious class equipment is placed on icebreakers of the LK-16 and LK-60 type when performing search and rescue operations in the northern latitudes.

The objective of the present invention is to increase safety during the evacuation of personnel from an emergency MP and its delivery by air to a rescue vessel, with the subsequent delivery of personnel to a safe distance from the MP in ice conditions.

The task is achieved due to the fact that in the emergency evacuation complex on ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms, containing collective rescue equipment, including launching devices for delivering personnel to a rescue vessel, launching devices for delivering personnel to a rescue vessel are located on the lower deck, rotary cargo an arrow with a load carriage is placed along the side of the platform, equipped with a trip mechanism with it and a pulley, through which a cable cable is connected, connected by a root th end to deck winch (damper) equipped with electrical connector supplying electric power to the cable-cable, running end connected to the rescue vessel. In this case, the rescue vessel is made in the form of an amphibious vessel, placed on the side of the board below the deck of the platform, the running end of the cable is connected through the control station of the electric propeller, located in the nozzle with a mechanism for regulating the air flow in the transverse direction of the vessel and fixed in its bow , the running end of the cable is fixed to the vessel by means of a hitch, the landing platform for receiving evacuated platform personnel is placed on the rescue vessel when descending along the navigation ntsu cable-rope in personal flotation device.

The task is achieved in that the evacuation of personnel is carried out by air.

The descent from the MP deck to the ice surface was performed using crane equipment, and personnel are transported from the emergency MP using an amphibious vessel.

In order to demonstrate the distinctive features of the claimed technical solution as an example, not having any restrictive character, the preferred embodiment of its implementation on a stationary type MP is described.

In FIG. 1, 2, 3 shows the emergency evacuation complex on ice of MP personnel, where the positions are: sea platform 1, cargo boom 2, carriage 3, trip mechanism 4, pulley 5, cable-rope 6, deck winch 7, electrical connector 8, amphibious vessel 9, a platform 10 for accommodating an amphibious vessel 9, a propeller control station 11 in the nozzle, a hitch 12, a receiving platform 13, an individual rescue tool 14, a surface 15.

The principle of operation of the emergency evacuation complex on the ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms.

The proposed application describes a technical solution for building a complex of emergency evacuation of MP personnel.

On the lower deck of 1 MP there is a cargo boom 2 with the possibility of a turn along the MP side. The carriage 3 is moved along the boom 2 by means of a transport winch 7 with a cable cable 6. The running end of the cable cable 6 is equipped with a load trip mechanism 4. A pulley 5 (“floating”) is mounted on the carriage 3 as the guide assembly of the cable 6. The root end of the cable 6 is inserted into the deck winch 7 with an electrical connector 8 for transmitting electric power to the running end of the cable 6. A platform 10 is fixed below the MP deck placement of an amphibious vessel (hovercraft) 9. On the vessel 9 there is a control station for the electric drive 11 of the propeller in the nozzle mounted in the bow of the vessel 9 in the transverse direction to the movement. In the aft end of the vessel 9 is equipped with a platform 13 for receiving evacuated personnel from the MP. Electricity from the running end of the cable 6 is supplied to the vessel 9 through the hitch 12, including as a backup power supply. The descent of personnel through the cable 6 is carried out using well-known ASC 14 to platform 13.

In an emergency, the carriage 3 moves along the cargo boom 2 deployed onboard the MP. The trip mechanism 4 is brought into the fire of the suspension cables of the vessel 9, removes it from the platform 10, raising it to the level of the MP deck. MP personnel are accommodated on the ship (the number of evacuated is determined by the passenger capacity of the ship) (Fig. 1). Then the carriage 3 returns to the base of the cargo boom 2 by means of a transport deck winch. The cargo boom 2 is deployed in the working position from the side of the MP (Fig. 2). The carriage 4 moves to the end section of the cargo boom 2. Since the roller of the carriage 3 is floating, under the influence of the load it moves to the extreme position of the cable 6 (Fig. 3).

The length of the cargo boom of 2 existing crane installations reaches 50 m, which allows you to take the vessel through the air from a section of hummock ice or select a section of the ice field with minimal hummocking. By lowering the vessel 9 to the ice surface, the ogon of the trip mechanism 4 is transferred to the hitch 12 located in the area of the platform 13.

The descent of the vessel 9 to the ice surface can be carried out both with evacuated personnel and without it. In the latter case, personnel can move along the cable 6 to the ISS 14.

At the same time, organizational measures are being taken to exclude the possibility of electric power transmission through a cable cable.

Since at present the passenger capacity of amphibious vessels is much lower than the total number of MP personnel, it is possible to place several amphibious vessels 9 on board the MP, served by a single boom 2. The amphibious vessel “detaches” the cable of cable 6 from the running end and maneuvering amphibious vessel 9 between hummocks (using an electric bow thruster control station 11) departs from the emergency MP. The evacuated personnel of the MP passes from the amphibious vessel 9 to the providing emergency rescue vessel. Amphibious vessel 9 can return to MP after the next batch of personnel. Their reception is carried out according to the above technology.

The positive effect of the invention lies in the fact that the evacuation and guaranteed departure from the emergency MP along the ice surface on an amphibious vessel, the descent of personnel to the ice surface outside the hummock ice belt, the quick departure of the proposed KSS - amphibious vessel (compared to existing KSS) from the emergency MP, supply to the amphibious vessel of reserve electricity in the event of a failure of the main source, the presence on the amphibious vessel of an additional storage area to increase passenger capacity time reversal emergency evacuation MP software evacuated on an inclined cable-tether staff personal protective equipment to move at a controlled speed and use the brake clamp. Exclusion of disruption of evacuated personnel from the cable.

Sources of information.

1. Sazonov N.E. “Life-saving appliances for ice conditions: state of the issue and possible solutions. Journal "Arctic: Economics and Ecology", No. 4 (12). - 2013, p. 32-39.

2. Patent RU No. 2288132 C2. 11/27/2006.

3. Patent RU No. 43467 U1, 01/27/2005.

4. Patent RU No. 2574673 C1, 02/10/2016.

5. Patent RU No. 2574674 C1, 02/10/2016.

6. Copyright certificate SU No. 1625776 A1, 02/07/1991.

7. Application RU No. 2009146819 A, 06/27/2011.

8. US patent No. 4639229 A, 01/27/1987.

9. US patent No. 6678395 B2, 01/13/2004.

10. Internet source-

http://www.ibrae.ac.ru/docs/4/2812/29/032_039_ARKTIKA_4/2812/29_12_2013.pdf.

11. Internet source- http://forum.zr.ru/forum/topic/387987-arktos-kanadskij-variant-vsedorozhnika/).

12. Internet source- http://forum.zr.ru/forum/topic/387987-arktos-kanadskij-variant-vsedorozhnika/

13. Internet source-

https://docviewer.yandex.ru/view/58042574/?*=XQD4Q62U41Q58yaCOSXx8tMLCWp7InVy

bCI6Imh0dHA6Ly9zaGVsZiluZWZ0LmdhenByb20ucnUvZC9ibG9ja29udGhlbWFpbnBhZ2UvMDQvNC9wcmV6ZW50YXRz.

14. Application RU No. 2017113802 from 04.20.2017.

15. Internet source- http://activeplanet.ru/content/doc111.html.

Claims (5)

1. A complex of emergency evacuation of personnel and crew of offshore platforms to ice, containing collective rescue equipment, including launching devices for delivering personnel to a rescue vessel, characterized in that launching devices for delivering personnel to a rescue vessel are located on the lower deck, a rotary cargo boom with a carriage cargo movement is placed along the side of the platform, equipped with a trip mechanism with it and a pulley, through which a cable cable is connected, connected by the root end to the deck winch or damper provided with a power supply in electrical connector-wire cable and suspension end connected to the rescue vessel. 2. The emergency evacuation complex on ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms according to claim 1, characterized in that the rescue vessel is designed as an amphibious vessel located on the side of the board below the deck of the platform. 3. The complex of emergency evacuation to ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms according to claim 1, characterized in that the running end of the cable is connected through the control station of the electric propeller, located in the nozzle with a mechanism for regulating the air flow in the transverse direction of the vessel, fixed in its nasal extremity. 4. The emergency evacuation complex on ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms according to claim 1, characterized in that the running end of the cable is fixed to the vessel by means of a hitch. 5. The emergency evacuation complex on ice of personnel and crew of offshore platforms according to claim 1, characterized in that the vessel has a platform for receiving evacuated platform personnel when lowering the cable end in the individual rescue vehicle along the running end.

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