RU2717569C1 - Projectile charge for separate loading shot - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition and can be used in designing projectile charges for separate loading shots for tank and anti-tank guns. Throwing charge for separate loading shot includes main charge isolated in combustible shells and additional charge for its attachment to projectile, igniters and powder elements, wherein all powder elements are made from high-energy ballistite powder of the same composition, into which phlegmatising additives are introduced. Main charge consists of tubular split and granulated gunpowder. Additional powder charge is assembled from monoblocks, each of which is a powder cylinder produced by a method of augmentation, with through slotted holes closed on both sides by plates from gunpowder. Units have identical height equal to height of additional charge, and are symmetrically arranged relative to longitudinal axis of combustible shell.

EFFECT: higher initial velocity of projectile, lower erosion action of combustion products and temperature gradient of propellant charge due to its design.

3 cl, 3 tbl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition (ammunition) and can be used in the design and modernization of propellant charges (MH) to separate-loading shots for tank and anti-tank guns.

It is important to use new gunpowders in the charges of shots, which have increased energy characteristics, low cost and are able to more effectively provide the kinetic energy of shells, and thereby increase the degree of armor penetration of armored objects.

Throwing charges (MH) for shots of separate loading, for example, with armor-piercing projectiles (BPS), consist of isolated from each other main and additional parts.

Separate loading shots are known, described in the Handbook of Artillery Ammunition to be Utilized and Destroyed by the Nova Publishing House, 1992 on pages 89-93, consisting of a main charge of both pyroxylin and ballistic gunpowder and an additional charge of pyroxylin gunpowder. The main and additional charges are enclosed in sealed combustible shells.

The development of tank artillery requires increasing the effectiveness of the shells at the target, which can be achieved by increasing their initial speed.

It is well known that an increase in the initial BPS speed can be achieved through the use of powerful ballistic gunpowders in the Ministry of Health, for example, APTs-235P, NDGP, NDGPO and others. The introduction of powerful ballistic powder in both charges is the best option to increase the power of the MOH and maximize the initial velocity of the projectile. However, this did not find practical application due to the fact that the safety of the functioning of the elements of the shot and the nodes of the gun when firing at low temperatures is not ensured.

So, in the invention according to the patent for the shot of the Russian Federation No. 2192610, IPC F42B 5/38, 2002, the additional charge on the projectile used in conjunction with the main charge consists of bundles of tubular pyroxylin and ballistic gunpowder. Bunches of gunpowder are fixed to the on-off part of the projectile. The disadvantage of the MOH is that it does not provide a requirement for the initial velocity of the projectile.

In the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2267079, IPC F42B 5/18, publ. 08/20/2005, in the Ministry of Health the additional charge used in conjunction with the main charge consists of bundles of tubular ballistic and pyroxylin gunpowders. The increase in the initial velocity of the projectile is provided by the ratio of the end surface of ballistic gunpowder in the bottom of the additional charge to the cross-sectional area of the additional charge equal to 0.1 ... 0.3.

Taken as a prototype, a special case of the MOH for a separate loading shot for medium and large caliber guns according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2320951, IPC F42B 5/38, publ. 03/27/2008, contains isolated from one another the main and additional charges attached to the shell, which are enclosed in sealed combustible shells, igniters and powder elements partly from high-energy ballistic gunpowder (VEP). The capacity of the MOH is increasing due to the use of EEP. The reliability of the functioning of the charge, which incorporates ballistic powder, including reduced strength, is ensured.

The use of the prototype of VEP in the Ministry of Health is aimed at increasing the power of artillery shots. However, the use in the MOH of VEP is significantly limited due to their low mechanical strength, which is insufficient to maintain the integrity of the powder elements when exposed to operational loads and gas-dynamic loads in the process of their ignition and subsequent combustion without performing certain design measures. Therefore, in addition to the tubular elements from the WEP, the prototype additionally uses tubular elements of a stronger pyroxylin powder, which serve as a supporting brace and a power rod for less durable tubular elements of ballistic powder.

A portion of tubular pyroxylin powder in the additional charge is coaxial to a sample of ballistic powder, while the mass of pyroxylin powder is 5.5 ... 20% of the mass of ballistic powder, and the mass of the additional charge is 0.4 ... 1.0 of the mass of the main charge.

The use of two types of tubular gunpowders in this MOH, which differ in their chemical composition and are not chemically inert with respect to each other, requires the use of a sealed combustible shell, in which a sample of tubular ballistic gunpowder is placed, which complicates the design of the MZ (to ensure the tightness of the shell and its combustibility without residues that impede subsequent firing, in a short shot time it is quite difficult to constructively perform in conditions of serial and mass production). The use of single-channel tubes of relatively large elongation as powder elements is also not always justified. First, when using gunpowder single-channel tubes in guns with elongated combustion chambers for guns with a relatively large elongation at the moment of ignition and initial combustion, the so-called erosive combustion develops in the tube channel, which leads to a sharp increase in pressure in the tube channel, which can lead to destruction. In this case, the pressure in the combustion chamber increases, which negatively affects the strength of the gun’s barrel and can lead to its failure. To eliminate the erosion effect, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the channel of the powder tube, which reduces the charge density and thereby limits the mass, and therefore reduces the power and efficiency of the MZ.

The objective of the proposed invention is the development of the design of the propellant charge for an artillery shot of separate loading, providing an increase in the ballistic characteristics of the shot.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the initial velocity of the projectile, reducing the hot-erosion effect of the combustion products and the temperature gradient of the pressure of the propellant charge due to its design.

To achieve the specified technical result, the MOH for a separate charge shot includes the main charge and an additional charge for attaching it to the projectile, located in combustible shells, igniters and powder elements, while according to the invention all the powder elements are made of one of the same electron guns the same composition with phlegmatizing additives, while the main charge consists of tubular split and granular gunpowder, and the additional charge is assembled from monoblocks, each of which It is a powder cylinder obtained by the auger method, with through slotted holes closed on both sides with gunpowder plates, the blocks have the same height equal to the height of the additional charge and are symmetrically placed relative to the longitudinal axis of the burning shell.

In an advantageous embodiment, in the main charge, the tubular split powder has an omega-shaped cross section.

In the particular case, the plates covering the slots of the monoblocks of an additional charge have a thickness in the range 1.5 ... 2.5 10 ^-3 m.

The invention is illustrated by drawings and examples of specific performance.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a proposed MOH;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main MOH, where the powder tubes have a longitudinal section;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main MOH, where the tubular split gunpowder has an omega-shaped cross-section;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an additional MOH;

FIG. 5 - pressure curves in the chamber of the gun when applying the MOH of the prototype and the proposed MOH, where the solid line corresponds to the prototype, and the dotted line to the patented invention.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1 - the main charge;

2 - additional charge;

3 - powder tubes of VEP with a longitudinal section;

4 - a burning shell of the main charge;

5 - granular gunpowder from VEP;

6 - lower igniter;

7 - top igniter;

8 - tubular split gunpowder from VEP with omego-shaped section;

9 - monoblock VEP with slotted holes;

10 - burning shell of an additional charge;

11 - monoblock slots;

12 - igniter capsule.

Example 1 A propellant charge for a separate charge shot (Fig. 1) includes 4, 10 placed in combustible shells, isolated from one another, the main charge 1 and an additional charge 2 for attaching it to a projectile (not shown). The main charge 1 consists of powder tubes from an EEP with a longitudinal section 3 and granular powders 5 from an EEP (Fig. 2), igniters 6, 7, an igniter capsule 12, and an additional powder charge 2 is assembled from monoblocks 9 from an EEP (Fig. 4 ), each of which is a powder cylinder obtained by the method of screwing, with through slotted holes 11, closed on both sides by plates with a thickness of 1.5 10 ^-3 m (not shown), from gunpowder of the same brand as the monoblock 9, while monoblocks have the same height equal to the height of the charge and symmetrically size scheny respect to the longitudinal axis of the shell 10 from burning.

Example 2 is similar to example 1. The difference is that the thickness of the plates is 2.5 10 ^-3 m

Example 3 A propelling charge for a separate loading shot (Fig. 1) includes 4, 10 placed in combustible shells, isolated from one another, the main charge 1 and an additional charge 2 for attaching it to a projectile (not shown). The main charge 1 consists of a tubular split gunpowder from a WEP with an omega-shaped cross section 8 and granular gunpowder 5 from a WEP (Fig. 3), igniters 6, 7, an igniter capsule 12, and an additional powder charge 2 is assembled from monoblocks 9 from a WEP (Fig. 4), each of which is a powder cylinder obtained by auger method, with through slotted holes 11 closed on both sides by plates 1.5 10 ^-3 m thick (not shown), from gunpowder of the same brand as monoblock 9 while monoblocks have the same height equal to the height of the charge and with mmetrichno arranged relative to the longitudinal axis of the shell 10 from burning.

Example 4 is similar to example 3. The difference is that the thickness of the plates is 2.5 10 ^-3 m

The work and functioning of the proposed MOH is as follows.

After operation of the lower igniter 6 from the igniter capsule 11, the granular powder 5 is ignited, the powder tubes from the VEP with a longitudinal section 3, or the tubes from the split powder from the VEP with an omega-shaped cross section 8 of the main charge 1, the upper ignitor 7 and the monoblocks 9 of the VEP of the additional powder charge 2. In this case, igniters reliably and without delay transmit an igniter pulse along the entire length of the MZ. After burning powder plates of a given thickness, glued to the front and rear ends of the monoblocks 9 of the WEP with slotted holes of an additional charge 2, the internal surface of the slots 11 of the monoblock 9 ignites.

The presence of plates covering the slots 11 of the monoblocks 9 of the additional charge 2 allows one to provide a delay in its ignition for a time equal to ~ 0.5 ... 1 10 ^-3 s, and to create many foci uniformly along the entire length of the additional charge 2, providing its progressive burning, which leads to an additional increase in the total pressure pulse (Fig. 5). The presence in the main charge 1 of powder tubes with a longitudinal section 3 or tubular split powder with an omega-shaped cross-section 8 not only ensures the creation of a pressure gun in the chamber during its combustion, which reliably ignites and sustains the combustion of the charge, but also removes additional stress at subzero temperatures, which reduces the likelihood of cracking and abnormal burning of gunpowder and makes it possible to increase the charge density of the main powder charge 1 by reducing the pressure gradient at a rate range of application.

Tables 1 and 2 show the comparative tests of the VEP and the MOH of the prototype and invention. From table 1 it follows that the mechanical characteristics of the powder of the invention exceed the level of powder used in the prototype. In this case, the specific impact strength at a temperature of minus 50 ° C is at the level of unfilled pyroxylin powders.

Table 3 presents the test results on the effect of phlegmatizing additives in the composition of the WEP on the height of erosion effects on the gun barrel.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed propellant charge design provides: normal functioning of the propellant charge elements and the shot as a whole, an increase in the initial velocity of the projectile by 5 ... 7%, a decrease in the height-erosive effect of the combustion products on the gun barrel by 1.5 times, and a decrease in the temperature gradient at the initial velocity of the projectile 2 times, a pressure gradient of 1.5 times.

Claims (3)

1. Throwing charge for a separate charge shot, including the main charge placed in combustible shells isolated from one another and an additional charge for attaching it to the projectile, igniters and powder elements, characterized in that all the powder elements are made of high-energy ballistic powder of the same composition with phlegmatizing additives to reduce the hot erosive effect of gunpowder on the gun barrel during firing, while the main charge consists of tubular split and grained Orokhov, and the additional charge is assembled from monoblocks, each of which is a powder cylinder, obtained by the auger method, with through slotted holes closed on both sides with gunpowder plates, the blocks have the same height equal to the height of the additional charge, and are symmetrically placed relative to the longitudinal axis burning shell. 2. The propellant charge according to claim 1, characterized in that in the main charge the tubular split gunpowder has an omega-shaped cross section. 3. The propellant charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates covering the slots of the monoblocks of the additional charge have a thickness of 1.5 ... 2.5 10 ^-3 m.

Images