RU2576719C1 - Artillery shells with unitary loading - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the artillery rounds with high-explosive fragmentation projectile damaging effect. Shot includes a sleeve with a propelling charge and priming the sleeve and the shell with combat gear and with proximity fuse. Projectile has a split body made of a cylindrical portion and a fairing connected to threaded extension of which is installed in the flange with a central tube, closed on one side, to form three unequal cavities of the chambers of the projectile with the combat equipment. Cavity of the central tube is filled with a propelling charge with condensed explosives placed inside the pyrotechnic composition. Connected to the central cavity of the tube cavity filled fairing condensed explosives, and the cavity formed by the outer surface of the central pipe, flange and bottom stopper is filled with a hardening of detonation-capable mixture. Projectile body fairing installed sleeve made of heavy alloy, made with the possibility of the formation of damaging elements in its fragmentation.

EFFECT: provided an increase in explosive, shrapnel and thermal action of the projectile.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to artillery shots with a shell of a high-explosive high-explosive fragmentation.

The well-known "artillery high-explosive fragmentation projectile" according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2291377, IPC F42B 12/24, which consists of high-explosive and fragmentation sections. In this case, the high-explosive section is filled with a fluid flowing detonation-capable filler with a central detonator with an explosive propellant charge. The detonator relies on a transverse perforated diaphragm for the passage of the shock front of the detonation pulse and the symmetrical expansion of particles of aluminum powder of a fluidic filler into the atmosphere.

The disadvantages of the design of the high-explosive section are its applicability for thin-walled tubular shells stabilized by plumage, structural complexity and an increase in the propagation resistance of the detonation wave in the windows of the transverse diaphragm and the possibility of rotation of liquid-flow equipment in shells stabilized by rotation.

Closest to the technical solution to the proposed invention is a “Unitary shot and shell to projectile” (RF patent No. 2165587, IPC F42B 12/20) containing high-explosive fragmentation projectile with a head fuse, a sleeve connected to it with a propellant powder charge of pyroxylin gunpowder and capsule sleeve. The shell of the projectile is filled with explosive (BB) with a fill factor of at least 0.16, and the shell of the shell is made of steel with a high level of crushing.

The disadvantage of this design of the shot is that the projectile equipment is single-component with a detonator in the warhead, which provides insufficient high-explosive action due to the small momentum of the explosion. The shell of the projectile, even made of high-fragmentation steel, has abnormal crushing and reduced fragmentation compared to shells that have elements (inserts, notches) with semi-finished striking elements.

The objective of the invention is to increase the high-explosive and fragmentation effect of the projectile by eliminating the above disadvantages.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that in a unitary loading artillery shot containing a cartridge case, propellant charge, capsule sleeve, projectile with military equipment and a non-contact fuse, the projectile chamber is divided into three unequal cavities, a flange with a central blind pipe screwed into its internal threaded surface. A cross is installed on the outer cylindrical surface of the pipe with uniformly attached radial ribs, in an amount of at least three, interacting with the inner surface of the chamber. A shell made of a heavy alloy with semi-finished striking elements is installed in the fairing of the shell, and the resulting cavities of the shell of the shell are filled with components of military equipment in the following mass ratios:

- the cavity of the fairing is filled with condensed explosive from 0.9 to 1.1 parts;

- the cavity between the cylindrical part of the body and the pipe is filled with a hardening detonation-capable composition from 2.35 to 2.63 parts;

- the cavity inside the pipe is filled with a propellant charge from a condensed explosive, inside which a pyrotechnic composition from 0.08 to 0.13 parts is placed.

The shell wall thickness is reduced due to surfacing of the leading belts, and a screwed-in flange with a central pipe allows to reduce the internal pressure of the equipment from inertial loads during firing.

The presence of a hardening detonation-capable composition ensures flight stability on the trajectory of a projectile stabilized by rotation, due to the exclusion of its rotation.

The coaxial arrangement of the tube with a propelling charge, which is provided by the crosspiece, makes it possible to evenly crush the cylindrical part of the shell of the projectile, to form a spherical cloud of a detonation-capable mixture, its simultaneous detonation and increase in high explosiveness due to an increase in the amplitude of the shock wave, an increase in the momentum, and also increases the thermal and incendiary projectile action.

Installing a sleeve with semi-finished striking elements from a residence permit alloy (hard alloy: tungsten, nickel, iron) and reducing the thickness of the walls of the hull and fairing allows you to reduce the internal pressure of military equipment from inertial loads during firing. Due to the placement of the elements of combat equipment in separate cavities of the chamber of the shell of the projectile and the change in the diagram of the stresses in the supporting structures, the fragmentation effect of the explosion increases due to a decrease in the mass of fragments, their number and throwing speed increase. It should be noted that the maximum increase in the high-explosive, fragmentation, and thermal effects of a shot during an air volume explosion is provided at the following nominal ratios by weight of the condensed explosive, hardening detonation-capable mixture, and pyrotechnic composition in a ratio of ~ 1.0: 2.55: 0.11.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which schematically depict:

in FIG. 1 - the appearance of the shot with a partial section of the sleeve;

in FIG. 2 - a longitudinal section of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile;

in FIG. 3 - the connection node of the cylindrical part of the housing with a fairing and a flange of the Central pipe.

The artillery shot of unitary loading (Fig. 1) is intended for firing from high-ballistic guns and contains a sleeve 1 with a capsule bushing 2, propellant powder charge 3, a projectile 4 and a non-contact fuse 5.

The sleeve 1 is connected to the shell of the projectile 4 due to plastic deformation of the barrel of the cartridge case when firing a shot and interacting with the profiles of the lower driving belt 6 and the interband part of the shell 4.

The shell of the projectile 4 is made detachable and consists of a cylindrical part 7 (Fig. 2) and a fairing 9 connected by a thread (Fig. 3), during which a flange 8 is screwed with a central pipe 12 with an internal cavity “b” closed on one side. In the annular groove of the end face of the flange 8 (Fig. 3), a compensator 11 for the volumetric thermal expansion of the fuel mixture is glued. The compensator 11 is made of an elastic porous material, for example, of closed-cell polyethylene foam.

The screwed-in flange 8 with the central pipe 12 is divided into the chamber of the projectile into three unequal cavities “a”, “b”, “c”, and the cavity “b” of the central pipe 12 is connected to the internal volume “c” of the fairing 9 through the open end of the pipe 12. The cavity "A" with the fuel mixture is sealed and closed on one side by a bottom plug 14 with a seal, and on the other, it is limited by the outer surface of the central pipe 12 and the flange 8 sealed by thread.

A crosspiece 13 is installed on the outer surface of the tail of the central pipe 12, consisting of a sleeve and at least three flat radial ribs interacting with the inner conical surface of the cylindrical part 7 of the projectile body. The crosspiece 13 is designed to center the pipe 12 and the axial propellant charge of the condensed explosive (BB) and pyrotechnic composition, to exclude the unilateral release of the hardening detonation-capable composition from the cavity “a” and the formation of a symmetrical cloud from it after the destruction of the shell of the shell.

To increase the fragmentation flow in the fairing of the fairing 9 there is a sleeve 10 with a conical part made of a heavy alloy of the VNZh-90 type with notches along the helix for their normal crushing and the formation of high-speed fragments due to their direct contact with the cast block of the condensed explosive of reduced sensitivity, safe in operation. Optimum crushing also provides a reduced wall thickness of the enclosing structures of the cylindrical part 7 of the shell of the projectile and fairing 9.

The volumes of the cavities “a”, “b” and “c” were selected to ensure the optimal ratio between the constituent parts (components) of the warhead charge (equipment) of the projectile taking into account their densities and to obtain mass ratios for a more complete detonation of their decomposition during the explosion.

The shell is equipped in the following sequence:

- through the bottom hole "g" of the cylindrical part of the housing 7 (Fig. 2), the cavity "a" is filled with a hardening detonation-capable mixture by the method of vibration compaction and closed with a stopper 14 with a seal;

- checkers of condensed explosives and pyrotechnic composition of the propelling charge are installed in the internal cavity “b” of the pipe 12 on the compound;

- a molded block of condensed explosive is pasted into the cavity “into” the sleeve 10 of the fairing 9, the upper end of which interacts with the firecracker of the non-contact fuse 5 (Fig. 1), and the lower end with the central propelling charge of the cavity “b”, after screwing the fairing 9 with a cylindrical body 7 projectile (Fig. 2).

To ensure crushing of the shell of the projectile, fairing, bush with a conical part of the residence permit alloy of semi-finished striking elements and the high-quality dispersion of the detonation-capable mixture and pyrotechnic composition, their mixing with atmospheric air and the initiation of an explosion, the above components of the combat equipment of the shell have technically sound mass ratios:

- condensed explosives from 0.9 to 1.1 parts;

- hardening detonation-capable composition from 2.35 to 2.63 parts;

- propelling charge from condensed explosives, inside which is placed a pyrotechnic composition from 0.08 to 0.13 parts,

moreover, a condensed explosive safe to operate and a hardening detonation-capable mixture are used for equipment.

An artillery shot functions as follows. When the gun striker acts on the capsule sleeve 2 of the sleeve 1 (Fig. 1), the force of the flame ignites the propellant charge 3. Under the action of linear and angular accelerations acting on the projectile during the shot, the detonation-capable mixture is compacted and moves to the inner surface of the chamber of the cylindrical part of the body 7 shells (Fig. 2).

In the target area at a given height above the underlying surface, a non-contact fuse 5 delivers a detonation pulse to the condensed explosive bomb in the cavity “c” of the fairing 9, causing its detonation. The detonation front is transmitted through the open end of the central tube 12 to the propellant, as a result of detonation of which there is an instant jump in internal pressure, ignition of the pyrotechnic composition, inflation of the central tube 12 and the cylindrical part of the housing 7, crushing of the fairing 9 and the sleeve 10 with the cone, as well as dispersion of the detonation capable mixture in atmospheric air and its initiation by burning particles of a pyrotechnic composition.

Claims (2)

1. An artillery shot of unitary loading, containing a sleeve with a propelling charge and a capsule sleeve, and a projectile with military equipment and a non-contact fuse, characterized in that the projectile has a detachable body made of a cylindrical part and a fairing connected by a thread, during which a flange is installed with a central tube closed on one side, with the formation of three unequal cavities of the chamber of the projectile with military equipment, and the cavity of the central tube is filled with a propelling charge condensed in jerky substance with a pyrotechnic composition inside it, the cavity of the fairing connected to the cavity of the central pipe is filled with condensed explosive, and the cavity formed by the outer surface of the central pipe, flange and bottom plug is filled with a hardening detonation-capable mixture in the following ratio of the components of military equipment in mass parts :
condensed explosive from 0.9 to 1.1 hardening detonation-capable mixture from 2.35 to 2.63 condensed explosive propellant substances with located inside it pyrotechnic composition from 0.08 to 0.13,
at the same time, a crosspiece is installed on the outer cylindrical surface of the tail of the central tube, containing at least three uniformly attached radial ribs interacting with the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the shell of the shell, and a sleeve of heavy alloy is installed in the fairing of the shell of the shell, made with the possibility of the formation of damaging elements when it crushing. 2. An artillery shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the shell of the projectile are made with surfacing leading belts.

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