RU2560230C2 - Strengthened cartridge /versions/ and method of its fabrication - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition, in particular to strengthened cartridges and methods of their fabrication. The strengthened cartridge contains a bullet, a case, a explosive cartridge and a primer. The explosive cartridge consists of two or more cross layers of gunpowder with different burning rates. In another version the explosive cartridge is glued to back part of the bullet or formed directly on the bullet. In another version the explosive cartridge has one or several cross grooves for its controlled destruction. In another version the explosive cartridge is armoured along the lateral surface and/or the front surface. The method of fabrication of cartridges with the powder explosive cartridge with fluoroplastic armour plating consists in that from fluoroplastic-4 the thin-walled tube is stamped for the powder explosive cartridge, then it is inserted it into the die the walls of which have many small holes, then these holes are connected to the vacuum source and then the powder explosive cartridge is pressed or formed in this die then vacuum is disconnected and the powder explosive cartridge is taken out.

EFFECT: increase of fire power of the cartridge is achieved.

8 cl

Description

The invention relates to cartridges for small arms and small-caliber artillery for machine guns, machine guns, and mainly for pistols and submachine guns.

A reinforced cartridge is known, see US Pat. No. 2438094. In it, in a sleeve, the diameter of which is larger than the caliber, there are two powder bombs - fixed and mobile. This invention also applies to pistol cartridges. However, here the same result can be achieved more easily.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to simplify the design of the cartridge and increase its power without changing the shape of the cartridge and without changing the weapons used.

In a pistol cartridge, the use of two checkers - movable and stationary - is possible only in a conical version, that is, the internal movable checker should narrow to the back, that is, to the bottom of the cartridge case (hereinafter all directions are given relative to the direction of the shot). Then it will evenly be crushed by pressure and it will begin to move forward as a whole. If the checker is cylindrical, then a large pressure (more than its strength) will press it to the pool and the checker will lose strength. Perhaps it’s true that even in this case the cartridge will be operational - the checker will burn anyway. However, in a pistol sleeve, the inner diameter of which is approximately equal to the caliber (it may be different in different parts of the sleeve), a simplification of the design is possible.

OPTION 1. For this, in the cavity of the sleeve there are not two, but one powder bombs, the diameter of which is not more than a caliber.

The meaning of the invention is that the density of the checkers is much higher than the density of bulk powder and therefore in this form a larger amount (by weight) of powder will be removed into the cartridge.

Gunpowder with the required burning rate is known and applied in practice, see DM11 sleeveless cartridge for the German sleeveless machine HK G11K2.

For seed in the sleeve near the capsule, there may be some dispersed gunpowder.

The checker may have a cylindrical or conical shape tapering towards the bottom of the sleeve.

A cartridge with such a checker will have not one, but two advantages: the first is a larger charge, that is, greater energy of powder gases. And the second is the later onset of the moment of gas-dynamic locking in the weapon barrel. As you know, gases after the combustion of gunpowder adiabatically expand and quickly lose pressure and temperature. This means that the speed of sound in a gas (it is the speed of pressure propagation) drops sharply. And with a sufficient barrel length, a moment may come when the bullet will move faster in the barrel than gases and a vacuum will form behind the bullet. In addition to chemical energy contained in gunpowder, a mobile powder bomb will also have the kinetic energy of its movement, so it will push the bullet (projectile) longer and harder. That is, conditions are created for a further increase in the initial velocity of the bullet.

OPTION 2. A larger mass of charge of gunpowder or other propellant explosive at a high burning rate can lead to excessively high pressure in the barrel of the weapon. And at a slow burning speed of gunpowder - to an ineffective, slow shot. To prevent these phenomena, a checker may consist of two or more transverse or concentric layers of gunpowder with a different burning rate. They are located this way - for a cylindrical checker: behind - more slowly burning gunpowder, and closer to the pool (to the projectile) - more quickly burning gunpowder. And for a conical checker like this: the outer concentric layers are made of more rapidly burning powder, and the closer to the longitudinal axis of the checker, the faster. This type of combustion will smooth the peak pressure in the barrel to a safe value.

Layers can also be combined - concentric, turning into transverse ones.

OPTION 3. With a large shot pressure, the checker will be pressed to the rear of the bullet and may lose strength in this place. True, this may not affect the work of the cartridge in any way - the checker will burn anyway. But it is advisable to stick the checker to the back of the bullet or to form the checker directly on the pool.

OPTION 4. The conical checker will work relatively stably, since it is crimped evenly by pressure from all sides. Although even in this case its transverse rupture is possible (a series of experiments is necessary), since when fired, the checker undergoes tensile force from acceleration. If experiments show such a phenomenon, then for stability of the combustion results the checker should have one or several transverse grooves for its controlled rupture. The linear burning rate of the powder under the condition of breaking the checker should be lower than when burning it entirely, since the burning area will be much larger.

OPTION 5. Or another option is possible - the checker has longitudinal reinforcing fibers, for example, modified polyethylene, carbon fiber, vectran, dinima, spectrum, zylon, nylon, etc. (undesirable fiberglass). Since most fibers are flammable and very thin, the checker may contain an additional amount of an oxidizing agent, such as boron nitrate, calculated on the combustion of these fibers during a shot.

For better adhesion of the checker to the bullet or for better fastening of the reinforcing fibers to the bullet, the rear surface of the bullet may have a loop (s) or screw-shaped (protrusion) protrusions.

OPTION 6. The inner surface of the pistol sleeve is usually not cylindrical, but tapers toward the bottom. But still, if one of the existing sleeves or sleeves, designed specifically for this invention, will have an inner cylindrical surface, then the operation of such a checker will have some differences from a conical checker. A cylindrical checker will be pressed in with large pressure not only into the bullet, but also into the walls of the weapon barrel. In order to reduce friction here and to prevent the checker from burning along the side surface, in particular its ignition from friction, the checker must have a reservation (coating with a non-combustible or slowly combustible substance) on the side surface and / or in front. Such substances may include colloxylin, organosilicon varnish, and the like. The most suitable substance for this would be Ftoroplast-4, but this is technologically difficult, since it does not melt and does not dissolve in any solvents.

OPTION 7. A method of manufacturing cartridges according to option 6 with ftoroplastovoy booking. It consists in the fact that first a thin-walled tube for powder powder is pressed from PTFE-4, then it is inserted into a matrix, the walls of which have many small holes, then these holes are connected to a vacuum source and then the powder powder is pressed or molded in this matrix, after Why turn off the vacuum and remove the powder bombs.

It is possible that a bullet is first inserted into the matrix and a checker is formed directly on the back of the bullet.

The cartridge works like this: when ignited, the capsule ignites the rear end of the armored powder checker (of any shape), or the entire surface of the checker ignites, or the seed from the dispersed gunpowder is ignited first. Powder gases push a bullet with a checker on the back or a bullet and a separate checker forward. The rate of burning of gunpowder or the burning rate of layers of gunpowder, if the checker is made of layers of gunpowder with a different burning rate, is selected so that a more or less even area with constant pressure is formed on the pressure graph in the barrel in the region of the permissible maximum. Of course, it is desirable that the pressure grows as quickly as possible in order to ensure multiple expansion of the gases of the heat engine, which in essence is the barrel and the bullet or shell in it.

Claims (8)

1. Reinforced cartridge containing a bullet, sleeve and capsule, characterized in that the checker consists of two or more transverse layers of gunpowder with a different burning rate. 2. Reinforced cartridge containing a bullet, a sleeve and a capsule, characterized in that the checker is glued to the rear of the bullet or molded directly on the pool. 3. Reinforced cartridge containing a bullet, sleeve and capsule, characterized in that the checker has one or more transverse grooves for its controlled rupture. 4. The cartridge according to claim 3, characterized in that the checker contains an additional amount of an oxidizing agent, for example boron nitrate, calculated on the combustion of these fibers. 5. The cartridge according to claim 3, characterized in that the rear surface of the bullet has a loop (s) or screw-shaped (protrusion) protrusions. 6. Reinforced cartridge containing a bullet, sleeve and capsule, characterized in that the checker has a reservation on the side surface and / or front. 7. A method of manufacturing cartridges according to claim 6, with a powder checker with a PTFE armor, which consists in first pressing a thin-walled tube for the powder checker from PTFE-4, then insert it into the matrix, the walls of which have many small holes, then connect these openings with a vacuum source and then extrude or form a powder block in this matrix, after which the vacuum is turned off and the powder block is removed. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the bullet is first inserted into the matrix and a checker is formed directly on the back of the bullet.