RU2716989C1 - Carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral saltlick concentrate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-saltlick for lactating cows. Concentrate-saltlick is characterized by that it contains table salt, monocalcium phosphate, beet molasses, feed chalk, P-60-3 premix, sugar sand, magnesium oxide, carbamide, bentonite clay, dry sapropel and activated zeolite obtained in a three-circuit drying drum. Initial components are taken in a specific ratio.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase weight fraction of fat in milk.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to fodder production and feeding of cattle to balance their diets due to the vitamin-mineral concentrate in the form of a lick.

Known carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral supplement for cattle (bulls, cows and heifers) "Briquette Lick" based on table salt (64.0%), sugar, molasses, vitamins A and D ₃ , macro and micronutrients. (TU BY 1000697 35.066-2010, Republic of Belarus).

The disadvantage of this composition is the lack of urea, sulfur, vitamin E and an insufficient concentration of trace elements, which with modern technology for keeping and feeding dairy cattle cannot provide a normal level of metabolic processes in the body, health and productive longevity and preservation of livestock.

Known lump additive (RF patent No. 2208338, A23K 1/16, 2003) for farm animals, including dolomite flour, halite waste, phosphogypsum, sapropel and premix containing macro- and microelements in the following ratio of components, wt. %: dolomite flour 8.0, halite waste 26.0, phosphogypsum 24.0, tricalcium phosphate 20.0, premix 2.0 and sapropel - the rest. Moreover, the premix additionally contains, g: iron sulfate 3200-4000, copper sulfate 450-600, zinc sulfate 2000-2500, cobalt carbonate 18-25, cobalt chloride 36-42, manganese sulfate 4200-4800 potassium iodide - 10-14, sodium selenite - 7-9, and also, million ME: vitamin A 300-400, vitamin D40-60, vitamin E 200-300 and peat oxidate - the rest. The additive is prepared in the form of a dry mix in metering mixers and introduced into the grain feed in an amount of 2-5% by weight, according to physiological norms of feeding.

The disadvantage of this method of preparing a balancing additive is that it is difficult to evenly distribute its ingredients, and during transportation there is a risk of their separation, vitamins can decompose during storage, and trace elements can react with each other.

Known methods for the preparation of feed additives for cattle. In the first case (patent No. 2335920 C1, A23K 1/16, 2006), the product is prepared as follows: first, binding molasses is prepared, which is heated to 30-40 ° C and a mixture of mineral components is added to it, after thorough mixing, the resulting mass is laid out in a container and cooled at room temperature to form lick briquettes. In the product, the ratio of components is, g / kg: beet molasses 45 5.0-460.0; magnesium oxide 99.84-160.32; feed limestone 109.00-0; monocalcium phosphate 90.25-107.52; copper sulfate 2.65-6.60; zinc sulfate 4.64-22.32; carbon dioxide cobalt 0.44-0.60; potassium iodide 0.09-0.24; iron sulfate 4.30-0; manganese sulfate 9.55-16.00; sodium selenite 0.05-0.04; Vitamin A 0.60-0.50; vitamin D 1.26-1.00; vitamin E 2.50-0.40; common salt 133.00-164.20; quicklime - the rest.

In the second case (Lytkina L.I. et al., 2017), a technology is proposed for the industrial production of feed lick briquettes of the above composition using a vapor compression heat pump, the essence of which is that mixing dry and heated liquid components occurs at a temperature of 60 -80 ° C, then the mixture is poured into special molds and cooled as quickly as possible in a special chamber.

The disadvantages of both technologies are the absence of a cheap source of urea protein in the composition of licks for ruminants in the presence of a high concentration of molasses. In addition, due to the presence of molasses, under the influence of moisture and air, briquettes quickly absorb moisture, swell and decay.

In addition, in the second case, for the production of such lick briquettes, it is necessary to have a special expensive and multi-stage production line.

The closest is the composition of the lick briquette (Aut. St. USSR No. 1083431 A23K 1/175, 1981) - a prototype for cattle containing components in the following ratio, mass. %: urea 55-65; table salt - 20-25; calcium and phosphorus salts - 5-10; sulfur - 1-2; bentonite - 1.5-3.0; zeolite - 1.5-3.0; iron sulfate - 1.5-3.5; copper sulfate - 0.1-0.25; zinc carbonate - 0.25-0.50; manganese chloride - 1-2; cobalt chloride - 0.015-0.03; dextrin - 0.5-1.5 and water - 0.5-1.5.

The disadvantage of this feed additive is the use for its production of complex and energy-intensive equipment - briquetting press.

A high concentration of urea in the absence of molasses does not allow a metered and harmless regulation of the intake of urea in animals, depending on the level of energy and protein nutrition. In addition, highly productive cows are less in need of a readily soluble nitrogen source. A high dose of urea and the absence of molasses also reduce the taste of the additive. Therefore, this leads to a decrease in the consumption (licking) of the lick and does not allow to extract and provide the body of lactating cows with the planned daily dose of urea in the amount of 80-120 g. This is not realistic in practice.

Insignificant doses of natural agrominfals-bentonite clay and zeolite do not allow to realize their unique adsorbing, buffering and ion-exchange properties and cannot eliminate the excessive formation of ammonia in the rumen when feeding synthetic nitrogen-containing substances. The feed supplement also lacks a source of magnesium as a buffer compound - a regulator of cicatricial digestion. Vitamins and vital trace elements selenium and iodine are not included.

The aim of the invention is the development of carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-licker cheaper, environmentally friendly, and physiological and biochemical effects on the body corresponding to the scientifically substantiated needs of lactating cows for the main elements of nutrition.

To achieve this goal, a composition of carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick has been developed, including table salt, monocalcium phosphate, granulated sugar, beet molasses, vitamin-mineral premix, feed chalk, activated zeolite, bentonite clay, magnesium oxide, carbamide and sapropel in the following ratio components, mass. %:

Common salt 20-28 Monocalcium phosphate 18 Beet molasses 16 Chalk feed 7-10 Premix P-60-3 10 Granulated sugar 5-10 Zeolite activated 4-6 Magnesium oxide 0-4 Urea 3 Bentonite clay 2-4 Dry sapropel 3-5

The claimed feed additive is obtained by preliminary mechanical mixing of the components. Then the homogeneous mixture is laid out in plastic buckets and placed in a hydraulic vibrating press with a sliding working table into four cells (buckets) under 150 atmospheric pressure.

The proposed carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick has a number of significant advantages, namely the composition and concentration of the components meets the modern requirements for feeding highly productive cows.

The use of local natural agrominerals as activated zeolite, bentonite and sapropel, as well as magnesium oxide can optimize the acidity (pH), enzymatic processes in the rumen, increase the synthesis of microbial protein, stabilize the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, regulate the process of decomposition of the nitrogenous substances and the level of ammonia, it protects the animal organism from ammonia poisoning when feeding synthetic nitrogenous substances. Natural agrominerals also play the role of adsorbents of mycotoxins and heavy metals, catalysts for metabolic processes, enrich with highly assimilable macro- and microelements, humic acids, strengthen the skeletal system, etc. In general, the efficiency of the use of nutrients of the feed ration is increased and the maximum productivity of the cows is increased.

An essential distinguishing feature of the claimed invention is that in the proposed technological solution, for the first time in Russia, an original form of zeolite-activated is used, which is obtained in a three-circuit drying drum at an initial temperature of 1000 ° C and a final temperature of 150-200 ° C according to TU 10.91.10-002 -27860096-2017. In this case, firing occurs in a mild mode without destroying the structure of the raw material, as a result of which the product acquires new qualities with enhanced adsorbing, catalytic and ion-exchange properties, which ensures that it meets the criterion of "significant difference"

Example 1. The composition of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick included salt - 20%, monocalcium phosphate - 18, beet molasses - 16, feed chalk - 10, premix P-60 - 3-10, granulated sugar - 10, activated zeolite - 4, magnesium oxide - 4, urea - 3, bentonite clay - 2 and dry sapropel - 3%.

The mixture of components was mixed in a mixer for 10-15 minutes. The homogeneous mixture was laid out in plastic buckets with a volume of 7-12 liters and placed in a hydraulic vibrating press under 150 atmospheric pressure.

Example 2. It differs from composition 1 in that, due to the exclusion of magnesium oxide from the composition and a decrease in the proportion of granulated sugar by 50%, the content of sodium chloride was wt. % - 28, monocalcium phosphate - 17, beet molasses - 16, feed chalk - 6, premix P-60 - 3-10, granulated sugar - 5, activated zeolite - 6, carbamide - 3, bentonite clay - 4 and dry sapropel - 5 .

The nutrient content in the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick is presented in table 1.

Example 3. Scientific and economic experience in feeding the proposed carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral-concentrate-lick was carried out on lactating cows of Holstein black-and-white breed in the conditions of the dairy farm “New Life” LLC of the Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan.

The first control group of cows received the main diet without carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick. They were fed according to the norms of the VIZH (A.P. Kalashnikov et al., 2003). Animals of the second experimental group in addition to the main diet received a carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick (composition No. 1) by licking in fact 150 g per day per 1 head. The average daily diets for feeding experimental cows are presented in table 2.

Studies have shown that feeding carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick in the diets of lactating cows as an additional balancing feed additive for individual self-regulation of nutrient and biologically active substances in the body, contributed to an increase in average daily milk yield by 1.5 kg or 8.3% compared with control (table 3).

In terms of basic fat content, this difference was 2.1 kg or 10.4% relative to the control.

In the milk of cows that received, in addition to the diet, carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick, the mass fraction of fat increased by 0.08%.

In general, the productive effect was accompanied by a decrease in the cost of exchange energy and crude protein for the production of a unit of production, which amounted to 9.2 and 8.9% compared with the control.

The studied feed rations did not adversely affect the health of experimental animals and did not cause significant changes in the natural background of serum biochemical parameters (table 4).

Studies have established that despite the various feeding conditions of experimental cows, blood biochemical parameters did not go beyond physiological norms (E.A. Vasilieva, 1982).

It is known that the state of the level of protein metabolism in animals is characterized by such indicators as the concentration of total protein, albumin and urea in the blood serum. The level of total protein in the blood of animals during the experiment was in the range of 67.9-72.1 g / l or close to the lower limit of physiological norms. However, this indicator in animals of the experimental group was higher by 4.2 g / l or 6.2% compared with the level in the control group.

The content of albumin and urea in the blood serum of cows of the experimental group was higher by 10.1% and 5.6%, respectively.

The nature of carbohydrate metabolism in animals can be judged by the concentration of glucose in the blood serum. According to this indicator, the animals of the experimental group exceeded the control by 0.9 mmol / l or 21.4%.

The calculations of the economic efficiency of the use of carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick in diets of dairy cows indicates that the studied concentrate contributed to the economic effect per 1 cow per day in the amount of 29.8 rubles or per 1 ruble of additional costs - 4.7 rubles compared to control.

Sources of information

1. TU BY 100069735.066-210 Feed additive for cattle "Briquette-lick" carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral.

2. RF patent No. 2208338, А23К 1/16, 1/175 Feed additive / Yatsko N.A., Panova V.A., Nedashkovsky A.V., Gordeev A.M .; claimed June 16, 2000; publ. 07/20/2003 Bull. No. 20.

3. Patent RI No. 2335920 A23K 1-16, 1/175, 1/02 Method for the preparation of feed additives for cattle / Temples V.A .; claimed 12/27/2006; publ. 10.20.2008 Bull. No. 29.

4. Patent SU No. 1083431 A23K 1/175, 1/22 The composition of the lick briquette for cattle / Gelovani DM, Kobakhidze TL, Chigogidze Sh.E., Agladze GD, Kozmanishvili A.G. ., Chkhaidze D.I., Samadashvili M.S., Dalakishvili G.A .; 11/20/81.

5. Lytkina L.I. Optimization of the technology of feed briquettes-licks using steam of an eye heat pump / Lytkina LI, Shentsova ES, Pereverzeva S.Ya. // Bulletin of VGUIT / ProceedingsofVSUET. 79. No. 2. 2017.

6. Clinical biochemistry of farm animals - E.A. Vasilieva - Moscow Rosselkhozizdat 1982 - p. 254

7. Norms and rations for feeding farm animals. Reference manual. 3rd edition revised and expanded. / Ed. A.P. Kalashnikova, V.I. Fisinina, V.V. Scheglova, N.I. Kleimenova. - Moscow. 2003. - S. 456.

Claims (2)

Carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate-lick for lactating cows, characterized in that it contains sodium chloride, monocalcium phosphate, beet molasses, feed chalk, premix P-60-3, granulated sugar, magnesium oxide, urea, bentonite clay, dry and sapropel activated zeolite obtained in a three-circuit drying drum, while the initial components are taken in the following ratio, wt. %: Common salt 20-28 Monocalcium phosphate 18 Beet molasses 16 Chalk feed 7-10 Premix P-60-3 10 Granulated sugar 5-10 Zeolite activated 4-6 Magnesium oxide 0-4 Urea 3 Bentonite clay 2-4 Dry sapropel 3-5