RU2357425C1 - Method of lactating cow feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: livestock farming.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock farming and is to be used when composing a diet for lactating cows. Method of feeding involves enriching the lactating cow diet with a combined fodder additive - granular sulphur with the diametre of 2-5 mm - waste of the desulphurisation plants at oil-processing factories at a rate of 0.07-0.08% of dry diet substance in combination with natural bischofite - brine of the Volgograd field in the amount of 3.1-3.2 ml per 1 kg of dry diet substance during milk yield stimulation period and respectively 0.08-0.09% of dry diet substance and 3.4-3.5 ml per 1 kg of dry diet substance after the milk yield stimulation period.

EFFECT: method allows for increasing productivity of lactating cows and improving milk quality.

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Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to increasing the productivity and quality of animal products.

The productivity of lactating cows and the quality of milk depend on a balanced diet for basic nutrients, including minerals.

Mineral substances must be constantly fed to the animal with food, ensuring a normal metabolism and energy in the body, the formation of enzymes, hormones, bone and other tissues. Animals excrete a large amount of mineral substances with products - in milk, meat. The lack of minerals in the diets causes diseases of farm animals, a decrease in their productivity, a deterioration in the reproduction function, and excessive feed costs for producing products. Therefore, in animal husbandry practice, it is necessary to balance the mineral nutrition of animals on the basis of existing norms of demand and the content of macro- and microelements in feed. In recent years, various feed additives have been widely used for this purpose.

A known method of feeding farm animals, including the introduction into the diet of an additive - waste desulfurization plants of oil refineries - granular sulfur with a diameter of 2-5 mm at a rate of 0.5-1.0 g per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet [1]. This method is applicable when fattening calves in order to increase productivity.

A known method of feeding lactating cows, in which the diet includes an additive - a preparation of bacteriophages Streptococcus bovis [2]. Using this method increases the productivity of cows and the fat content of milk. This method is time-consuming and can be carried out in certain conditions, in the presence of specialists working with cultures of microorganisms. In addition, for the characterization of milk, not only milk fat is important, but also protein milk. The use of a bacteriophage due to the regulation of microbial processes in the rumen increases the concentration of milk fat precursors and, thus, increases the milk fat content.

The technical solution is to increase the productivity of lactating cows and the quality of milk.

This is achieved by the fact that the feeding method provides for the inclusion in the diet of lactating cows of a combined feed additive - sulfur - waste of desulfurization plants of oil refineries at the rate of 0.07-0.08 wt.% From the dry matter of the diet and natural bischofite - brine in the amount of 3.1 -3.2 ml per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet during the milking season and, accordingly, 0.08-0.09 wt.% Of the dry matter of the diet and 3.4-3.5 ml per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet in the period after milking.

The waste from the desulfurization plants of oil refineries - oval or hemispherical granular sulfur with a diameter of 2-5 mm meets the requirements of TU 2112-061-10514645-02, contains sulfur at least 99.5%. Natural bischofite - brine is a chlorine-magnesium salt of the Volgograd field. Its composition is presented in table 1.

Table 1 The composition of the mineral bischofite Item name % content one 2 MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O 90-96 CaSO ₄ 0.1-0.7 NaCl 0.1-0.4 KClMgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O 0.1-5.5 MgSO ₄ · H ₂ O 0.1-2.5 MgBr ₂ 0.4-0.95 AT 0.002-0.08 one 2 With 0.003-0.005 Bi 0.0005-0.001 Mo 0.0005-0.001 Fe 0.003-0.03 Al 0.001-0.02 Ti 0.0005-0.001 Cu 0.0001-0.003 Si 0.02-0.2 Ba 0.0001-0.0006 Sr 0.001-0.02 Rb 0.0001-0.002 Cs 0.0001-0.001 Li 0.0001-0.0003

Feeding lactating cows provides for an increase in the amount of feed during the feeding period. The success of the crushing depends on the quantity and quality of feed consumed. During the crushing period, lactating cows cannot always eat such a quantity of nutrients in the diet (supplementary feed) to satisfy the need for energy spent on the formation of milk. To cover the deficit in energy and nutrients for the formation of milk, reserves of fat, protein, minerals and vitamins from the animal's body are used. Combined feed supplement containing sulfur and magnesium (as a part of bischofite) is a source of mineral substances that, when introduced into the body of an animal, can effectively influence the restoration of its energy. Sulfur in the animal’s body is in a bound form, mainly in amino acids (methionine, cystine, cysteine), is a part of vitamins (biotin, thiamine), as well as pancreatic hormone - insulin, which is used to build protein. The exchange of sulfur in animals is associated with general metabolism, it regulates protein metabolism, and is involved in mineral metabolism.

Natural bischofite - brine contains mainly magnesium chloride (90-96%), as well as carbonate, sulfate, calcium salts, trace elements (iron, copper, bismuth, boron, barium, aluminum, etc.). Magnesium is involved in intermediate metabolism as a specific activator of enzymes, enhances the formation of antibodies by the body, increases the absorption of carbohydrates and is necessary for the normal functioning of cicatricial microflora.

In the lactation period, about 16% of the magnesium of the feed is released along with milk. Therefore, it is necessary to additionally introduce magnesium and bischofite into the diet for this purpose is a unique natural mineral, since it contains, in addition to magnesium, all the trace elements necessary for the animal organism in the required proportions. For the full use of nutrients in the diet and maintaining normal animal health, it is necessary to control the ratio of acid and alkaline elements, which is determined by the formula:

The combination of bischofite and sulfur in the proposed ratios makes it possible to obtain a feed additive balanced in acid-base composition, thereby fulfilling the dietary requirement for this indicator. In the diet for lactating cows, this ratio should not go beyond 0.8-1.0.

Example.

To conduct scientific and economic experience, three groups of lactating cows were formed according to the principle of analog pairs, 10 animals each. Lactating cows of group I - the control received the main diet, group II and III received the main diet with mineral additives, group II (prototype) in addition to the main diet - sulfur - the waste from the production of desulphurization of petroleum products, group III in addition to the main diet, combined feed additive, containing sulfur - waste from the production of desulphurization units for oil products and natural bischofite - brine. Scientific and economic experience was carried out in two stages: stage 1 - the period of the drought lasting 73 days and stage 2 - the period after the drought lasting 79 days.

When calculating the main diet, live weight, productivity, animal age, and living conditions were taken into account. Mineral additives were calculated on the dry matter of the calculated feed ration according to the "Norms and diets of feeding farm animals" (M., 2003, p. 42-52; 67-69) taking into account their content in feed. The required amount of mineral additives was brought to normal through the use of new sources - sulfur - waste desulphurization plants of oil refineries and magnesium as part of bischofite - brine within the recommended recommended amounts of consumption. This norm for sulfur is 0.07-0.09% wt.%, For bischofite - 3.1-3.5 ml per 1 kg of dry matter.

At stage 1, the group of lactating cows received in addition to the main diet sulfur at the rate of 0.078 wt.% Of the dry matter of the diet, Group III received in addition to the main diet sulfur at the rate of 0.078 wt.% Of the dry matter of the diet and natural bischofite - brine in the amount of 3 , 17 ml per 1 kg of dry matter.

In the period after milking - stage 2 - the level of feeding has decreased, the amount of dry matter is correspondingly reduced, but in the proposed method the amount of mineral additive is preserved, which is reflected in the ratio of the mineral additive to dry matter. As in stage 1, the control group received the main calculated diet, group II in addition to the main diet received sulfur at the rate of 0.078 wt% of the dry matter of the diet, and group III, in accordance with the proposed method, in addition to the main diet of this period received an additive from sulfur at the rate of 0.086 wt.% to the dry matter of the diet and 3.5 ml of bischofite - brine per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet.

Average daily milk yield of cows and milk quality on average for 152 days of research experience are presented in table 2.

table 2 Cow productivity and milk quality Indicator Group of cows I - control II - experienced III - experienced Average daily milk yield of natural milk, kg 20.80 22.00 22.70 % to control 100.00 105.77 109.13 The average fat content in milk,% 3.73 3.84 3.86 The average protein content in milk,% 3.34 3.38 3.41

The results obtained indicate that the cows of the II and III experimental groups had the best indicators of milk productivity and quality. So, according to the average daily milk yield of natural milk, cows of the III - experimental group exceeded the I - control one by 1.9 kg, or 9.13%. It should be noted that in comparison with the I - control group, the cows of the II - experimental cow had an average daily milk yield of 1.2 kg more, or 5.77%. The milk fat content in animals of the II and III experimental groups increased by 0.11 and 0.13% (absolute), respectively, as compared with the I control, and the protein content in milk by 0.04 and 0.07%.

For 152 days of the main test period, on average, 3161.6 kg of natural milk were fed from each cow of the I - control group, II - experimental - 3344.0 kg and III - experimental - 3450.4 kg. Therefore, in comparison with the I - control group, each cow of the II - experimental group milked 182.4 kg more milk and III - the experimental group - 288.8 kg.

Thus, the effectiveness of using a combined feed additive in feeding lactating cows, including sulfur, is confirmed - the waste of desulfurization plants of oil refineries at the rate of 0.07-0.08 wt.% From the dry matter of the diet and natural bischofite-brine in the amount of 3.1-3 , 2 ml per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet during the milking season and, respectively, 0.08-0.09 wt.% Of the dry matter of the diet and 3.4-3.5 ml per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet after milking.

Information sources

1. RU 2235477, 09/10/2004. Bull. Number 25.

2. SU 1790380, 01/23/1993. Bull. Number 3.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding lactating cows, including the introduction of a combined feed additive into the diet, characterized in that granular sulfur with a diameter of 2-5 mm is used as a combined feed additive - waste from desulfurization plants of oil refineries at the rate of 0.07-0.08% of the dry matter of the diet in combination with natural bischofite - brine of the Volgograd field in the amount of 3.1-3.2 ml per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet during the milking season and, accordingly, 0.08-0.09% of the dry matter of the diet and 3.4-3.5 ml per 1 kg of dry stuff rations of the diet in the period after milking.