RU2709969C2 - Method of snow melting during territory cleaning by various mechanisms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: municipal services.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for forced melting snow-ice mass in cold season collected by different vehicles from city streets and roads. In the snow melting method, snow is cleaned and processed directly at the harvesting site. At that, snow is loaded by vacuum or mechanical method into heat-insulated tank installed on vehicle or automobile chassis. After heating water is poured into the nearest storm or sewage wells. It is also possible to transport collected snow and to load stationary storage hopper in places of water drain into sewer wells or places equipped for drainage. Snow melting is performed due to energy of water jet under pressure, which is created by high-pressure hydraulic pump and supplied through nozzles directly to snow or snow during loading into this hopper. As a result, a water-snow mass is formed, which is then passed through the same or other high-pressure hydraulic pumps for final melting, after which the obtained water is supplied back to the hopper.

EFFECT: invention provides effective snow heating under any climatic conditions with minimum power consumption.

13 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to methods for forced melting of snow-ice mass in the cold season, collected by various vehicles from city streets and roads. It is intended for use in the field of municipal services for converting snow into melt water due to the energy of a water jet, increasing the energy component of a snow-ice mass by a hydraulic pump, and the temperature effect of water as a working fluid that transfers water from solid to liquid.

There is a method of heating snow during vacuum cleaning of territories (RU 2516280 C2), which consists in the fact that a snow stream moving in a vacuum conveyor is affected by a stream of water with simultaneous separation of the air stream from the snow-water mass. This process is made possible by imparting rotational motion to the snow-water flow in a special device for heating the snow. Subsequently, the snow-water mass, if necessary, is passed through a hydraulic pump, after which meltwater already enters the tank.

The disadvantage of this method is that it works only with vacuum snow removal, there must be a device for heating snow, the power of which is calculated depending on the volume of the main tank. Its manufacture and installation requires high-precision equipment and specially trained specialists. The snow collection rate directly depends on the heating rate. To apply this method when equipping stationary stations for heating snow is problematic. Heating during snow collection by estimating and loading into the tank with a conveyor belt is excluded.

A device for processing snow (RU 2268335 C2) is known, which consists in the fact that a cone-shaped pipe is mounted on a movable frame around which a "serpentine" gas burner is wrapped. Snow is loaded into the pipe with the help of the loading means, passing through the heated pipe, the snow passes into the water and merges by gravity into the vehicle.

The disadvantage of this method is that the device has large dimensions, not designed to work in small spaces, the ability to process snow-ice mass into water by heating a metal cone using a gas burner to the temperature necessary for heating the snow-ice mass. This device does not have a camera for collecting melt water, which leads to the need for a quick change of a vehicle for transporting water or installing the device in a stationary place.

A known method of cleaning and processing snow (application for invention RU 2009141438 A), according to which snow is processed in heat-heated snow melting tanks with further melting of snow by feeding a reagent and using hot air and hot melt water, which are heated by using heat from exhaust gases internal combustion engine.

The disadvantage of this method is the too low thermal energy of the exhaust gases, which are not able to heat enough water and air to effectively heat the snow at low temperatures. Difficulty in the manufacture of the tank, divided into several compartments with various coolants.

The closest in technical essence is the "Method and device for snow removal" (patent RU 2407855 C1), according to which snow is removed and processed directly at the place of removal, the snow is loaded into a heat-insulated tank mounted on a self-propelled vehicle with a loading device, some of which heated with a coolant. Partial heating of snow occurs due to the impact of a powerful jet of melt water supplied from the hose, through which a mixture of air and snow passes. The final processing of snow into melt water occurs on a coil made of rectangular pipes.

The disadvantage of this method and device is that this device is not intended for stationary operation and can only be used as a complex with a vehicle. The power of the jet of water is lost in interaction with the air mass. A water jet in a vacuum environment plays the role of an obstacle, the air flow with snow passes along the path of least resistance and interacts with water only in a small area.

The task this method aims to solve is to efficiently heat snow under any climatic conditions with minimal energy consumption, both in traffic and in stationary equipped stations, the volume of the tank where heating is taking place and the method of delivering snow to the tank is not of fundamental importance.

This problem is solved due to the fact that snow removal and processing in the form of its heating can be carried out directly at the place of cleaning, loading snow in a vacuum or mechanical way into a heat-insulated container installed on a special vehicle or automobile chassis, after heating the water is discharged into the nearest storm or sewer wells, and it is possible to transport collected snow and load it with a stationary tank for heating in places where water is drained into sewer wells or other equipment places for draining, characterized in that the melting of snow occurs due to the energy of a jet of water under pressure, which is fed through nozzles directly to the snow in the tank, or during the loading of snow into the tank, forming water. If this is not enough, due to the external conditions on which the density of snow depends, the presence of ice fractions, the resulting water-snow mixture is passed through a hydraulic pump or pumps, at the output of which or by which we get water.

In the process of converting water from a solid to a liquid state, which we will call heating later on, two axioms are used: 1. The energy of a water jet in its volumetric expression should be sufficient to heat a unit volume of snow. 2. Ice crystals are destroyed at a pressure of 10 atmospheres or less. The indicators in paragraphs 1 and 2 are tabular and are taken as a basis in this way.

Initially, the heating of snow occurs due to the energy of the jet of water under pressure, the water from the nozzles is supplied directly to the snow mass in the tank or to the snow during its loading into the tank, where the heating takes place. Water, with the help of pump No. 1, enters the universal tank through nozzles located in the nozzle device, nozzles can be either movable or fixed, water acts on the snow-ice mass under atmospheric pressure. The inclusion of nozzles is possible both simultaneously and alternately, depending on the amount of snow in the tank. The mixture of water and solid particles of snow-ice remaining after this exposure enters the high-pressure pump No. 2, FIG. No. 1, or pump No. 1, FIG. No. 2a, 2b, where there is an increase in pressure due to the dynamic effect of pump units on the crystal lattice of water and snow, as a result, snow crystals are destroyed, water is formed only in a liquid state.

When using a single pump, as shown in FIG. No. 2a. 2b, a water stream is created on the surface of the water, the shape of the surface of which is determined by the configuration of the nozzles. The main part of the jet of this stream is located above the surface of the water and is the main working fluid interacting with snow, supplied by a dosed device or an air conveyor to this stream. The resulting snow-water mass enters through the strainer of paragraph 19 of FIG. No. 2a, 2b, into the working chamber of the pump, from where the resulting water is supplied again to the nozzles. Thus, the pump operates in a closed cycle, and the water obtained from the heating is either drained from the tank, as shown in FIG. No. 2b p. 14, or simply increases the total water level in the tank, where the nozzles of FIG. No. 2a, item 6 and the pump inlet are installed on a floating platform. FIG. No. 2a p. 15.

The nets, which act as filters and direct large debris to the bottom of the tank, are installed at an angle to the intake pipes of the pumps.

Hydraulic pumps No. 1 and No. 2 can operate both simultaneously and alternately. First, pump No. 1 creates the required amount of water, and then pump No. 2 turns the water-snow mixture into water, and to increase the efficiency and speed of heating by pump No. 2, rotation can be imparted to the water, due to which the melted snow on the surface gets faster into the intake device of the pump No. 2.

The use of several pumps is used to heat a large amount of snow per unit time and allows you to separate the pumps into those that work to provide nozzles with water and those that process the water-snow mass into a uniform water stream.

At an ambient temperature close to 0 degrees Celsius, as well as in cases of melting snow with a low density, it is sufficient to use only the capabilities of pump No. 1, since in these cases the energy of the water jet is sufficient for complete heating, and water enters the pump only in liquid form.

Heating is possible, both in the presence of air flow in the tank with a pressure different from atmospheric, and without it.

The snow-ice mass during the heating process can move mechanically, but can be motionless, since the nozzles can move to increase the heating effect, it is possible to rotate the snow mass and set the nozzles in motion.

Closed-circuit high pressure pumps and passing water under pressure through nozzles into the tank lead to a sharp change in speed and pressure in the water flow, which increases the temperature of the water in the tank, improving the snow heating process and eliminating the need for third-party heaters to be heated during operation pump or pumps, the described process corresponds to the principle of operation of a static cavitation heat generator.

The initial supply of water to the system for pump No. 1 comes from a separate tank with melt heated water or an additional compartment in the main tank, where it is independently heated, and when the work is finished, it is drained.

The proposed method of snow heating during the cleaning of territories provides an economic effect and can be used in the field of public utilities for heating snow in the cold period of time. It is especially effective in cleaning courtyard areas, playgrounds, shopping malls, when there is nowhere to store snow and it is necessary to process a large amount of snow into melt water at minimal cost. In addition, it can be used in areas of the Far North to obtain water from snow for domestic purposes.

In Figures No. 1, Figures No. 2a, 2b, the principle of operation of the device for heating snow is shown: 1 - pump No. 1;

2 - pump No. 2;

3 - a tank for melt water and snow;

4 - a window for loading snow in a vacuum way, the inlet pipe;

5 - tank cover for loading snow and access to the tank;

6 - nozzle device;

7 - tank with warm water;

8 - universal stand-alone heater;

9 - tap to supply water to the additional tank;

10 - tap to completely drain the water from the tank;

11 - tap to drain the water obtained from the snow;

12 - grid-grid separating the loaded snow from the water for heating;

13 - floats holding a floating platform on the surface of the water;

14 - drain pipe determining the water level in the tank;

15 - inlet pipe of the pump on a floating platform;

16 - stationary inlet pipe of the pump;

17 - device dosed snow;

18 - a device for the vacuum supply of snow, the outlet pipe;

19 - Guiding filter grill.

Claims (13)

1. The method of snow heating, which consists in the fact that snow is cleaned and processed directly at the place of cleaning, while the snow is loaded in a vacuum or mechanical way into a heat-insulated container installed on a vehicle or automobile chassis, after heating, the water is poured into the nearest storm or sewer wells, or collected snow, is transported and loaded with a stationary bunker for heating in places where water is drained into sewer wells or places equipped for draining, distinguishing The fact that snow is heated due to the energy of a water jet under pressure, which is created by a high-pressure hydraulic pump and fed through nozzles directly to the snow located in the hopper or to the snow during its loading into this hopper, resulting in a water-snow mass , which is subsequently passed through the same or other high pressure hydraulic pumps for final melting, after which the resulting water flows back into the hopper. 2. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial heating of the snow occurs due to the energy of the jet of water under pressure, which is supplied from the nozzles directly to the snow mass in the tank or at the time of loading of snow into the tank, where further heating occurs. 3. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that heating is possible both in the presence of air flow in the tank with a pressure different from atmospheric, and without it. 4. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles can be either movable or stationary mounted. 5. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the snow-ice mass during the heating process can move mechanically, and can be stationary, since the nozzles can move to increase the heating effect, while it is possible to simultaneously rotate the snow mass and bring nozzle movement. 6. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic pumps No. 1 and No. 2 can operate both simultaneously and alternately, at the beginning the pump No. 1 creates the required amount of water, and then the pump No. 2 turns the water-snow mixture into water, and to increase the efficiency and speed of heating by pump No. 2, water can be imparted by rotation, due to which the un melted snow on the surface gets into the intake device of pump No. 2 faster. 7. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating of the snow occurs in a thermally insulated container, which performs the functions of a universal heating device. 8. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of hydraulic pumps that ensure the operation of the nozzles and the final melting of snow depends on the shape and volume of the tank, as well as the time and quality of heating the snow mass. 9. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that at ambient temperatures close to 0 degrees Celsius, as well as in cases of melting snow having a low density, it is sufficient to use the capabilities of pump No. 1 and, accordingly, the nozzles that this pump provides water, since the energy of the water jet in this case is sufficient for heating the snow. 10. The heating method according to p. 1, characterized in that the water for primary heating, necessary for the operation of the nozzles, can be located either in the tank or in a separate tank with autonomous heating. 11. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles can be turned on alternately depending on the number of nozzles and snow in the tank. 12. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a closed water exchange, the system with pump No. 1 operates as a cavitation heat generator, increasing the temperature of the water in the heating tank, eliminating the need for third-party heaters to heat water during operation of the pump or pumps. 13. The heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that in front of the intake pipes of the pumps are installed at an angle to the mesh, acting as filters and directing large debris to the bottom of the tank.

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