RU2601597C2 - Plant for forced, intensive snow melting and removal from snow mass separated into fractions garbage solid inclusions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: recycling.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for utilization of snow mass, namely, to a forced, intensive snow melting plant for removal from the snow mass separated into fractions garbage solid inclusions, and can be used in municipal services for disposal of snow-ice mass produced during cleaning urban areas. Plant comprises an intake bin, a chamber for snow melting, a device for grinding the snow mass, a heat exchanger, an irrigation system for the snow mass using heated water through nozzles, a melt water drain system and a device for continuous extraction of solid inclusions. Device for grinding the snow mass is made in the form of blades fixed on a shaft along spiral and is installed coaxially with the device for continuous extraction of garbage solid inclusions. Device for extraction of garbage solid inclusions is composed as a perforated drum screen with the perforation size from 10 mm to 12mm and an inner helical spiral rotating at a rate of not more than 60 % of the critical rpm of the drum screen. This device divides the garbage solid inclusions contained in the snow mass into a fraction sized more than 10-12 mm extracted from the drum screen and a fraction sized less than 10-12 mm - sand, which by an unloading device installed under the drum screen is extracted from the chamber for snow melting. Herewith the drum screen and the unloading device are arranged at an angle to the water level in the chamber for snow melting so, that provided is dehydration of the extracted solid inclusions.

EFFECT: invention provides higher efficiency and productivity of the forced snow melting process with the possibility of simultaneous sorting garbage inclusions while selecting dehydrated pure sand suitable for reuse in public services.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the disposal of snow mass, namely, installations for melting snow, and can be used in municipal services for the disposal of snow and ice mass obtained by cleaning urban areas (roads, intra-quarter territories, territories of industrial facilities, etc.) .

The well-known "stationary snow-melting installation of the circulation type" (see utility model of the Russian Federation No. 129945, IPC Е01Н 5/10), the snow mass enters the receiving hopper, from where it is fed by augers into a snow-melting closed channel having technological recesses to collect heavy impurities (sand, stones ), in which the snow mass moves and melts in the flow of heating and circulating water. In the direction of flow, in order to mix the snow mass, submersible flow stimulators are provided, which are pipelines with a nozzle nozzle. Waste water from energy and industrial enterprises is used as a heat carrier.

One of the disadvantages of this installation is the low efficiency of heat transfer from the coolant (process water of an energy or industrial enterprise) to the snow mass due to the fact that the coolant is supplied to the lower layers of melt water and reaches the “floating” snow mass, which is already “cooled”, as well as that the drain from the chamber of excess meltwater is carried out from the lower heated layers.

A device is known for forced snow melting (see patent for invention No. 2173744, IPC Е01Н 5/10, Е01С 11/26), which includes a bath for receiving and melting snow mass, a device for heating the water contained in a bath with combustion products of liquid or gaseous fuels , a pump for taking water from the upper layers of the bath and supplying it to irrigate the snow mass.

The bathtub is divided by a perforated partition (grid) into two compartments, one compartment is designed for loading snow mass into it, and in the other there is a device for heating water.

The disadvantage of this device is the low speed of melting snow, because melting of snow occurs due to the "wetting" of the snow mass, which is in a static state, and the use of submersible burners leads to a "cold boiling" of water in the heating compartment, and accordingly, the effect of layer-by-layer heating of water is unlikely.

In addition, the performance of the installation is reduced due to the periodic shutdown of the forced snow melting device for cleaning the solid waste collection trays located in the snow load compartment.

The closest technical solution is the "Installation for melting snow" (see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2355597, IPC E01H 5/10), which contains a thermally insulated snow melting chamber made in the form of a pipe with a screw, a receiving hopper, a device for crushing snow, a pipeline for removal of water for heating, heat exchanger for heating water, an irrigation system with hot water, a device for collecting municipal solid waste.

Along the entire length, nozzles for supplying hot water are placed in the upper part of the snow melting chamber, slotted holes are made in the lower part of the snow melting chamber to drain small solid household waste and water into a pan attached to the snow melting chamber.

From the pallet and the melting chamber through pipelines, water and solid household wastes are discharged to a device for collecting household solid waste, equipped with a grate on which solid household waste is deposited, accumulated and subsequently removed. One part of the purified water from the waste water is pumped to a heat exchanger for heating and again directed to the snow melting chamber, and the other part is sent for further use.

The disadvantage of this device is that, together with melt water, small particles of “hard” (sand) will penetrate through the slotted holes into the pan, the removal of which is not provided from the pan and the pan will gradually “overgrow”, i.e. with a sufficiently large content of "solid" (sand) in the snow mass, it will be necessary to periodically stop the device and rinse the pallet.

In addition, the removal of solid sediment by washing with water does not allow classification and dehydration of the solid precipitate, isolating the solid fraction (sand) for recycling, i.e. This setting is effective for melting pure snow.

The objective of the installation for forced, intensive snow melting and extracting separated solid fractions from the snow mass is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the forced snow melting process, the ability to separate two fractions of dehydrated solid debris from the snow mass, including clean and dehydrated sand, suitable for secondary use in public utilities.

To solve this problem, in an installation for forced, intensive snow melting and extracting solid waste separated into fractions from a snow mass, containing a receiving hopper, a snow melting chamber, a device for grinding snow mass, a heat exchanger, a system of irrigation of snow mass with heated water through nozzles, a system drain of melt water and a device for the continuous extraction of solid inclusions, a device for grinding snow mass is made in the form of blades mounted on a shaft in a spiral, and installed coaxially with a continuous extraction device for solid debris, made in the form of a drum screen with perforation, for example, from 10 mm to 12 mm and an internal helical spiral rotating at a speed of not more than 60% of the critical number of revolutions of the drum screen, and separating the debris contained in in the snow mass, to a fraction larger than 10-12 mm, extracted from the drum screen, and a fraction smaller than 10-12 mm (sand), which is removed by the unloading device installed under the drum screen and h chamber for snowmelt, and the drum screen and the unloading device are located at an angle to the water level in the chamber for snowmelt in such a way that provides dehydration of the extracted solid inclusions.

The nozzles of the irrigation system in the device for grinding snow mass are located in the direction of movement of the snow mass, and in the drum screen the nozzles of the irrigation system of snow mass are located in the direction and towards the movement of the snow mass.

In FIG. 1 shows an installation for forced, intense melting of snow and extracting from the snow mass separated into fractions of solid debris in the section;

in FIG. 2 - section aa;

in FIG. 3 is a top view of an apparatus for forced, intense melting of snow and extraction from a snow mass of solid waste separated into fractions with a closed grate.

Installation for forced, intensive melting of snow and extraction of solid waste separated into fractions from the snow mass consists of a snow melting chamber 1, the bottom of which is made in the form of a half cylinder, a receiving hopper 2, equipped with a folding grate 3 and rigidly connected to the snow melting chamber 1, in the lower part of the receiving hopper 2 is a device for grinding snow mass 4, made in the form of blades mounted on a shaft 5 in a spiral. In the chamber for snowmelt 1 is a perforated drum screen 6, on the inner surface of which a screw blade 7 is fixed. The rotation of the drum screen 6 is carried out by the drive 8 through the shaft 5, located at an angle to the water level. To solid inclusions from the drum screen 6 were removed dehydrated, the shaft is installed at an angle of 15 ° -18 ° to the water level.

In the bottom part of the snow melting chamber 1, an unloading device 9 is installed, made, for example, in the form of a screw conveyor and driven by the drive 10. In the housing of the snow melting chamber 1 there is an unloading window 11 for unloading large solid debris from the drum screen 6 and drainage 12 to remove excess melt water from the snow melting chamber 1, which is collected in a container 13 and pumped into the sewer by a pump 14. With a discharge device 9, a small fraction of solid debris (sand) is sent to the bunker Ker 15. From the heat exchanger 16 under pressure through the pipeline of the irrigation system 17, heated (to a temperature of at least 35 ° C) water is supplied through nozzles 18, 19, 20 to the irrigation zones of the snow mass. Water can come to the heat exchanger 16 from an industrial enterprise or from a thermal power plant (waste water), and if necessary, a part of the melt water can also be supplied to the heater 16 from the tank 13.

The device operates as follows.

Snow mass from a car or a front-end loader enters the hopper 2, large debris is detained on the grate 3 with a mesh size of 40 cm × 40 cm, which is removed by the operator by tilting the grating 3. Next, the snow mass enters the device for grinding snow mass 4, where it is irrigated with hot water through the nozzle 18, is crushed by the blades of the device for grinding snow mass 4 and moves into the drum screen 6.

In a rotating drum screen 6, having a perforation of, for example, 10 mm - 12 mm, the snow mass is repeatedly rubbed, intensively mixed in an aqueous medium, irrigated with hot water in the irrigation zones through nozzles 19 and 20 and quickly melts, and the garbage contained in the snow mass solid inclusions are divided by size fractions. Garbage solid inclusions larger than 10-12 mm remain inside the drum screen 6 and are screwed by a screw blade 7 to the discharge window 11, discharged into a container 21 for further disposal. The drum screen 6 is installed relative to the water level so that solid debris is removed from the drum screen 6 through the discharge window 11 dehydrated, the angle of inclination of the drum screen can be from 15 ° to 20 ° to the water level.

Garbage solid inclusions with a particle size of less than 10-12 mm (sand) are sifted through the perforated surface of the drum screen 6, deposited on the bottom of the snow melting chamber 1 and transported by the unloading device 9 into the hopper 15. The unloading device 9 is installed at an angle of up to 20 ° relative to the water level, which allows you to remove in the hopper 15 garbage solid inclusions of small fractions (sand) dehydrated with a moisture content of 20-25%.

The rotation speed of the drum screen 6 is lower than the critical number of revolutions of the drum and ranges from 50% to 60% of the critical number of revolutions of the drum. When the drum screen 6 rotates, the water-snow mass together with the solid debris inclusions rises in the drum screen 6 body to a certain height and falls down, at which moment a fine fraction of solid debris (sand) is sieved through the perforated surface of the drum screen 6.

If the rotation speed of the drum screen 6 will be equal to or greater than the critical number of revolutions of the drum, then the snow-water mass will be pressed by centrifugal force to the inner surface of the drum screen 6 and rotate with it without breaking.

The critical number of revolutions of the drum is determined by the formula:

,

,

where n _cr - the critical number of revolutions of the drum per minute;

42.5 - coefficient;

D is the inner diameter of the drum screen.

At a speed equal to 50-60% of the critical speed, a cascade of snow and water mass occurs in the drum screen and due to intensive mixing, abrasion of the snow mass among themselves and with solid debris and irrigation with hot water, rapid melting of the snow mass is achieved.

In the event that it is not possible to use the wastewater of a thermal power plant or an industrial enterprise, the water for the irrigation system is taken from the snow melting chamber, fed to the heat exchanger for heating and then fed to the nozzles 18, 19, 20 through the irrigation system. Water for the irrigation system in the heat exchanger 16 can be heated above 35 ° C, for example, to a temperature of 50-80 ° C, which will contribute to even more intense melting of the snow mass.

For intensive melting, the nozzles of the irrigation system in the device for grinding snow mass are directed along the movement of the snow mass, and in the drum screen the nozzles of the irrigation system of the snow mass are directed both along the drum screen and towards the movement of the snow mass in the drum screen.

To reduce heat loss, thermal insulation is performed on the outside of the snow melting chamber. In addition, a heating element can be installed in the snow melting chamber for contact heating of water in the snow melting chamber, which will also contribute to more efficient and intensive melting of the snow mass.

Thus, an installation for forced, intensive snow melting and extracting solid debris separated into fractions from the snow mass provides a high intensity of snow melting with simultaneous sorting of debris, separating dehydrated and clean sand suitable for secondary use in municipal services.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for forced, intensive melting of snow and extraction of solid waste separated into fractions from the snow mass, containing a receiving hopper, a snow melting chamber, a device for grinding snow mass, a heat exchanger, a system of irrigation of snow mass with heated water through nozzles, a system for draining melt water and a device for continuous extraction of solid inclusions, characterized in that the device for grinding snow mass is made in the form of blades mounted on a shaft in a spiral, and installed coaxially with the device the continuous extraction of solid debris, made in the form of a drum screen with perforations from 10 mm to 12 mm in size and an internal helical spiral that rotates at a speed of not more than 60% of the critical speed of the drum screen and separates the debris from the snow mass, for a fraction larger than 10-12 mm, extracted from the drum screen, and a fraction of less than 10-12 mm, sand, which is removed from the camera for unloading by the unloading device installed under the drum screen gotayaniya, wherein the trommel and unloading device angled to the level of water in the snow melting chamber in such a way that a dehydration extracted solids. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles of the irrigation system in the device for grinding snow mass are located in the direction of movement of the snow mass, and in the drum screen nozzles of the irrigation system of snow mass are located in the direction and opposite to the movement of the snow mass.

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