RU2516280C2 - Method of melting snow in vacuum cleaning of areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for forced melting snow and ice mass in the winter season. The method is implemented by the use of the system conversion of water energy, transition of dynamic energy to static energy, application of the centripetal acceleration acting simultaneously on the snow and the water mass, which enables due to high speed of water flow and constant exposure of the snow at this water flow to start the melting process with the separate air flow.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the efficiency of the melting process.

14 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to methods for forced melting of snow-ice mass in the winter season, collected by a special vehicle from city streets and roads, and is intended for use in the field of municipal services for the processing of snow into melt water due to the energy of the water, temperature exposure, reagent , melt water, cavitation effects on snow mass.

A device for processing snow is known (RU 101458), which consists in the fact that directly into the bath is divided into two compartments, one of which is designed to receive snow, and the second contains water heated by fuel burners, then supplied to the snow-ice mass by a pump of the feed system . This system is designed to dispose of a significant amount of snow.

The disadvantage of this method is that this device has a large size, complex design, leading to the need to have two systems for heating water and air, making it difficult to regulate operation and operation, certain fuel reserves are required.

A device for processing snow (RU 2268335 C2) is known, which consists in the fact that a cone-shaped pipe is installed around the movable frame around which a "serpentine" gas burner is wrapped. Snow is loaded into the pipe with the help of the loading means, passing through the heated pipe the snow passes into the water and merges by gravity into the vehicle.

The disadvantage of this method is that the device has large dimensions not intended for operation in small spaces, the ability to process snow-ice mass into water by heating a metal cone by means of a gas burner to the temperature necessary for heating the snow mass. This device does not have a camera designed to collect melt water, which leads to the need for a quick change of a vehicle for transporting water or installing the device in a stationary place.

A known method of cleaning and processing snow (application for invention RU 2009141438 A), according to which the snow is processed in heated tanks melting snow with further melting of the snow by feeding a reagent and using hot air and hot melt water, which is heated by using heat from exhaust gases internal combustion engine.

The disadvantage of this method is the too low thermal energy of the exhaust gases, which are not able to heat enough water and air to effectively heat the snow at low temperatures. The complexity of manufacturing a tank divided into several compartments with various coolants.

Of the known closest in technical essence is the "Method and device for snow removal" (patent RU 2407855 C1), according to which snow is removed and processed directly at the place of snow removal, the snow is loaded into a heat-insulated heated tank mounted on a self-propelled vehicle with a unloading device, part which is heated with a coolant. Partial heating of the snow occurs due to the impact of powerful jets of melt water supplied from the hose, through which a mixture of air and snow passes. The final processing of snow into melt water occurs on a coil made of rectangular pipes.

The disadvantage of this method and device is that it does not provide sufficient efficiency of the process of converting snow into melt water, the power losses of the water jet for interaction with air are increased, there is no system for separating air and snow-ice mass, water in a vacuum acts as an obstacle for air and snow.

The task to be solved by this method is aimed at efficient snow heating under any climatic conditions with minimal expenditure on consumables and energy costs.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed method is implemented due to the energy of the water with joint centripetal acceleration with simultaneous exposure to snow-water mass, with the separation of the air flow to reduce the impact on the heating process. Water is supplied through a system with a variable cross-section under pressure different from atmospheric, at an angle to the air-snow flow and along the guides located on the walls of the snow-sawing device, it passes through a separation system, which gives it rotational motion, which creates centripetal acceleration of solid particles. Water coming from pump No. 1 picks up snow and gives it greater acceleration, which ensures snow movement through the system. Water and the remaining fractions of snow and ice are directed to a target of a special form, where the maximum influence of water molecules on the crystals of snow and ice, as well as obtaining a homogeneous snow-water mass, which enters the pump No. 2 in which the remaining fractions of snow and ice due to the created pressures are subjected to final heating.

The result is: increasing the efficiency of snow heating at negative temperatures due to the influence of water energy on the snow mass, increasing the water temperature in a closed cycle while simultaneously separating the air flow from the snow mass.

The proposed method is implemented according to the following scheme: snow heating, when it is harvested using a vacuum installation, it is solved by using the properties of water. In particular, when mechanically dynamically acting on water through the use of various pumps, its energy properties are increased several times, which, when the water jet interacts with snow, creates the effect of rapid heating of snow due to the dynamic action of water molecules on snow crystals and acceleration of the heat transfer process the interaction of water with snow under pressure.

The effectiveness of these processes is achieved in several stages:

1. At the first stage, the snow-air mass, passing through a special snow-sawing device, begins to rotate. Due to the centripetal acceleration that occurs, the snow mass is separated from the air stream, at the same time as the snow mass starts to rotate in the device, the pump (No. 1) is supplied with sufficient water pressure, which also rotates, creates additional acceleration of the snow mass and begins to forcibly melt the snow into the water for due to the mechanical effect of water molecules on snow crystals on the one hand and the heat exchange on the other hand. A water-snow mass having sufficient centripetal acceleration is diverted to the side by a special trap. In accordance with the laws of physics, the air flow passes along the path of least resistance, that is, directly and subsequently through the vacuum installation it enters the atmosphere. Thus, at the first stage, the air flow separated from the snow-water mass, and the process of heating the snow began.

2. At the second stage, the snow-water flow diverted to the side, having a sufficient velocity, created initially by the pressure of the water and at its own speed of snow movement, is directed to the target. When the snow-water mass interacts with the target, the kinetic energy of the stream is converted into potential energy, which is accompanied by an additional release of thermal energy, therefore, it increases the heat transfer between water and snow, as well as mechanical destruction of the remaining snow crystals.

3. At the third stage, the snow-water mass after the target (with possibly remaining ice fractions, if initially the snow was a snow-ice mass) enters the pump (No. 2), where a sharp compression of the flow occurs with the formation of a cavitation effect. The mechanical effect of the pump on the water stream quickly increases its kinetic energy, due to which there is a general increase in the temperature of the stream and guaranteed heating of snow and ice fractions.

4. After exiting the pump, the water flow passes through the device, which repeatedly changes its direction of movement by 180 degrees (the transition of dynamic energy into static). This ensures a decrease in water pressure at the inlet to the storage tank, provides a reduction in spray and an increase in the overall temperature of the water. The device can also use one or more nozzles, which, in fact, perform similar functions. This device is not the main component in the heating method, however, when implementing this method at low temperature conditions is desirable. The described method makes it possible to turn snow of various densities into water with minimal energy costs and in practically a matter of seconds.

This combination of new and well-known features allows us to solve the technical problem, improve the efficiency and speed of snow heating and avoid additional costs for consumables. The time for processing snow-ice mass into melt water at low ambient temperatures is reduced due to a decrease in the exposure chamber, separation of the air-snow mass flow, and long-term hydrodynamic, hydrostatic, cavitation, and thermal effects on the snow-ice mass. With a decrease in the exposure chamber, the density of water contact on the snow-ice mass increases from 5 liters of water per 1 kilogram of snow-ice mass and higher. The proposed method is implemented using a snow heating device installed in the tank or outside it, at the place of snow removal or loading, the selection and loading of snow is carried out with special equipment (loaders, excavators, small municipal vehicles). Water is pumped into the system from a container with melt water through a high pressure pump into the diffuser nozzle. Snow enters the snow-melting device due to the difference in atmospheric air pressure carried out by a vacuum conveyor or an overpressure system. The maximum effect of water on snow mass occurs on the target. The target allows you to convert the kinetic energy of water into potential, with the release of the thermal effect, as well as the dynamic effect of water molecules on snow crystals. Water moves along the wall and spiral guides. The spiral movement of water contributes to the capture of snow from the surface of the heating device and the maximum time of shock and thermal effects of water on the snow-ice mass. At the point of the minimum flow velocity, perpendicular to the tangent velocity vector, a concentrating funnel is installed to select and water-snow mass and increase the pressure of impact on it. The cavitation zone implements the collapse of air bubbles on the surface of the snow-ice mass due to a sharp increase in pressure. After the target, a water stream (with possibly remaining ice fractions, if initially the snow was a snow-ice mass) enters the pump (No. 2), where the stream is sharply compressed with the formation of a cavitation effect. The mechanical effect of the pump on the water stream quickly increases its kinetic energy, due to which there is a general increase in the temperature of the stream and guaranteed heating of snow and ice fractions. After exiting the pump, water flow passes through a device that repeatedly changes its direction of movement by 180 degrees. This ensures a decrease in water pressure at the inlet to the storage tank, provides a reduction in spray and an increase in the overall temperature of the water.

The proposed method of snow heating during vacuum cleaning of the territories provides a technical effect and can be used in the field of public utilities for snow heating in the winter time due to the impossibility or difficulty in removing snow from intra-quarter territories, market squares, playgrounds, shopping malls, sidewalks of cities and urban-type villages for cleaning and processing snow into melt water.

Figure 1 shows the principle of operation of the method of heating snow during vacuum cleaning of territories

1 - snowmaking device;

2 - pump No. 1;

3 - pump No. 2;

4 - a tank for melt water.

Claims (14)

1. The method of snow heating works as follows: snow is cleaned and processed directly at the place of cleaning, the snow is loaded into a heated insulated tank mounted on a self-propelled vehicle with an unloading device, part of which is heated with a coolant, characterized in that the snow is heated by jet energy water under pressure, which moves in a device in a spiral with the simultaneous forced supply of snow mass into this water stream due to the centripetal th acceleration generated by forced rotation of the snow mass, while the impact of the water jet on a snowy mass airflow separation occurs. 2. The method of heating snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is supplied under a pressure different from atmospheric. 3. The method of heating the snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is supplied at an angle to the air-snow flow and along the guides located on the walls of the snow-sawing device, begins to rotate inside the housing. 4. The method of heating the snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the snow-air flow before entering the snow-sawing device passes through a separation system, which gives it a rotational movement and, as a result, creates a centripetal acceleration of solid particles. 5. The method of heating snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the advancement of snow in the system is provided by the movement of water supplied from pump No. 1. 6. The method of snow heating according to claim 1, characterized in that due to the structure of the snow-air mass and the creation of centripetal acceleration of solid particles resulting from rotation, as well as on the one hand the increase in volume, the diameter of the snow-sawing device is larger than the diameter of the intake pipe, mixing snow with water and the separation of the air flow from the water-snow mass by removing the created air-snow mass to the side due to the greater speed and greater centripetal acceleration. 7. The method of heating the snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial rotational movement of the snow receives from the guide vanes, auger, fan-type blades located in the snow melting device. 8. The method of heating the snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of water and snow passes through the pump No. 2, in which the remaining fractions of snow and ice due to the created pressure are heated, which is enhanced by the cavitation effect on the pump blades. 9. The method of heating snow according to claim 1, characterized in that a forced braking system can be used, creating a transition of dynamic energy into static energy due to a 180 ° flow reversal. 10. The method of heating snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the water after heating is reused in a closed cycle. 11. The method of heating snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of snow into melt water is carried out due to the energy of the water, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic effects. 12. The method of snow heating according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of snow into melt water is carried out due to the impact of powerful jets of melt water supplied by a pump through a pipeline with a variable cross-section system, in which pressure drop and forced snow heating due to dynamic the effects of water molecules on snow crystals and the ongoing heat transfer. 13. The method of snow heating according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum effect of water on the snow mass occurs on the target, which allows you to convert the kinetic energy of water into potential with the release of the thermal effect, as well as the dynamic effect of water molecules on snow crystals. 14. The method of heating the snow according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-ice mass after the target is supplied to the pump, in which there is a strong dynamic effect on the water-ice mass, as a result of which the pressure in the system increases several times.