RU2702469C1 - Floating house - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended to prevent damage from flooding habitable structures. Floating house can be located in areas of natural flooding of places of residence and is common habitation, but excludes flooding of basements of such house, in which can be arranged usual means of life support of residents. Base for floating house is made in form of two boxes inserted one into another: external and internal, wherein the water-permeable outer box is made of unified cubic solidly connected blocks having through holes, and inner box – sealed and can float in conditions of external box flooding to level of waterline, and after disappearance of signs of flooding inner box returns to initial state in external box.

EFFECT: higher safety of inhabited structures in emergency situations, in system approach to complex problem of unification of construction of inhabited structures for places suffering from floods, highwaters and other flooding.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates is the construction of floating devices.

The prior art.

The invention relates to inhabited floating structures, (in this case, not drifting), intended for life support on the water. The house-float can be located in areas of spontaneous flooding of places of residence and is ordinary housing, but excludes flooding of the basement of such a house, which can accommodate ordinary means of livelihood of residents. The house-float, as a foundation, includes a basement constructed of two boxes (parallelepipeds) inserted into each other. The outer box is leaking (perforated), made on the basis of standardized blocks (patent No. 2658857). We will arbitrarily call the external box - the basket. The inner box is tight and can be made of durable plastic, which ensures the strength of its structure in the conditions of its ascent when filling the basket with water. We will arbitrarily call the inner box - a trough. Inside the trough, the same uniblocks as for the basket can be used to build the foundation of the float house. This design of the house-float allows the box to float in the conditions of flooding and sink to the bottom of the basket when signs of flooding disappear.

The problems associated with the flooding of inhabited premises are eliminated, comfortable and safe conditions for life are created in emergency situations for places suffering from floods, floods and other flooding.

An analogue of the invention (patent No. 2494001) is a floating drifting scientific station, the body of which is made of two walls, the cavity between which is evacuated. The analogue is a kind of similarity to the present invention. We explain the similarities and differences. Both devices should float, but in the case of a house-float - more precisely, “float”. In the case of a float house, there should be no drift, and when the flooding disappears, the trough should fall to its original position in the basket. Naturally, this is achieved by an unobvious construction device: a leaky basket and an airtight trough.

The essential features of the claimed invention are combinations of ideas that are aimed at achieving a compromise: to emerge in the water and remain at the habitat before, during and after flooding. A holey basket eliminates the problems of foundation deformation when it is resisted by water pressure. In this case, only the trough experiences such a pressure, and the basket configuration does not deform when it is filled with water. At the same time, the ascent of the trough is determined by the law of Archimedes, and the ascent height is determined by such a value up to the level of flooded water, which corresponds to the equality of the weight of the displaced volume of water and the weight of the floated house-float.

Disclosure of the invention.

The invention, as a technical solution, is expressed in the combination of the following essential features, sufficient to achieve, provided by the invention, a technical result.

The essential features of the claimed invention include:

1. The presence of two, inserted one into the other, baskets: external (basket) and internal (trough).

2. The basket is leaky, permeable to water. Her device uses the ideas of another invention of the authors (patent No. 2658857), which can be briefly called uniblocks. Uniblocks are designed to build flat (horizontal and vertical) objects, consisting of cubic, firmly connected blocks having through holes (holes). Uniblocks allow water to freely penetrate into the cavity of the basket (bottom and sides) and provide ascent of the trough.

3. The trough is tight. Of course, tightness refers to that part of the trough that prevents water from entering the trough. An analogy to this concept of tightness of the trough can be the concept of a waterline on a floating vessel. The ascent of the trough is similar to the ascent of the hull, and its design takes into account the features of the construction of such a hull. That is, similar to the use of structures that ensure the strength of the ship's hull (keels, stringers, beams, knits, shirstreks, frames, velhouts, belts, flora, etc.), spacers, partitions, arches and other elements of building structures should be used in the construction of the trough. Further, on top and inside such a trough structure, the usual constructions of the inhabited structure (collectively, the house) are placed.

4. The principle of a self-regulating system that effectively resists the adverse factors of flooding (briefly - flooding) by surfacing in the guide space of the basket. When the signs of flooding disappear, the trough returns to its original state in the basket.

In this case, the technical result is expressed in a number of new effects, which can be listed as follows:

- in the free penetration of water into the space of the basket, which was previously not allowed when arranging the foundations of inhabited structures by waterproofing the walls of the foundations. The non-obviousness of such a solution is associated with overcoming the traditional approach in counteracting flooding: waterproofing the walls of the foundation. The problem of flooding in the traditional version was not completely solved, because there came a time when the water level during the flood began to exceed the height of the waterproofed part of the foundation. In this case, the water level during flooding is not significant, since the pop-up trough can be held in a certain position relative to the trough for the purpose of its subsequent return to its original state (mooring) with additional devices - angular guides, or anchors;

- in the ascent of an airtight trough, which in this case acquires the quality and functions of the hull of a vessel floating freely in water;

- in the return of the trough to its original state with the disappearance of signs of flooding;

- in some autonomy of the previously described ascent-mooring process (of course, if by the berth we mean the initial state of the trough in the basket before ascent):

- elimination of catastrophic consequences from possible damage from flooding of inhabited structures.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed, to ensure a technical result, is formulated as a "systematic approach to the complex problem of unifying the construction of inhabited structures from the standpoint of economic feasibility in emergency situations associated with flooding".

The main factors for solving this problem are the simplicity and obviousness of the claimed invention. Given, however, that the criterion of inventive step is the non-obviousness factor, we explain that the solution to the proposed problem becomes obvious as a result of registration and familiarization with the materials of this application. The non-obviousness factor was present until the authors of the invention for the first time proposed this option, since no one had proposed it before. After getting acquainted with the idea of the present invention, the proposed approach to solving the problem of reducing flood damage can be formulated simply and readily (obviously): surfaced - moored.

Based on information from RIA Novosti and other open sources, one of the most acute problems in the water sector of Russia is the harmful effects of water - floods, flooding and flooding of settlements and objects of the economy.

In Russia, the area of areas subject to flood damage is 400 thousand square kilometers. About 50 thousand square kilometers of territories are flooded annually. Flooding with catastrophic consequences affects an area of 150 thousand square kilometers, where 300 cities, tens of thousands of settlements, a large number of household facilities, more than 7 million hectares of farmland are located, with several tens of millions of inhabitants.

According to foreign sources, during the period from 1962 to 1992, about 4 million people died from natural and man-made disasters in the world, the number of victims exceeded 3.3 billion people, and direct economic damage amounted to about 377.8 billion dollars. At the same time, the number of victims of floods amounted to 36% of the total number of victims of catastrophes and natural disasters. Every year in the world, the total economic damage from natural and man-made disasters over the years has increased by 10.4%, the number of deaths increased by 4.3%, and the victims by 8.6%.

In Russia, the North Caucasus, Primorsky Territory, Sakhalin and Amur Regions, Transbaikalia, the Middle and Southern Urals, Lower Volga, and Eastern Siberia are damaged by floods. Flooding ranks first among natural disasters in terms of the number of victims and the damage caused. To protect against floods, measures are taken to reduce losses from them. But all these measures, oddly enough, do not reduce the damage to the country from year to year. Of course, all these measures are necessary, both operational (urgent) and technical (preventive). However, nothing can completely protect people from the catastrophic consequences of floods: neither timely forecasting of maximum levels of floods, nor timely warning of possible dangers, nor the organization of evacuation of the population and material values, nor other complex and expensive measures. All these measures do not completely save not only from material losses and casualties, but also from moral damage from powerlessness before the elements, and, most importantly, they do not fundamentally solve the problem. And this despite their complexity and expenditure of significant material and financial resources. According to our estimates, we can talk about trillions of budget funds, essentially spent, of course, not completely wasted, but still with a significant distraction from other, equally important state and social projects. The costs associated with the implementation of this invention are significantly less than the economic effect obtained from the use of its diverse positive result.

A brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show images of a house-float in the form of the contours of a holey basket (1), a tight trough (2), a waterline (3), a living object - a house (4), a soil line (5), a possible water level during a flood (6) . In FIG. 1 house-float is depicted in the initial state in the absence of flooding (mooring). In FIG. 2 house float presented in a state of ascent. When the waterline ascends, it determines the water level during a flood.

The implementation of the invention consists in the fact that, based on the invention presented in the application, this house-float becomes a unified structural object based on a systematic approach to the complex problem of unifying the construction of inhabited structures from the standpoint of economic feasibility in emergency situations related to flooding. Based on the invention, it is possible to build a low-budget, high-speed construction of a specific object of the economic infrastructure with the functions of counteracting damage from possible flooding during floods. The construction of such objects on the basis of unification is simplified, the possibility of their further modification from the standpoint of creating other inhabited structures with the functions of surfacing in other emergency situations is being increased.

Given the automation capabilities of creating uniblocks and their use in conditions of universality of application, as well as the possibility of using various materials to create uniblocks and troughs of a house-float, it is possible to state the breakthrough technology presented in the field of cardinally solving the above-described problem of preventing flood damage.

Claims (1)

The foundation for the house-float, made in the form of two ducts inserted one into the other: the outer and inner, and the outer duct, permeable to water, is made of unified cubic firmly connected blocks having through holes, and the inner duct is airtight and can float in conditions flooding of the outer duct to the level of the waterline, and after the disappearance of signs of flooding, the inner duct returns to its original state in the outer duct.

Images