RU2701660C1 - Machine for ergot separation from rye seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, flour-raising and feed milling industry for cleaning loose materials, mainly grain and granular materials, from poisonous ergot kernels in terms of specific gravity (density). Machine for separation of ergot from rye seeds by specific weight in solution, for example, potassium salt consists of bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns with transverse plates installed at equal intervals along their length, made in the form of scrapers fixed to closed traction chains, envelopes driven and driven sprockets, bunker with feeder, the wall of which is submerged into salt solution and divides bath cavity with conveyor of rye seeds from conveyor of ergot horns. At its output end, the bath bottom under the rye seeds conveyor scrapers is made in the form of sieve, under which a waste tank is located. Under the clavus conveyor scrapers a sieve is installed, which outlet part is located above the solution in the bath level, and immersed in the solution lower end is connected to the deflection plane. Rye board of rye seeds is interconnected via inlet opening with a moisture-removal device consisting of fan, moisture-removal channel with divergent upper part equipped with louvered wall, and discharge channel communicated via louvre wall with divergent upper part of moisture-removal channel and with its lower part via bypass opening.

EFFECT: high quality of cleaning rye seeds, as well as reduced specific power consumption of the process.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry for the cleaning of bulk materials, mainly grain and granular materials, from toxic ergot horns by specific gravity (density).

A known machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns, made in the form of tape screens with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length, a hopper with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the bath cavity with a rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor [Pat. 2616037 Russian Federation, IPC B03B 5/48, B02B 1/04. A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds / Sysuev V.A., Saitov V.E., Savinykh P.A., Saitov A.V .; Applicant and patent holder Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "N.V. Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East Rudnitsky. " - No. 2015148311; 11/10/2015; publ. 04/12/2017, Bull. 11. - 8 p.].

In the known device, the opening sizes of the conveyor belt sieves should be no more than 0.8 ... 1.0 mm to exclude the passage of rye seeds and ergot horns back into the bath when transporting them out, since the rye grains have a length of 5.0 ... 10.0 mm , a width of 1.4 ... 3.6 mm and a thickness of 1.2, ... 3.5 mm [Burkov A.I. Development and improvement of pneumatic systems of grain cleaning machines. - Kirov: FGBNU "NIISH of the North-East", 2016. - 380 p.], And ergot horns have a length of 3.4 ... 14.6 mm, a width of 1.0 ... 3.0 mm and a thickness of 0.8 ... 1, 8 mm [Pavlovsky, G.T. Cleaning, drying and active ventilation of grain. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. / G.T. Pavlovsky, S.D. Ptitsyn - M.: Higher School, 1972. - 256 p.].

However, with such small openings of the conveyor belt sieves, due to the surface tension of the aqueous salt solution, part of the salt solution is removed along with the separated components of the grain material to the outside, which leads to irretrievable losses of the solution and, accordingly, an increase in the unit cost of the process.

To destroy the formed surface tension of the aqueous salt solution on the surface of the conveyor belt sieves and to drain the solution through the sieve openings back into the bath, a special shaking device is required, which greatly complicates the design of the machine, which ultimately leads to an increase in the metal consumption and energy consumption of the technological process.

The use of rye seed conveyors and ergot horns in the form of tape sieves stretched over two rotating drums leads to rapid fatigue wear and breakage of the metal threads of these sieves during operation, which increases the unit cost of servicing and repairing the machine.

In addition, in the grain material entering the bath through the hopper with a feeder, there may be a certain amount of mineral impurities (sand, tiniest pebbles, etc.) having a higher specific gravity (density) compared to ergot horns, and which, together with rye seeds sink to the bottom of the bath, and then the total mass of the conveyor (along with rye seeds) are carried out, which affects the quality of rye seed cleaning.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the present invention relates to a machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length , a hopper with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath with a rye seed conveyor from the conveyor of ergot horns, cross bars of conveyors of rye seeds and markets are made in the form of scrapers attached to closed traction chains, enveloping drive and driven sprockets, and the bottom of the bathtub under the rye seed conveyor scrapers at its outlet end is made in the form of a sieve, under which there is a waste tank, and a sieve is installed under the scrapers of the ergot horns conveyor, the output of which is located above the level of the solution in the bath, and the lower end immersed in the solution is connected to the reflective plane [US Pat. 2667066 Russian Federation, IPC B03B 5/48, B02B 1/04. A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds / Sysuev V.A., Saitov V.E., Gataullin R.G., Saitov A.V., Utkina E.I., Sheshegova T.K .; applicant Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky. " - No. 2017115170/03; declared 04/27/2017; publ. 09/18/2018, Bull. No. 26. - 9 p.] - prototype.

The design of this machine for separating ergot from rye seeds, in contrast to the analogue, leads to a decrease in metal consumption and unit costs for maintenance and repair of the machine due to the use of rye seed conveyors and ergot horns in the form of scrapers that are installed at regular intervals and fixed to closed traction chains, Envelope drive and driven sprockets.

Further, this machine eliminates the removal of a certain part of the salt solution together with rye seeds and ergot horns to the outside by draining the solution through the sieve openings located under the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns back into the bath.

Also, the withdrawal of rye seeds and mineral impurities (sand, tiniest pebbles, etc.) deposited on the bottom of the bathtub, moving scrapers of the lower branch of the conveyor, and then passing through the holes of the sieve formed at the output end of the bottom of the bathtub under the scrapers of the rye seed conveyor , mineral impurities in the waste tank cause an increase in the quality of purification of rye seeds from impurities.

However, the technological drawback of this device is that rye seeds are wetted in an aqueous salt solution, and then conveyed to the outside by a conveyor and can then be shipped to a bulk or storage tank through a sloping plane. In this case, the presence of surface-moistened rye seeds in bulk or in a storage tank leads over time to the penetration of water through the shell of the grain inside. This leads to an increase in the moisture content of rye seeds, and storing them in bulk in the wet state even for a short time leads to self-heating of the grain mass, causing the loss of seed, food and fodder qualities of the grain, since the process of self-heating of the grain mass is fleeting. As a result, the technological process of this machine does not ensure the safety of the purified rye seeds, and ultimately causes the loss of rye seeds to waste.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the known machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length, made in the form of scrapers attached to closed traction chains, envelopes of drive and driven sprockets, hoppers with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the bath cavity with the rye seed conveyor from the transport and ergot horns, and the bottom of the bathtub under the rye seed conveyor scrapers at its outlet end is made in the form of a sieve, under which there is a waste tank, and a sieve is installed under the ergot horns conveyor scrapers, the outlet part of which is located above the solution level in the bathtub, and the lower end, immersed in the solution, connected to the reflective plane, the pitched board of rye seeds through the inlet window communicates with a moisture-removing device consisting of a fan, a moisture-removing channel with an expanding upper part equipped with a louvered wall, and a branch channel communicating through the louvered wall with an expanding upper part of the moisture-removing channel and with its lower part through the bypass window.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The message of the pitched board of rye seeds through the input window with a moisture-removing device allows for sending the moistened rye seeds along the shortest path for subsequent removal of excess moisture from their surface. Due to such a design of the machine, the unit cost of the performed technological process is reduced.

The presence of a fan in the moisture-removing device allows generating an air flow into the moisture-removing channel for blowing moist rye seeds coming into it. The use of a fan, structurally located under the waste tank from the location of the rye seed conveyor, results in a compact and ergonomic design of the machine, which entails a reduction in the unit cost of operating and maintaining the machine.

The presence of rye seeds in an aqueous salt solution is not more than 20 ... 30 seconds. During this period, water does not have time to penetrate into the grain through its shell. The use of a moisture-removing channel provides in a small confined space with an air stream an intensive surface drying of rye seeds in a short time, which leads to a decrease in the energy intensity of the machine’s technological process.

In this device, the presence of an expanded section in the upper part of the moisture-removing channel when drying moistened rye seeds with an air stream, the speed of which is higher than the speed of rye seeds, allows you to reduce the speed of the air stream, which in this part of the channel becomes lower than the speed of soaring of rye seeds. As a result of this, the rye seeds taken out from the zone of intense pneumatic action lose their speed and, due to gravitational forces, are deposited in the upper part of the drainage channel on its louvered wall and through its openings enter the drainage channel, and moistened air from the drainage channel is discharged outward or into the general ventilation system. This constructive solution ensures the capture of rye seeds carried by the air stream from the zone of intensive pneumatic action, and prevents their release from the moisture collection device outside the machine with the exhaust air stream.

The use of an outlet channel in this device, which communicates through the louvre wall with the expanding upper part of the moisture-removing channel and with its lower part through the bypass window, allows dried rye seeds to be removed to the outside. The removal of moisture from the surface of rye seeds by air flow and their removal to the outside ensures the preservation of grain in bulk for a long time until subsequent use, which ultimately eliminates the loss of rye seeds in waste.

As a result, during the operation of the proposed device, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure shows the proposed machine for separating ergot from rye seeds, where the arrows show the flow of grain material, rye seeds, ergot horns and mineral impurities, as well as air flow.

The machine for separating ergot from rye seeds consists of a frame 1, a bath 2, a hopper 3 with a feeder 4, conveyors of rye seeds 5 and ergot horns 6. A bath 2 is mounted on a frame 1. A hopper 3 with a feeder 4 is mounted above the bath 2, with the wall 7 feeder 4 is immersed in a salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath 2 with the rye seed conveyor 5 from the conveyor of ergot horns 6. Along the width of the bath 2, the conveyors of rye 5 seeds and ergot horns 6 are made in the form of scrapers 8, which are installed at regular intervals and fixed to the closed traction chains enveloping drive and Edom asterisk. The upper parts of the conveyors 5 and 6, installed in the bath 2 with an inclination, are set above the level of the salt solution and the discharge ends are located above the ramp boards 9 and 10. The level of the salt solution in the bath 2 is located below the initial parts of the ramp boards 9 and 10. Under the scrapers 8 of the conveyor ergot horns 6 have a sieve 11, the outlet of which is located above the level of the solution in the bath 2. The lower end of the sieve 11, immersed in the solution, is connected to the reflective plane 12. The bottom of the bath 2 under the scrapers 8 of the rye seed conveyor 5 on the output the end is made in the form of a sieve 13, under which there is a waste tank 14. The waste tank 14, having a drain valve 15 below, is communicated by the upper part with a bath 2 through the openings of the sieve 13. The hopper 3, into which the grain material is filled, has a mesh 16 in the upper part A drain plug 17 is provided in the lower part of the bottom of the bathtub 2. A sloping board 9 of rye seeds is connected through the inlet window 18 to a moisture-removing device consisting of a fan 19, a moisture-removing channel 20 with an expanding upper part equipped with a louvered wall 21, and a branch channel 22 communicating Xia tambour through wall 21 to the upper part of the expanding vlagosemnogo channel 20 and with its lower part through the bypass window 23.

A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds works as follows.

To clean rye seeds from ergot horns, the grain material is poured into hopper 3. The mesh 16 installed on top of hopper 3 prevents foreign objects (sticks, stones, burlap, large parts of plant residues, etc.) from entering it. After the conveyors 5 and 6 are turned on by opening the feeder valve 4, the grain material is fed into the bath 2. When the grain material enters the salt solution, rye seeds, as well as a small amount of mineral admixture present in the grain material (sand, tiniest pebbles, etc.) are lowered to the bottom of the bath 2, and ergot horns having a lower specific gravity (density) in comparison with rye seeds and a mineral admixture float to the surface of the salt solution. When the conveyor 6 rotates, its scrapers 8 move the salt solution and create a continuous surface movement from the wall 7 of the feeder 4 to the conveyor 6. As a result of the circulating movement of the salt solution, ergot ergot horns on its surface move towards the conveyor 6, are captured by its scrapers 8 and are moved by the lower branch along the sieve 11 in the direction of unloading to the pitched board 10. When moving ergot horns in the direction of unloading, the saline solution flows from them back into the bath 2 through the openings of the sieve 11. Spore horns Nyi learned from tank 2 the conveyor 6, hereinafter for sloping plane 10 comes to the shipping container for further transportation to the dump or in a pharmaceutical company for the manufacture of medicaments. The rye seeds from the bottom of the bath 2 are captured by scrapers 8 of the conveyor 5 and the lower branch moves in the direction of unloading to the ramp board 9. When the conveyor moves 5 rye seeds in the direction of unloading, the salt solution flows from them into the waste tank 14 through the openings of the sieve 13. To the waste tank 14 , passing through the openings of the sieve 13, also receives a mineral admixture (sand, the smallest pebbles, etc.). Rye seeds, taken out of the bath 2 by conveyor 5, enter along the sloping plane 9 into the channel 20 of the moisture-removing device. In channel 20, rye seeds are blown at a high speed by a stream of air pumped by fan 19. As a result, excess moisture is removed from the surface of rye seeds. Carried out by the air flow from the soaring zone to the upper expanded part of the channel 20, rye seeds lose speed and pass through the openings of the louvered wall 21 into the outlet channel 22, and from it through the bypass window 23 to the lower part of the moisture collection channel 20. Humidified air from the moisture removal channel 20 through the upper nozzle is thrown out. Dried grains from the lower part of the channel 20 subsequently enter the subsequent transporting organs of the processing line for processing grain material.

The performance of the machine is regulated by changing the area of the output section of the feeder 4 by opening or closing its shutter. The removal of accumulated impurities from the waste tank 14 is carried out by opening its drain valve 15 after the technological process by the machine. When preserving the machine for seasonal storage by opening the stopper 17, the salt solution from the bath 2 is poured into a special container.

The presence of rye seeds in a solution of potassium salt enriches them with potassium, which improves the strawiness of a given grain crop, reduces its litter quality and, accordingly, increases the yield during harvesting by combine harvesters.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to reduce the specific energy consumption of the process, reduce the unit cost of maintenance and repair of the machine, increase the safety of the purified rye seeds.

Claims (1)

A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution of, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length, made in the form of scrapers attached to closed traction chains, envelopes of drive and driven sprockets, hoppers with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the bath cavity with the rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor, the bath bottom under the conveyor scrapers the rye at its outlet end is made in the form of a sieve, under which there is a waste tank, and a sieve is installed under the scrapers of the ergot horns conveyor, the outlet part of which is located above the level of the solution in the bath, and the lower end immersed in the solution is connected to the reflective plane, characterized in that the pitched board of rye seeds through the input window communicates with a moisture-removing device consisting of a fan, a moisture-removing channel with an expanding upper part equipped with a louvered wall, and a branch channel communicating Xia through tambour wall with the upper portion of the expanding channel vlagosemnogo and with its lower part through the bypass window.

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