RU2616037C1 - Machine for separating ergot from rye seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by the specific weight in the potassium salt solution consists of the bath, the rye seeds and ergot horns conveyors, the hopper with the feeder. The rye seeds and ergot horns conveyors by the bath width are configured as belt sieves with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length. The feeder wall is immersed in the salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath with the rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of separating ergot from rye seeds, as well as reducing the specific energy consumption of the technological process and reducing the metal consumption.

1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry for the cleaning of bulk materials, mainly grain and granular materials, from toxic ergot horns by specific gravity (density).

Known universal seed cleaning and sorting machine "Petkus-Giant" K-531A, consisting of a frame, a receiving hopper, an air-cleaning part, a sieve mill, trimers and a drive [Machines for post-harvest grain processing / B.S. Oknin, I.V. Gorbachev, A.A. Terekhin, V.M. Soloviev. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987. - S. 54-57].

In this machine, weeds, including poisonous ergot horns, are cleaned using airflow, sieves and triremes. However, the K-531A universal seed-cleaning and sorting machine “Petkus-Giant” does not provide complete cleaning of rye seeds from ergot horns whose sizes and aerodynamic properties are the same as rye grains. The presence of ergot horns in the seed material serves as a source of infection and leads to infection of rye and other cereal crops. The content of rye horns in the feed and food grain of rye causes dangerous diseases in animals and humans, even death. Therefore, it is necessary to completely isolate ergot horns from rye grain heaps, as well as other cereal crops.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention relates to a machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a hopper with a feeder, a bath, conveyors, a pump, shower units for rinsing rye seeds and horns ergot water and two fans for drying them when moving on conveyors, a collector for the solution, which is pumped into the pipe with a number of holes along its entire length, installed slightly below the liquid level bones in the bath [AC 120387 USSR, MKI 45 E / 12. A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds / Tryndin I.A. - No. 600596/30; declared 05/21/1958; publ. 06/27/1959, Bull. No. 11. - 2 p.] - prototype.

In a well-known machine, the separation of toxic ergot horns from rye seeds is carried out in a solution of potassium salt by specific gravity (density). With this method, it is possible to completely separate the ergot horns from the rye seeds.

However, the use of a pump for pumping salt solution from the collector into the feeder zone, shower units for rinsing rye seeds and ergot horns and fans for drying them when moving on conveyors significantly complicates the design, maintenance and repair of the machine. These circumstances lead to an increase in metal consumption, an increase in the specific energy consumption of the technological process and the specific costs of servicing and repairing the machine.

Another disadvantage of this device is that the ergot horns after entering the salt into the solution by the feeder and found themselves in a stagnant zone, that is, outside the zone of the surface movement of the solution, absorb water over time and, increasing the specific gravity (density), subsequently fall to the bottom baths, and then conveyor along with rye seeds are taken out of the car. This circumstance worsens the completeness of separation of rye seeds from ergot horns.

Further, the execution in the machine of conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns in the form of tape determines when they rotate the removal of part of the salt solution along with the separated components of the grain heap to the outside, which leads to irretrievable losses of the solution and, consequently, an increase in the unit cost of the process.

In addition, in this machine, the transported rye seeds and ergot horns by belt conveyors from their surface slide back into the bathtub due to the low coefficient of friction. To avoid this, conveyors must rotate at an increased frequency, which increases the energy consumption of the process.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a known machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns, a hopper with a feeder, conveyors of rye seeds along the width of the bath and ergot horns are made in the form of belt sieves with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length, and the feeder wall is immersed in a salt solution and separates the rye seed bath cavity from the ergot horns conveyor.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The design of the machine for separating ergot from rye seeds using only conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns in the form of tape screens immersed in a salt solution, eliminates the use of additional devices, is characterized by simplicity and reliability, requires no laborious maintenance and repair work. These circumstances lead to a decrease in the specific energy consumption of the technological process for separating ergot from rye seeds, a decrease in metal consumption and unit costs for maintenance and repair of the machine.

The separation of the cavity of the bath with the rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor by immersion of the feeder wall in the salt solution eliminates the ergot horns getting into the stagnant zone, their fast removal (less than one minute) from the solution surface by its continuous surface movement from the feeder towards the ergot horns conveyor created straps of this conveyor during its rotation. These circumstances provide a complete (almost 100%) separation of ergot from rye seeds.

The implementation of the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns in the form of tape sieves eliminates the removal of part of the salt solution together with the separated components of the grain heap outward when they rotate by draining the solution through the openings of the sieves back into the bath, which does not increase the unit cost of the process.

The implementation of the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns along the width of the machine and the presence of transverse slats on them, installed at regular intervals, eliminates the sliding of the transported components of the grain heap from their surface, which leads to the continuity of the process with a lower speed of conveyors and, accordingly, with lower energy intensity .

As a result, during the operation of the proposed device, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure shows the proposed machine for separating ergot from rye seeds, where the arrows show the movement of the grain heap, the flow of rye seeds and the flow of ergot horns.

The machine for separating ergot from rye seeds consists of a frame 1, a bath 2, a hopper 3 with a feeder 4, conveyors of rye seeds 5 and ergot horns 6. A bath 2 is mounted on a frame 1. A hopper 3 with a feeder 4 is mounted above the bath 2, with the wall 7 feeder 4 is immersed in a salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath 2 with the rye seed conveyor 5 from the conveyor of ergot horns 6. Along the width of the bath 2, the conveyors of rye 5 seeds and ergot horns 6 are made in the form of belt sieves with transverse strips installed at regular intervals along their length 8 The upper parts of the transport s 5 and 6 are set above the salt solution and the unloading ends located above the sloping boards 9 and 10.

A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds works as follows.

After the conveyors 5 and 6 are turned on by opening the feeder flap 4, the grain heap is fed into the bath 2. When the grain heap enters the salt solution, the rye seeds are lowered to the bottom of the bath 2, and ergot horns having a lower specific gravity (density) in comparison with the rye seeds float to the surface of the salt solution. When the conveyor 6 rotates, its straps 8 move the salt solution and create a continuous surface movement from the wall 7 of the feeder 4 to the conveyor 6. As a result of the circulating movement of the salt solution, ergot eruptions move to its surface in the direction of the conveyor 6, are captured by its straps 8 and are taken out of the bath , and then enter the pitched board 10. The rye seeds from the bottom of the bath 2 are captured by the slats 8 of the conveyor 5 and moved in the direction of unloading to the pitched board 9. When moving the rye seeds and ergot horns by conveyors 5 and 6, the salt solution from their surface flows through the sieve openings back to bath 2. Seeds of rye and ergot horns taken out of the bath by 2 transporters 5 and 6, then along pitched planes 9 and 10 enter the shipping containers or subsequent transporting organs of the technological rye grain heap processing lines. The presence of rye seeds in a solution of potassium salt enriches them with potassium, which improves the strawiness of a given grain crop, reduces its litter quality and, accordingly, increases the yield during harvesting by combine harvesters.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is the reduction due to its constructive implementation of the specific energy consumption of the technological process, reduction of metal consumption and unit costs for maintenance and repair of the machine, increasing the completeness of separation of ergot from rye seeds.

Claims (1)

A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns, a hopper with a feeder, characterized in that the width of the bath conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns are made in the form of tape a sieve with transverse slats installed at regular intervals along their length, and the feeder wall is immersed in a salt solution and separates the bath cavity with the rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor.

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