RU2807284C1 - Machine for separating harmful impurities from grain seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; food production.

SUBSTANCE: machine for separating harmful impurities from grain seeds by specific gravity in an aqueous solution of inorganic salt consists of a frame and a bath located on it, a loading hopper with an outlet window equipped with an adjustable valve, seed and waste conveyors with scrapers installed at regular intervals along their length in the form of blades attached to closed traction chains that go around the drive and driven sprockets. Gap Δ between the bottom of the bath and the working edge of the scrapers of the seed and waste conveyors is no more than the thickness of a grain of grain seeds. The outlet window with the adjusting flap of the loading hopper is equipped with a cyclic grain supply device, consisting of a hinged rotary valve having a lever rigidly connected to its axis, connected to a spring and to an adjusting pusher, the other end of which is connected through a double-armed lever to a waste conveyor mounted on the drive shaft cam mechanism with one or more rollers.

EFFECT: improve the quality of purification of grain crop seeds from harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut).

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, flour milling and feed milling industries for cleaning bulk materials, mainly grain crops, from harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, fungal diseases of grain: poisonous sclerotia of ergot and smut) by specific gravity.

A known machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia, made in the form of belt sieves with transverse slats installed at regular intervals along their length, a hopper with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath with the rye seed transporter from the ergot sclerotium transporter [Pat. 2616037 Russian Federation, MPK V03V 5/48, V02V 1/04. Machine for separating ergot from rye seeds / Sysuev V.A., Saitov V.E., Savinykh P.A., Saitov A.V.; applicant and patent holder Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky." - No. 2015148311; application 11/10/2015; publ. 04/12/2017, Bulletin. eleven].

In the known device, the dimensions of the openings of the conveyor belt sieves should be no more than 0.8...1.0 mm to prevent the passage of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia back into the bath when transporting them outside, since rye grains have a length of 5.0...10.0 mm , width 1.4...3.6 mm and thickness 1.2...3.5 mm [Burkov A.I. Development and improvement of pneumatic systems for grain cleaning machines. - Kirov: FGBNU "NIISH North-East", 2016. - 380 p.], and ergot sclerotia have a length of 3.4...14.6 mm, a width of 1.0...3.0 mm and a thickness of 0.8...1, 8 mm [Pavlovsky, G.T. Cleaning, drying and active aeration of grain. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional / G.T. Pavlovsky, S.D. Ptitsyn. - M.: Higher School, 1972. - 256 p.].

However, with such small openings of the conveyor belt sieves, due to the presence of surface tension of the aqueous salt solution, part of the salt solution, together with the separated components of the grain material, is carried out, which leads to irreversible losses of the solution and, accordingly, an increase in the specific cost of the technological process being performed.

To break the resulting surface tension of an aqueous salt solution on the surface of the belt sieves of conveyors and drain the solution through the openings of the sieves back into the bath, a special shaking device is required, which significantly complicates the design of the machine, ultimately causing an increase in the metal consumption and energy intensity of the technological process.

The use of conveyors of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia in the form of belt sieves stretched on two rotating drums during operation leads to rapid fatigue wear and breakage of the metal threads of these sieves, which increases the unit costs of maintenance and repair of the machine.

Another disadvantage of this machine is that the grain material from the loading hopper enters the saline solution and is immersed in it in a continuous stream. As a result, part of the ergot sclerotia is carried away by the rye seeds to the bottom of the bath, and then transported outside along with the cleaned rye seeds. This circumstance does not ensure 100% separation of ergot sclerotia from rye seeds in one technological process.

The closest in terms of technical solution and achieved result to the proposed invention is a machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia with scrapers installed at equal intervals along their length in in the form of L-shaped blades, the gripping side facing the direction of rotation of the conveyors, and attached to closed traction chains encircling the drive and driven sprockets, a loading hopper with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath with the rye seed conveyor from the ergot sclerotia conveyor , and the gap Δ between the bottom of the bath and the working edge of the scrapers of the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia is no more than the thickness of a grain of rye seeds [Pat. 2689470 Russian Federation, MPK V03V 5/48, V02V 1/04. Machine for separating ergot from rye seeds / Saitov A.V., Gataullin R.G., Saitov V.E.; applicant and patent holder Aleksey Viktorovich Saitov. - No. 2018136461/03; application 10/15/2018; publ. 05/28/2019, Bulletin. 16] - prototype.

The design of this machine for separating ergot sclerotia from rye seeds, in contrast to its analogue, reduces the unit costs for maintenance and repair of the machine due to the use of scrapers in the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia in the form of L-shaped blades, facing the gripping side in the direction of rotation conveyors and installed at regular intervals, which are attached to closed traction chains that go around the drive and driven sprockets.

The presence of a gap Δ between the bottom of the bath and the working edge of the scrapers of the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia allows the aqueous solution of salt to flow down the inclined bottom back into the bath when the rye seeds and ergot sclerotia are brought out. As a result, the removal of an aqueous salt solution from the bath by conveyor scrapers along with the purified components of the grain material is eliminated, which significantly reduces the specific cost of the technological process being performed.

The use of a gap Δ between the bottom of the bath and the working edge of the scrapers of the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot sclerotia, no more than the thickness of a grain of rye seeds, eliminates the crushing of the components of the material to be cleaned from the machine bath and increases the scooping ability of the scrapers of the conveyors. As a result, the productivity of the machine and the quality of the technological process increase.

The disadvantage of the technological process of the machine, as in its analogue, is the low quality of cleaning rye seeds from ergot sclerotia, which is due to the capture of part of the ergot sclerotia by rye seeds immersed in a continuous stream in a saline solution, and subsequently removed from the bath by a conveyor along with the cleaned rye seeds.

Thus, the prototype has the same drawback as its analogue, that is, the low quality of separation of ergot sclerotia from rye seeds.

The essence of the proposed invention lies in the fact that the known machine for separating harmful impurities from grain seeds by specific gravity in an aqueous solution of inorganic salt, consisting of a frame and a bath located on it, a loading hopper with an outlet window equipped with an adjustment valve, seed conveyors and waste with scrapers in the form of blades installed at equal intervals along their length and attached to closed traction chains encircling the drive and driven sprockets, and the gap Δ between the bottom of the bath and the working edge of the scrapers of seed and waste conveyors is no more than the thickness of a grain of grain seeds, outlet the window with the adjusting flap of the loading hopper is equipped with a cyclic grain supply device, consisting of a hinged rotary valve having a lever rigidly connected to its axis, connected to a spring and an adjusting pusher, the other end of which is connected through a double-armed lever to a cam mounted on the driven shaft of the waste conveyor mechanism with one or more rollers.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical implementation of the proposed device was found. At the same time, features that are distinctive from the prototype impart new properties to the claimed set, which manifest themselves in a positive effect.

Equipping the outlet window with the adjusting flap of the loading hopper with a cyclic grain supply device allows grain material to be supplied in portions over time into the machine bath with an aqueous salt solution. As a result, the grain material in the saline solution has time to effectively separate, as a result of which the distances between the components of the grain material increase. As a result, the grain flow sinking to the bottom of the bath prevents the capture of harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and hard smut sclerotia) and favors the relatively rapid ascent of the latter to the surface of the salt solution. This circumstance improves the quality of purification of grain crop seeds from harmful impurities and allows almost 100% separation of poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut from grain crop seeds in one technological process.

A hinged rotary valve allows the outlet window of the loading hopper to be closed cyclically, regardless of the position of the control valve, which ensures that the specified machine performance remains constant with the position of the control valve.

The presence of a spring connected to a lever rigidly connected to the axis of the rotary valve ensures complete closure of the outlet opening of the loading hopper during periods of completion of cycles of supplying grain material from the loading hopper into a bath with an aqueous salt solution and drives the double-armed lever to its original position through an adjusting pusher for subsequent successive cycles of opening the outlet window of the loading hopper using a rotary valve.

The drive of the rotary valve through a lever rigidly connected to its axis, connected to an adjusting pusher, the other end of which is connected through a double-arm lever to a cam mechanism with one or more rollers, provides the simplest, extremely reliable and compact design for performing cyclic opening and closing of the outlet window of the loading hopper cars.

A cam mechanism, the design of which involves the use of one or more rollers, allows you to adjust the cyclic opening of the rotary valve over time and, accordingly, the required frequency of cycles for feeding grain material from the loading hopper into a bath with an aqueous salt solution, which determines the adjustment of the required machine performance taking into account 100% separation harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut) from grain seeds.

In the design of the machine, the installation of a cam mechanism on the driven shaft of the waste conveyor allows the rotational motion of its rollers to be transferred to the rocking motion of the rotary valve over the shortest distance through the transmission elements, which determines the low metal consumption of the design of the cyclic grain feeding device.

Making the pusher adjustable makes it possible, using the adjusting nuts on it, to adjust the cyclic grain feeding device to the shock-free mode of operation of the hinged rotary valve against the wall of the outlet opening of the loading hopper and the rollers of the cam mechanism against the double-arm lever.

The cyclic grain feeding device with the presented elements is distinguished by its simple and reliable design compared to electronic control systems with electric or hydraulic drive, does not require complex equipment for its manufacture, and has low metal consumption.

As a result, the operation of the proposed device achieves a positive effect that is superior to the effect of the prototype. The new set of features of the proposed device, which ensures a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure shows a diagram of a machine for separating harmful impurities from grain seeds, where arrows show the movement of the grain material flow, the cleaned seed flow and the waste flow (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut).

A machine for separating harmful impurities from grain seeds consists of a frame 1, a bath 2, a loading hopper 3 with an outlet window equipped with an adjustment valve 4, seed conveyors 5 and waste 6. Bath 2 is welded to frame 1. Hopper 3 with an outlet a window equipped with an adjusting valve 4 is installed above the bath 2. Along the width of the bath 2, the seed conveyors 5 and waste 6 have scrapers 7 and 8 in the form of blades, respectively, which are installed at regular intervals and attached to closed traction chains that encircle the drive and driven sprockets . The gap Δ between the bottom 9 of the bath 2 and the working edge of the scrapers 7 and 8 of the seed conveyors 5 and waste 6 is no more than the thickness of a grain of grain seeds. The upper parts of the conveyors 5 and 6, installed in the bath 2 with an inclination, are positioned above the level of the salt solution and the discharge ends are located above the discharge funnels 10 and 11, respectively. In the lower part of the bottom of the bath 2 there is a drain pipe 12 with a tap 13. On the frame 1 under the bath 2 there is an electric motor 14 and a worm-type gearbox 15 that reduces the speed to drive the seed conveyors 5 and waste 6 through drive sprockets with chain drives 16 and 17, respectively. The outlet window with the adjusting valve 4 of the loading hopper 3 of the machine is equipped with a cyclic grain supply device, consisting of a hinged rotary valve 18, having a lever 19 rigidly connected to its axis, connected to a spring 20 and to an adjusting pusher 21, the other end of which is through a double-armed lever 22 is connected to a cam mechanism 24 installed on the driven shaft 23 of the waste conveyor 6. The design of the cam mechanism 24 involves the use of one or more rollers 25.

A machine for separating harmful impurities from grain seeds works as follows.

To separate grain seeds from harmful impurities, grain material is poured into. hopper 3. Next, the seed conveyors 5 and waste 6 are turned on and activated. As a result of the rotation of the waste conveyor 6, rotational motion is transmitted from the rollers 25 of the cam mechanism 24, located on the driven shaft 23 of this conveyor 6, through the double-arm lever 22 and the adjusting pusher 21 into the rocking movement of the rotary valve 18 along the lever 19 rigidly connected to its axis and connected to the spring 20. Then, after setting the appropriate gap in the outlet window of the loading hopper 3 by the adjusting valve 4, the grain material begins to flow into the bath 2 with an aqueous salt solution at each cycle opening the outlet window of the loading hopper 3 with a rotary valve 18. The grain material supplied in portions during each cycle is stratified in a saline solution, as a result of which the grain seeds sink to the bottom of the bath 2, and harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut) have less specific gravity compared to grain seeds, float to the surface of an aqueous salt solution. When the conveyor 6 rotates, its scrapers 8 move the aqueous salt solution and create a continuous surface movement in the direction of the conveyor 6. As a result of the circulation movement of the aqueous salt solution, harmful impurities floating on its surface (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut) are captured by the scrapers 8 conveyor 6 and move with the lower branch along the bottom 9 of bath 2 in the direction of unloading to the unloading funnel 11. When moving harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, sclerotia of ergot and smut) in the direction of unloading, an aqueous solution of salt flows from them along the inclined bottom 9 back into the bath 2 through the gap Δ between the working edge of the scrapers 8 and the bottom 9. Grain seeds from the bottom of the bath 2 are captured by the scrapers 7 of the conveyor 5 and are moved by the lower branch in the direction of unloading to the unloading funnel 10. When the conveyor 5 moves grain seeds in the direction of unloading, an aqueous solution of salt flows from them along the inclined bottom 9 back into the bath 2 through the gap Δ between the working edge of the scrapers 7 and the bottom 9. Subsequently, the cleaned seeds, as well as harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut) are removed from the bath 2 by conveyors 5 and 6, from the unloading funnels 10 and 11, respectively, enter the shipping tanks or subsequent transporting organs of the technological lines for processing grain material.

The productivity of the machine is regulated by changing the gap in the outlet window of the loading hopper 3 using its damper 4 and the frequency of the cyclic supply of grain material into the bath 2 from the hopper 3 by installing the required number of rollers 25 in the cam mechanism 24.

When preserving the machine for seasonal storage, by opening tap 13, an aqueous solution of salt from bath 2 is poured through drain pipe 12 into a special container. The spent aqueous salt solution can later be used as a mineral fertilizer and applied to the soil to increase crop yields.

The advantage of the proposed invention compared to the prototype is a significant improvement in the quality of purification of grain crop seeds from harmful impurities (poisonous weed seeds, ergot sclerotia and smut) due to the use of cyclic feeding of grain into a machine bath with an aqueous salt solution.

Claims (1)

A machine for separating harmful impurities from grain seeds by specific gravity in an aqueous solution of inorganic salt, consisting of a frame and a bath located on it, a loading hopper with an outlet window equipped with an adjustment valve, seed and waste conveyors with scrapers installed at regular intervals along their length in the form of blades attached to closed traction chains encircling the drive and driven sprockets, and the gap Δ between the bottom of the bath and the working edge of the scrapers of the seed and waste conveyors is no more than the thickness of the grain of grain seeds, characterized in that the outlet window with an adjustable flap of the loading hopper equipped with a cyclic grain supply device, consisting of a hinged rotary valve having a lever rigidly connected to its axis, connected to a spring and an adjusting pusher, the other end of which is connected through a double-arm lever to a cam mechanism with one or more rollers installed on the driven shaft of the waste conveyor .