RU2667066C1 - Clavus from rye seeds separation machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the machine building and can be used in agricultural production, flour-elevator and feed mill industry for the bulk materials cleaning, mainly grains and granular materials, of the poisonous clavus by the specific gravity (density). Machine for the ergot from rye seeds separation by specific gravity in the solution, for example, of potassium salt, consists of bath, the rye seeds and clavus conveyors with arranged at regular intervals along their length transverse strips, hopper with feeder, which wall is immersed into the salt solution and divides the bath cavity with the rye seeds conveyor from the clavus conveyor. Rye seeds and clavus conveyors transverse strips are made in the form of scrapers, attached to the enveloping drive and driven sprockets closed traction chains. At its output end, the bath bottom under the rye seeds conveyor scrapers is made in the form of sieve, under which a waste tank is located. Under the clavus conveyor scrapers a sieve is installed, which outlet part is located above the solution in the bath level, and immersed in the solution lower end is connected to the deflection plane.EFFECT: increase in the rye seeds cleaning quality, as well as reduction in the process specific energy intensity, reducing metal consumption.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry for the cleaning of bulk materials, mainly grain and granular materials, from toxic ergot horns by specific gravity (density).

A known machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a hopper with a feeder, a bath, conveyors, a pump, shower units for rinsing rye seeds and ergot horns with water and two fans for drying them when moving to conveyors, a collector for the solution, which is pumped into the pipe with a number of holes along its entire length, installed slightly below the liquid level in the bath [A. 120387 USSR, MKI 43E / 12. A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds / Tryndin I.A. - No. 600596/30; declared 05/21/1958; publ. 06/27/1959, Bull. No. 11. - 2 p.].

In a well-known machine, the separation of toxic ergot horns from rye seeds is carried out in a solution of potassium salt by specific gravity (density). At the same time, the use of a pump for pumping salt solution from the collector to the feeder zone, shower units for rinsing rye seeds and ergot horns and fans for drying them when moving on conveyors significantly complicates the design, maintenance and repair of the machine. These circumstances lead to an increase in metal consumption, an increase in the specific energy consumption of the technological process and the specific costs of servicing and repairing the machine.

Another disadvantage of this device is that the ergot horns after entering the salt into the solution by the feeder and found themselves in a stagnant zone, that is, outside the zone of the surface movement of the solution, absorb water over time and, increasing the specific gravity (density), subsequently fall to the bottom baths, and then conveyor along with rye seeds are taken out of the car. This circumstance worsens the completeness of separation of rye seeds from ergot horns and reduces the effectiveness of this device.

Further, the performance in the machine of conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns in the form of tape determines, during their rotation, the removal of part of the salt solution together with the separated components of the grain heap out, which leads to irretrievable losses of the solution and, accordingly, an increase in the unit cost of the process.

Also, rye seeds and ergot horns transported by belt conveyors slide off the surface of their belt back into the bath due to the low coefficient of friction of the relatively smooth surface of the belt. To avoid this, conveyors must rotate at an increased frequency, which increases the energy consumption of the process and reduces the resource of parts of these conveyors.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the present invention relates to a machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns, made in the form of tape screens with installed equal gaps along their length with transverse slats, a hopper with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the bath cavity with a rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor [FIPS decision of 02.20.201 7 on the grant of a patent for an invention, IPC B03B 5/48, B02B 1/04. A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds / Sysuev V.A., Saytov V.E., Savinykh P.A., Saytov A.V .; applicant Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky. " - No. 2015148311/03 (074344); declared 11/10/2015. - 8 p.] - prototype.

In the known device, the opening sizes of the conveyor belt sieves should be no more than 0.8 ... 1.0 mm to exclude the passage of rye seeds and ergot horns back into the bath when transporting them out, since the rye grains have a length of 5.0 ... 10.0 mm , a width of 1.4 ... 3.6 mm and a thickness of 1.2 ... 3.5 mm [Burkov A.I. Development and improvement of pneumatic systems of grain cleaning machines. - Kirov: FGBNU "NIISH of the North-East", 2016. - 380 p.], And ergot horns have a length of 3.4 ... 14.6 mm, a width of 1.0 ... 3.0 mm and a thickness of 0.8 ... 1, 8 mm [Pavlovsky, G.T. Cleaning, drying and active ventilation of grain. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. / G.T. Pavlovsky, S.D. Ptitsyn - M: Higher School, 1972. - 256 p.].

However, with such small openings of the conveyor belt sieves, due to the surface tension of the aqueous salt solution, part of the salt solution is removed along with the separated components of the grain material to the outside, which leads to irretrievable losses of the solution and, accordingly, an increase in the unit cost of the process.

To destroy the formed surface tension of the aqueous salt solution on the surface of the conveyor belt sieves and to drain the solution through the sieve openings back into the bath, a special shaking device is required, which greatly complicates the design of the machine, which ultimately leads to an increase in the metal consumption and energy consumption of the technological process.

The use of rye seed conveyors and ergot horns in the form of tape sieves stretched over two rotating drums leads to rapid fatigue wear and breakage of the metal threads of these sieves during operation, which increases the unit cost of servicing and repairing the machine.

In addition, in the grain material entering the bath through the hopper with a feeder, there may be a certain amount of mineral impurities (sand, tiniest pebbles, etc.) having a higher specific gravity (density) compared to ergot horns, and which, together with rye seeds sink to the bottom of the bath, and then the total mass of the conveyor (along with rye seeds) are carried out, which affects the quality of rye seed cleaning.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a known machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution, for example, potassium salt consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length, a hopper with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the bath cavity with the rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor, the transverse bars of the rye seed conveyors and ergot horns are made in the form of scrapers bonded to closed traction chains enveloping the drive and driven sprockets, and the bottom of the bathtub under the rye seed conveyor scrapers at its outlet end is made in the form of a sieve, under which there is a waste tank, and a sieve is installed under the scrapers of the ergot horns conveyor, the outlet of which is located above the level solution in the bath, and the lower end immersed in the solution is connected to the reflective plane.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

Performing across the width of the bath of the conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns in the form of scrapers that are installed at regular intervals and secured to closed traction chains enveloping the drive and driven sprockets, reduces the metal consumption and unit costs of maintenance and repair of the machine.

The removal of rye seeds and mineral impurities (sand, tiniest pebbles, etc.) that have settled on the bottom of the bathtub with moving scrapers of the lower branch of the conveyor ensures the continuity of the process performed, as well as the destruction of the surface tension of the aqueous salt solution on the surface of the sieve formed at the outlet end the bottom of the bath, due to friction, which eliminates the removal of part of the salt solution together with the separated components of the grain material to the outside by draining the solution through the sieve openings back into the bath and and through them of mineral contaminants in the waste tank. These circumstances lead to a decrease in the unit cost of the technological process, as well as an increase in the quality of purification of rye seeds from impurities.

The location of the waste tank under the sieve, formed at the output end of the bottom of the bath, provides reception, accumulation, and then removal of mineral impurities to the outside after the technological process by the machine.

The presence of a reflective plane in the bathtub connected to the lower end of the sieve installed under the scrapers of the ergot horns conveyor prevents the ergot horns from getting into the stagnant zone and ensures their stable removal from the solution surface by the scrapers further onto the sieve.

Installing an ergot sieve under the conveyor scraper horns, the outlet part of which is located above the level of the salt solution in the bath, allows the ergot horns to move the lower branch of the conveyor outward, at which the surface tension of the aqueous salt solution is destroyed on the surface of this sieve, which eliminates the removal of part of the salt solution together with ergot horns outward by draining the solution through the sieve openings back into the bath, which also leads to a reduction in unit cost th technological process.

As a result, during the operation of the proposed device, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure shows the proposed machine for separating ergot from rye seeds, where the arrows show the movement of the flow of grain material, the flow of rye seeds, the flow of ergot horns and the flow of mineral impurities.

The machine for separating ergot from rye seeds consists of a frame 1, a bath 2, a hopper 3 with a feeder 4, conveyors of rye seeds 5 and ergot horns 6. A bath 2 is mounted on a frame 1. A hopper 3 with a feeder 4 is mounted above the bath 2, with the wall 7 feeder 4 is immersed in a salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath 2 with the rye seed conveyor 5 from the conveyor of ergot horns 6. The width of the bath 2, the conveyors of rye 5 seeds and ergot horns 6 are made in the form of scrapers 8, which are installed at regular intervals and fixed to the closed traction drive envelopes and Edom asterisk. The upper parts of the conveyors 5 and 6, installed in the bath 2 with an inclination, are exposed above the salt solution level and the unloading ends are located above the ramp boards 9 and 10. Under the scrapers 8 of the ergot horns conveyor 6, a sieve 11 is installed, the outlet part of which is located above the solution level in the bath 2. The lower end of the sieve 11, immersed in the solution, is connected to the reflective plane 12. The bottom of the bath 2 under the scrapers 8 of the rye seed conveyor 5 at its output end is made in the form of a sieve 13, under which there is a waste tank 14. Waste tank 14, they The drain cock 15, which is below, is connected by the upper part to the bath 2. The hopper 3, into which the grain material is poured, has a net 16 in the upper part. A drain plug 17 is provided in the lower part of the bottom of the bath 2.

A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds works as follows.

To clean rye seeds from ergot horns, the grain material is poured into hopper 3. The mesh 16 installed on top of hopper 3 prevents foreign objects (sticks, stones, burlap, large parts of plant residues, etc.) from entering it. After the conveyors 5 and 6 are turned on by opening the feeder valve 4, the grain material is fed into the bath 2. When the grain material enters the salt solution, rye seeds, as well as a small amount of mineral admixture present in the grain material (sand, tiniest pebbles, etc.) are lowered to the bottom of the bath 2, and ergot horns having a lower specific gravity (density) in comparison with rye seeds and a mineral admixture float to the surface of the salt solution. When the conveyor 6 rotates, its scrapers 8 move the salt solution and create a continuous surface movement from the wall 7 of the feeder 4 to the conveyor 6. As a result of the circulating movement of the salt solution, ergot ergot horns on its surface move towards the conveyor 6, are captured by its scrapers 8 and are moved by the lower branch along the sieve 11 in the direction of unloading to the pitched board 10. When moving ergot horns in the direction of unloading, the salt solution flows from them back into the bath 2 through the openings of the sieve 11. Rye seeds from the bottom of the bath 2 are captured by scraper 8 of the conveyor 5 and the lower branch moves in the direction of unloading to the ramp board 9. When the conveyor moves 5 rye seeds in the direction of unloading, the salt solution flows from them into the waste tank 14 through the openings of the sieve 13. In the waste tank 14, by passage through the openings of the sieve 13, a mineral admixture also arrives (sand, tiniest pebbles, etc.). Rye seeds and ergot horns, taken out of the bathtub by 2 conveyors 5 and 6, are then transported via ramp planes 9 and 10 to the shipping containers or subsequent transporting organs of the processing line for processing grain material.

The performance of the machine is regulated by changing the area of the output section of the feeder 4 by opening or closing its shutter. The removal of accumulated impurities from the waste tank 14 is carried out by opening its drain valve 15 after the technological process by the machine. When preserving the machine for seasonal storage by opening the stopper 17, the salt solution from the bath 2 is poured into a special container.

The presence of rye seeds in a solution of potassium salt enriches them with potassium, which improves the strawiness of a given grain crop, reduces its litter quality and, accordingly, increases the yield during harvesting by combine harvesters.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is the reduction due to its constructive implementation of the specific energy consumption of the process, the reduction of metal consumption and unit costs for maintenance and repair of the machine, improving the quality of cleaning rye seeds.

Claims (1)

A machine for separating ergot from rye seeds by specific gravity in a solution of, for example, potassium salt, consisting of a bath, conveyors of rye seeds and ergot horns with transverse bars installed at regular intervals along their length, a hopper with a feeder, the wall of which is immersed in a salt solution and separates the cavity of the bath with the rye seed conveyor from the ergot horns conveyor, characterized in that the transverse bars of the rye seed conveyors and ergot horns are made in the form of scrapers attached to closed traction chains enveloping water and driven stars, the bottom of the bath under the scrapers of the rye seed conveyor at its outlet end is made in the form of a sieve, under which there is a waste tank, and a sieve is installed under the scrapers of the ergot horns conveyor, the outlet of which is located above the solution level in the bath, and the lower end immersed in the solution is connected to the reflective plane.

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