RU2693524C1 - Regenerative cartridge of self-contained breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to insulating respiratory apparatuses on chemically bound oxygen intended for protection of respiratory apparatus in an emergency situation. Regenerative cartridge of the insulating respiratory apparatus on chemically bound oxygen contains a regenerative product, a filter-refrigerator and a starting device consisting of a housing, in which starting briquette and an ampoule with an initiating liquid are installed. According to the invention, the launching device housing is equipped with a threaded socket and is connected to the cartridge body by a threaded nozzle connecting the cavity of the launching device housing to the cavity of the regenerative cartridge. In the starter housing between the ampoule with initiating liquid and starting briquette there is a gasket equipped with gas passing channels on the side facing the starting briquette, and between the start briquet and the bottom of the housing there is a gasket equipped with gas passage channels on both sides.

EFFECT: invention provides breathing comfort, increased degree of regenerative product development and higher reliability of the insulating respiratory apparatus due to more reliable cartridge start-up.

6 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to regenerative cartridges of isolating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen, intended for the protection of respiratory organs in an emergency.

Known regenerative cartridge isolating breathing apparatus for chemically bound oxygen (US Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 1677893, IPC AV 7/08, 1997) containing a starting briquette and regenerative product, and the cartridge is sequentially filled with starting briquette in the form of a multichannel heat-resistant block, with a layer of granulated regenerative product on based on sodium superoxide up to 30% of the volume and the rest of the volume is filled with a regenerative product in the form of multichannel blocks of potassium superoxide.

This cartridge is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- the location of the layer of granulated regenerative product from sodium superoxide directly on the exhale leads to the formation of a melted product and, as a result, uneven oxygen evolution;

- granulated product when in contact with water vapor of exhaled air is able to disperse, i.e. to be covered with a foamy film, which leads to an increase in the resistance to breathing, creating uncomfortable conditions, and leads to a deterioration in the performance of the product;

- the conclusion of starting briquette and granulated regenerative product in metal mesh shells, designed to exclude ingress of granulated product into the channels of the starting briquette, cause insufficient efficiency of heat transfer from the starting briquette to the layer of granulated regenerative product, which reduces the efficiency of the cartridge at low temperatures;

- as follows from the description of the invention, the location on the inhale of the granulated product required the installation before and after it of anti-dust filters, creating additional resistance to breathing

- the heat dissipation of the selected granular regenerative product from sodium superoxide when interacting with carbon dioxide and water vapor exceeds the heat dissipation of the same amount of potassium superoxide, which requires additional heat removal to ensure breathing comfort.

Also known regenerative cartridge isolating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen (US Pat. RF №2483767, IPC А62В 19/00, published 10.06.2013), containing at the entrance of the starting briquette in the form of a multichannel heat-resistant unit and a regenerative product in the form of a layer of granulated regenerative product and in the form of multichannel blocks of potassium superoxide. The cartridge is successively filled with a potassium superoxide regenerative product in the form of multichannel blocks adjacent to the starting briquette, and a granulated potassium superoxide regenerative product, and the location of the channels in the starting briquette corresponds to the location of the channels in the multichannel blocks. At the entrance to the cartridge installed plate of foam metal with a hole under the starting device

This cartridge is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- granulated product when in contact with water vapor of exhaled air is able to disperse, i.e. to be covered with a foamy film, which leads to an increase in the resistance to breathing, creating uncomfortable conditions, and leads to a deterioration in the performance of the product;

- as follows from the description of the invention, the location in the cartridge of the granulated product required the installation of dust filters before and after it, which create additional resistance to breathing;

- the assembly process is complicated due to the use of the regenerative product in the form of channel blocks and granulated product, the assembly of the cartridge is complicated by the need to ensure the coincidence of the product channels and the starting briquette.

Partially these deficiencies are eliminated in an isolating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen (RF Patent No. 23535314, IPC AV 7B08, 2008), adopted as a prototype and containing a regenerative cartridge placed in the breathing bag with an overpressure valve with a regenerative product and a starting device consisting from the starting briquette and ampoule with the initiating liquid, and the ampoule with the initiating liquid is provided with a fitting, tightly connected to the breathing bag by means of a skirt made of elastic material, while the ampoule and the starting oic preform enclosed in a perforated body mounted on the cover with a gap regenerative cartridge. The ampoule and the starting briquette are installed in a perforated case eccentric, and an eccentric washer is installed between the ampoule and the starting briquette. The starting briquette and eccentric washer are placed in a hydrophilic shell with a hole under the ampoule, and a sleeve of elastic material is installed on the skirt. On the case of the regenerative cartridge, the tide is made with a threaded socket for mounting the perforated case of the starter.

The disadvantages of the known device are as follows:

- the cavity of the starting briquette body with its perforation communicates with the cavity of the breathing bag. Since the efficiency of absorption of carbon dioxide by the regenerative product depends on the temperature, the regenerative cartridge at negative temperatures will work worse, since there is no heating of the regenerative product with the heat of the starting briquette;

- the assembly of the isolating breathing apparatus is complicated by the need to protect the starting device against contact with ambient air, since moisture leads to the decomposition of the starting briquette, i.e. decrease in reliability of work.

The objective of the invention is to improve the operational characteristics of an insulating breathing apparatus.

The technical result when using the invention is to improve the reliability of the launch of the regenerative cartridge in the work.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen containing a regenerative product, a cooler filter and a starting device consisting of a body in which the starting briquette and an ampoule with an initiating liquid are installed, the starting device is provided with a threaded socket and connected to the case of the cartridge with a threaded fitting connecting the cavity of the starting device with the cavity of the regenerative cartridge in the starting device between Mpule with initiating and liquid starter preform installed gasket provided with gas channels on the side facing the trigger preform and preform between the trigger and the housing bottom a gasket provided with gas channels on both sides.

The gas passage channels can be made in the form of radial grooves made on the end surface of the gasket.

Starting briquette can be placed in a gas-permeable hydrophilic shell with a hole under the ampoule.

The outlet of the threaded fitting in the cartridge may be adjacent to the filter cooler.

A distance element that interacts with the side surface of the starting briquette can be additionally installed in the housing.

The spacer element can be made in the form of a perforated shell, provided with protrusions on its outer and inner sides.

Supplying the case of the starting device with a threaded socket and connecting to the case of the cartridge with a threaded fitting connecting the cavity of the case of the starting device with the cavity of the regenerative cartridge, installing in the case of the starting device between the ampoule with the initiating liquid and the starting briquette of the gasket equipped with gas passage channels on the side facing the starting briquette and the installation between the starting briquette and the bottom of the gasket body, equipped with gas passage channels on both sides provides:

- improving the start-up briquette reliability, since the liquid from the ampoule is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the briquette, while the presence of a hydrophilic casing and gaskets with gas passage channels completely excludes spillage and splashing of the initiating liquid;

- provides quick start-up of the regenerative product due to the use for its initial heating of the heat released during the operation of the starting briquette, which increases the reliability of starting it at negative temperatures;

- provides a minimum increase in pressure in the case of the starting device, which dramatically reduces the removal of alkaline aerosols during operation of the starting briquette and reduces the risk of destruction of the starting device during clogging of the exhaust lines;

- simplifies the design of the starter and assembly technology and manufacturing.

Execution on the case of a threaded socket for installation of the case of the starting device provides a simplified design and increases the convenience of assembly, since the starting briquette is prevented from contacting atmospheric moisture when assembling the starting device.

The execution of the gas passage channels in the form of radial grooves made on the end surface of the gasket ensures their ease of manufacture (can be gouging, milling, pressing, casting, pairwise drilling, using an abrasive tool, etc.).

Placing the starting briquette into a gas-permeable hydrophilic shell with a hole under the ampoule improves the reliability of the briquette by eliminating the spillage of the initiating liquid, bypassing the starting briquette, as well as reducing the heat loss when the briquette starts. When this is achieved by increasing the duration of the briquette due to the supply of moisture, which is absorbed by the hydrophilic shell. When the briquette is heated, moisture vapor from the hydrophilic shell is absorbed by the starting briquette and regenerative product, which provides an increase in the duration of intensive oxygen evolution. This improves the usability of the device for respiratory protection.

The abutment of the outlet of the threaded fitting in the body of the cartridge to the filter-cooler ensures the purification of the generated oxygen from alkaline dust and its cooling.

Additional installation in the case of the spacer element that interacts with the side surface of the starting briquette ensures fixation of the starting briquette under the impact of shock and vibration loads during transportation and operation, as well as the constancy of the gap between the starting briquette and the starting device case.

The implementation of the spacer element in the form of a perforated shell, provided with protrusions on its outer and inner sides, provides ease of manufacture of the element and the ease of its installation.

The device of the regenerative cartridge of the isolating breathing apparatus is shown in the drawings, where

in fig. 1 - a general view of the regenerative cartridge of the device for respiratory protection placed in the breathing bag;

in fig. 2 is the same as in FIG. 1, top view;

in fig. 3 is the same as in FIG. 1, side view;

in fig. 4 - lattice bottom of the cartridge;

in fig. 5 - starting device in section;

in fig. 6 is the same as in FIG. 5, top view;

in fig. 7 - top gasket, side view;

in fig. 8 is the same as in FIG. 7, top view;

in fig. 9 is a section according to A-A of FIG. 7;

in fig. 10 - bottom gasket, side view;

in fig. 11 is the same as in FIG. 10, top view;

in fig. 12 - fork along arrow A of FIG. 10, bottom view;

in fig. 13 is a section according to BB FIG. eleven;

in fig. 14 is a section according to BB FIG. 12;

in fig. 15 shows callout I of FIG. 5 and the flow pattern of the generated oxygen when the starter operates;

in fig. 16 is a side view of the spacer; in fig. 17 is the same as in FIG. 16, sweep.

The list of positions indicated on the drawings:

1. the body of the cartridge;

2. inhale pipe - exhalation;

3. lattice bottom;

4. regenerative product;

5. filter cooler;

6. starting device;

7. case starting;

8. starting briquette;

9. ampoule with initiating fluid;

10. breathing bag;

11. threaded socket;

12. threaded nipple;

13. laying the top;

14. gas passage;

15. bottom gasket;

16. gas-permeable hydrophilic shell;

17. the spacer element;

18. perforated shell;

19. ledge;

20. overpressure valve (KID).

The regenerative cartridge of an insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen contains a housing 1 with an inhalation-exhalation nozzle 2 and a trellised bottom 3. In the housing 1 is placed the regenerative product 4 in the form of a package of profiled sheets of potassium superoxide on a fibrous substrate and a filter-cooler 5 in the form of a plate from nickel foam. On the outer side of the cartridge on the housing 1 is fixed a starting device 6 consisting of the housing 7, in which the starting briquette 8 and the ampoule with the initiating liquid (saline solution) 9 are installed. The housing 1 is enclosed in the breathing bag 10. The starting device 7 is provided with a threaded socket 11 and connected to the body of the cartridge 1 threaded fitting 12 connecting the cavity of the housing of the starter 6 with the cavity of the housing 1 of the regenerative cartridge. In the case of the starting device 7, an upper 13 gasket is installed between the ampoule with the initiating liquid 9 and the starting briquette 8, equipped with gas passage channels 14 on the side facing the starting briquette 8, and between the starting briquette 8 and the bottom of the housing 7 a gasket 15 is installed, equipped with gas passage channels 14 on both sides. The gas passage channels 14 are made in the form of radial grooves located on the end surface of the gasket. Starting briquette 8 is placed in a gas-permeable hydrophilic shell 16 with a hole under the vial. The output of the threaded fitting 12 in the housing 1 of the cartridge is adjacent to the filter-cooler 5. In the case of the starter 7, there is additionally installed a spacer element 17, which interacts with the side surface of the start-up briquette 8. The spacer element is designed as a perforated shell 18, fitted with protrusions 19 on its outer and inside. The body of the cartridge 1 is installed in the breathing bag 10, equipped with an overpressure valve (KID) 20.

The proposed device works as follows.

To actuate the starting device 6, the ampoule with the initiating fluid 9 is pressed, while the lower wall of the ampoule 9 is destroyed by the integrated cutting device shown in FIG. 5 and the initiating fluid (saline) from the ampoule 9 through the central hole of the upper gasket 13 and through the hole in the gas-permeable hydrophilic shell 16 enters the surface of the starting briquette 8, launching it. The starting briquette 8 releases oxygen, which through the gas passage channels 14 of the upper gasket 13, along the perforated shell 18 of the spacer element 17 provided with protrusions 19 and the gas passage channels 14 of the lower gasket 15 from the case of the starting device 7 enters through the threaded socket 11, the threaded fitting 12 and the filter a refrigerator in the body of the cartridge 1. In the filter-cooler 5, oxygen is cleaned of alkaline dust and is partially cooled. During the subsequent passage of oxygen in the body of the cartridge 1 through the gaps between the plates of the regenerative product 4, part of the heat is transferred to the regenerative product 4, activating it. From the body of the cartridge 1, oxygen enters through the inhalation-exhalation nozzle 2 directly to the user's inhalation, and through the trellis bottom 3 partially fills the breathing bag 10, providing oxygen to the user's breath at the initial moment of time when the regenerative product does not work yet.

When exhaling, exhaled air through the inhalation-exhalation nozzle 2 passes through the filter-cooler 5, which ensures the alignment of flow rates throughout the living section of the cartridge and ensures breathing comfort due to the work in the regenerative mode, is cooled by the exhaled air and cools the air after the regenerative cartridge during inhalation. At the same time, the filter cooler plate 5 acquires a temperature close to the temperature of the exhaled air, the insulating breathing apparatus. Passing through the gaps between the plates of the regenerative product 4, the cleaned air partially gives off moisture and heat to the regenerative product and is cleared of carbon dioxide. When this occurs, the heating of the regenerative product and, accordingly, the purified air. Next, exhaled air through the slatted bottom 3 enters the breathing bag 10.

When inhaling, the purified air passes from the breathing bag 10 through the grid bottom 3 into the body of the cartridge 1, is re-cleaned, passing through the gaps between the plates of the regenerative product 4 and the filter cooler 5, giving the latter excess heat and through the inhale-exhalation nozzle 2 enters the user's inhalation .

In the process of air regeneration in the circuit of an insulating breathing apparatus, an increase in the amount of gas-air mixture occurs, since the regeneration coefficient of potassium superoxide is 1.2, i.e. Oxygen regenerative product emits by volume 20% more absorbed carbon dioxide. Therefore, the excess gas-air mixture is automatically removed from the breathing bag 10 through the valve overpressure (KID) 20.

The invention provides comfort breathing, increasing the degree of testing of the regenerative product and improving the reliability of the isolating breathing apparatus due to more reliable launch of the cartridge.

Claims (6)

1. Regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen containing a regenerative product, a filter cooler and a starting device consisting of a body in which a starting briquette and an ampoule with initiating liquid are installed, characterized in that the starting device is provided with a threaded socket and is connected to the case of the cartridge threaded fitting connecting the cavity of the case of the starting device with the cavity of the regenerative cartridge in the case of the starting device between the ampoule with the initiating Fluid starting preform and a gasket provided with gas channels on the side facing the trigger preform and preform between the trigger and the housing bottom a gasket provided with gas channels on both sides. 2. The apparatus according to p. 1, characterized in that the gas passage channels are made in the form of radial grooves located on the end surface of the gasket. 3. The apparatus according to p. 1, characterized in that the starting briquette is placed in a gas-permeable hydrophilic shell with a hole under the ampoule. 4. The apparatus according to p. 1, characterized in that the outlet of the threaded fitting in the body of the cartridge is adjacent to the filter-cooler. 5. The apparatus according to p. 1, characterized in that the housing additionally installed distance element that interacts with the side surface of the starting briquette. 6. The apparatus according to p. 5, characterized in that the spacer element is made in the form of a perforated shell, provided with protrusions on its outer and inner sides.

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