RU2344857C2 - Protective device for respiratory organs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: protective device for respiratory organs includes part of protective clothing in form of hermetic envelope with double walls, in which air regeneration system is placed, equipped with starting mechanism and connected to respiratory organs isolation unit. Air regeneration system is made in form of packed regenerative material plates and equipped with flow switch, connected to respiratory organs isolation unit. The envelope is made in form of interconnected compartments, in which regenerative material packs are placed.

EFFECT: comfortable breath conditions, convenient continuous bearing of device due to user's body warmth rejection, simplified design, and increased degree of regenerative product using due to surface deployment of regenerative product.

15 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to personal respiratory protection devices used in an atmosphere unsuitable for breathing.

Respiratory protection devices are used in case of emergency in which the air becomes unsuitable for breathing. Such situations arise due to the release of toxic gases into the atmosphere, as well as during fires. In this case, the oxygen content in the ambient air decreases below 17%, which makes the air unsuitable for breathing. To protect the respiratory system, filtering and isolating gas masks are used. At the same time, filtering gas masks cannot be used with a lack of oxygen in the ambient air, as well as with high concentrations of toxic substances, especially carbon monoxide. Another serious drawback is the accumulation of trapped substances in the filter material, which is unacceptable especially with radiation or bacterial contamination of the surrounding air. Isolating gas masks are free from the above disadvantages, but are inconvenient to operate, since the load is concentrated in a compact regenerative cartridge, which restricts the freedom of movement of the user. Devices for respiratory protection with a regenerative product distributed in parts of clothing (in the form of vests, aprons, etc.) provide increased convenience in work, as they do not hamper the movement of the user even when doing heavy work and the ability to constantly wear the device due to uniform load distribution.

A device for protecting respiratory organs is known (PCT application No. 02/081029, IPC A62B 9/04, 2002), containing a source of respiratory gas made in the form of pressure vessels filled with air, connecting and regulating elements, a respiratory isolation unit, connected with a source of respiratory gas, and a vest. The vest is designed with compartments for installing pressure vessels in them, and the number of vessels depends on the size of the vessels and the size of the vest. The vessels are connected to each other by a low pressure pipe, which, in turn, is connected to a regulator on the front of the vest. A casing is attached to the outside of the vest to protect the user in the event of rupture of one of the pressure vessels. On the inside of the vest is a screen also designed to protect the user. The device also contains pressure monitoring sensors, an alarm device, and fasteners.

This device is characterized by insufficient wearing comfort due to the stiffness of the vest; the distribution of mass in the vest is not balanced, which causes it to shift when overcoming obstacles requiring a change in the spatial position of the user (tilting, moving by crawling under obstacles, etc.).

A device for protecting respiratory organs is known (German application No. 10160540, A41D 13/00, 2002), which is a part of protective clothing in the form of an airtight shell with double walls, to which a respiratory isolation unit (mouthpiece) is connected. An air regeneration system is installed in the cavity of the sealed enclosure, consisting of an autonomous source of oxygen (or air), equipped with a trigger mechanism and a carbon dioxide sorption device containing a sorbent based on calcium hydroxide or a regenerative product based on potassium superoxide (KO ₂ ). The carbon dioxide sorption device is made, for example, in the form of a cartridge and is installed in a hose connected to the mouthpiece, as well as in other places of the cavity to provide the necessary time for the protective action of the device as a whole. A hose connected to the mouthpiece is provided with a valve for supplying oxygen from the cavity to the respiratory organs of the user.

When the trigger is actuated, the cavity of the sealed enclosure is filled with air (or oxygen), as a result of which the protective clothing part acts as an air cushion for mechanical protection. Then, when the valve is opened, oxygen (or air) from the cavity of the sealed enclosure, which now functions as an air regeneration system, enters through the connecting hose to the respiratory system of the user. In this case, part of the oxygen can also come from a regenerative product based on potassium superoxide.

However, such a device is characterized by insufficient ease of use and does not provide comfortable breathing conditions due to the high resistance to exhalation due to excessive pressure in the cavity of the sealed shell, which performs the functions of the regeneration system. When the device is constantly worn, difficulties arise associated with poor removal of heat generated by the user's body due to the fact that part of the body is isolated from the environment by a hermetic shell with high thermal insulation properties. In addition, the device is difficult in design due to the need to place in this cavity an oxygen cylinder and a regenerative cartridge.

In such a device, it is difficult to achieve a high degree of development of the regenerative product due to the fact that exhaled air flows are not organized in the device. As a result, only part of the exhaled air passes through the regenerative product, and the rest of it remains unregenerated, since it is in a dead volume (i.e., it makes a reciprocating movement without interacting with the regenerative product). Due to the location of the regenerative product in various places in the cavity of the hermetic shell, a sufficient degree of absorption of carbon dioxide and oxygen evolution is not provided. In addition, the placement of a regenerative product in a hose leading to the respiratory system causes discomfort due to heating of the air during inspiration and an increase in breathing resistance.

The objective of the invention is to improve the operational characteristics of a device for protecting respiratory organs.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of comfortable breathing conditions, ensuring the convenience of constant wearing of the device by removing heat from the user's body, simplifying the design and increasing the degree of development of the regenerative product by deploying the surface of the regenerative product.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for respiratory protection, containing the protective clothing part in the form of a sealed shell with double walls, and an air regeneration system with a trigger connected to the respiratory isolation unit, the air regeneration system is made in the form of packets from a regenerative product in the form of plates and equipped with a flow switch connected to the respiratory isolation unit, and the walls of the shell are divided into chambers, while the chambers are connected by channels, and the packets are made of regenerative product housed in chambers.

The flow switch comprises an inspiratory valve and an exhalation valve and is connected to an additional chamber divided into two cavities by a longitudinal partition.

One cavity of the additional chamber is connected to the inlet of the air regeneration system and the exhalation valve, and the second is connected to the outlet of the regeneration system and the inspiratory valve.

The chambers with bags from the regenerative product, together with the respiratory isolation unit and the flow switch, are enclosed in a vacuum shell.

The vacuum shell is enclosed in a heat insulating power casing.

The heat-insulating power casing is mounted on a frame made in the form of a waist belt with a buckle connected to two shoulder straps with adjustable length, which are interconnected by two transverse connections, and on the shoulder straps there are devices for fastening the heat-insulating power casing with the possibility of changing its position relative to the belts .

Packages from the regenerative product are made with different thicknesses.

In the channels connecting the chambers, spacer elements are installed, made in the form of shells placed with a gap relative to each other with bundles of fibrous material enclosed in them.

The tows are made of glass mat impregnated with a heat-absorbing substance.

Crystalline hydrates of salts with a melting point above 38 ° C were used as a heat-absorbing substance.

The heat-insulating power casing with a sealed enclosure enclosed in it is made in the form of a vest.

The heat-insulating power casing with a sealed enclosure enclosed in it is made with windows on the back of the vest.

The heat-insulating power casing is made with a mesh wall on the front side of the vest.

The heat-insulating power casing is equipped with a pocket.

An additional chamber with a respiratory isolation unit and a flow switch is located in your pocket.

An aerosol filter is installed at the outlet of the air regeneration system.

The implementation of the air regeneration system in the form of packages of plates of the regenerative product in the form of plates equipped with a flow switch connected to the respiratory system isolation unit and dividing the wall of the shell into interconnected chamber channels in which the packages of the plates of the regenerative product are placed provides comfortable breathing conditions , since during exhalation there is an increase in the internal volume of the chambers, which ensures a decrease in breathing resistance. Such a device is simple in design and for the manufacture of chambers only a film material is required that is resistant to the effects of the regenerative product during its storage and operation, and the corresponding welding equipment. At the same time, an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product is achieved by increasing the duration of contact of the cleaned air with the regenerative product. The amount of air flow over the product increases by about 10-20 times, which, accordingly, increases the duration of contact, providing an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product.

The connection of the flow switch containing the inspiratory valve and the exhalation valve, with an additional chamber, divided into two cavities by a longitudinal partition, provides a reduction in size when folded and cooling of the inhaled air due to heat removal to the atmosphere. Due to such a constructive implementation of the device, the need for a corrugated tube is eliminated, and better heat removal from the inhaled air to the atmosphere is provided, which provides increased convenience in work, creation of comfortable breathing conditions and simplified design. This increases breathing comfort and ease of use while constantly wearing a respiratory protection device.

The connection of one cavity of the additional chamber with the inlet of the air regeneration system and the exhalation valve, and the second with the exit of the regeneration system and the inspiratory valve, provides circular circulation of the gas flow: the exhaled air through the exhalation valve through one of the cavities of the additional chamber enters the chambers with the regenerative product, in which air is cleaned of carbon dioxide, from where it enters the second cavity of the additional chamber, from which it enters the user through the inspiration valve.

The enclosure of the chambers made of polymer material together with the respiratory organs isolation unit in a vacuum shell ensures isolation of the regenerative product from the effects of carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the atmospheric air. This ensures long-term storage of the device by eliminating the effects on the polymer material of factors that cause aging of polymer materials: ionizing radiation, contact with chemicals contained in the air.

The enclosure of the vacuum shell in a heat-insulating power casing provides thermal insulation of the user from the elevated temperature that occurs during the operation of the regenerative product. In addition, reliable operation of the regenerative product is ensured at a reduced temperature due to the dosed heat removal, since the heat-insulating power casing has stable thermal resistance. The power elements of the casing increase the resistance of the device to mechanical stress, thereby reducing the possibility of destruction of the regenerative product when worn and used.

Fastening the heat-insulating power casing to the frame, made in the form of a belt with a buckle, connected to two shoulder straps with adjustable length, which are interconnected by two transverse connections, and on the shoulder straps there are devices for fastening the heat-insulating power casing with the possibility of changing its position relative to the belts , provides ease of use due to the individual adjustment of the frame on the body of the user and subsequent fastening to the frame of the insulating force of the casing in a position that provides ease of use and the ability to constantly wear the device. Simultaneously, a simplification of the design of the device is achieved through the unification of all elements enclosed in a sealed enclosure of the air regeneration system.

The implementation of the packages of plates of the regenerative product, mounted on opposite walls of the chambers, with different thicknesses, provides the creation of comfortable breathing conditions by mixing the layers of cleaned air when they wash the packages from the plates of the regenerative product. At the same time, design simplification is achieved by eliminating additional turbulizing devices providing mixing of the cleaned air, and an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product is also achieved. During the operation of the regenerative product, there is an increase in the volume of gas enclosed in the chambers due to the release of excess oxygen. This causes an increase in the live section of the chambers, which, in turn, ensures a decrease in the flow rate of exhaled air. This reduces the breakthrough of untreated carbon dioxide exhaled air by increasing the duration of contact of the cleaned air with the regenerative product, which reduces the concentration of carbon dioxide on inspiration. At the same time, breathing resistance is reduced. Thus, the device achieves comfortable breathing conditions, simplifies its design and at the same time increases the degree of development of the regenerative product.

The installation in the channels connecting the chambers of the spacer elements in the form of sealed shells with bundles of fibrous material enclosed in them, installed with a gap relative to each other, ensures the passage of air flow from one group of chambers to another group of chambers located in different planes, which eliminates overlapping channels when they are bent. At the same time, minimal breathing resistance and heat removal from the regenerated air through the channel walls are achieved. The implementation of the spacer inserts in the form of sealed shells with bundles of fibrous material enclosed in them provides simplicity of design and minimal resistance to the flow of regenerated air, which can freely pass in the gap between the sealed shells. In this case, the spacer inserts exclude the overlap of the hermetic shell during its deflection under the action of external loads. This provides increased convenience in work by reducing breathing resistance and creating comfortable breathing conditions.

The execution of strands of glass mat impregnated with a heat-absorbing substance, provides a decrease in the temperature of the cleaned gas-air mixture to a comfortable level due to interaction with the heat-absorbing substance. As a heat-absorbing substance, various organic substances (paraffins, wax, naphthalene, etc.), as well as various inorganic substances (for example, low-melting alloys, crystalline hydrates of salts, etc.) can be used to ensure a decrease in temperature when interacting with a passing gas-air mixture . This provides increased convenience in work and the creation of comfortable breathing conditions.

The use of crystalline hydrates of salts with a melting point above 38 ° C, for example, based on sodium acetate with accelerating crystallization and melting additives, as a heat-absorbing substance, provides heat absorption due to phase transformations.

This allows you to reduce the temperature of the inhaled air to a comfortable value, to eliminate local overheating during the work of the regenerative product, which provides increased convenience in work.

The implementation of the heat-insulating power casing and the hermetically sealed enclosure with the regeneration system in the form of a vest ensures the creation of the most ergonomic design of the respiratory protection device. In this design, due to the uniform distribution of the regenerative product, it is possible to constantly wear the device and to increase the convenience in operation. Heat loads are distributed on a large surface, which eliminates local overheating during the work of the regenerative product, providing comfortable breathing conditions. Due to the large extent of the contact zone of the exhaled air with the regenerative product, an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product is achieved.

The implementation of a heat-insulating power casing and a sealed enclosure with a regeneration system with windows on the back of the wrap vest placed in it allows you to divert your own heat into the environment generated by the user's body during movement and work. This prevents the accumulation of heat, which provides increased convenience in work, the ability to constantly wear the device and create comfortable breathing conditions.

The implementation of a heat-insulating power casing and a sealed enclosure with a regeneration system with a window in the front part, and supplying a heat-insulating power casing with a mesh wall on the front side of the cape vest, ensures the removal of the own heat generated by the user's body during movement and work. The presence of a mesh wall increases the mechanical strength of the front surface of the device. This increases the efficiency of heat removal from the regeneration system after bringing the device into working position by cooling the inhaled air. This prevents the accumulation of heat in the regeneration system, which provides increased ease of use, the ability to constantly wear the device and create comfortable breathing conditions when using the device.

Providing a pocket with a heat-insulating power casing and placing an additional chamber in the pocket with a respiratory isolation unit and a flow switch provides increased convenience in operation and the possibility of continuous wearing of the device by reducing the dull surface of the vest, which prevents heat from the user's body when working and when wearing. In the transport position, an additional chamber with a respiratory isolation unit and a flow switch is located in the pocket, and most of the front part of the vest, covered by a mesh wall, does not interfere with heat removal from the user's body, which is especially important when performing heavy work accompanied by high heat generation. Due to this, convenience in operation is achieved, it is possible to constantly wear the device. If it is necessary to bring the device into working position, the above-mentioned additional camera with a respiratory isolation unit and a flow switch are removed from the pocket and used for their intended purpose.

The installation at the outlet of the last chamber with packages of plates of the regenerative product of the aerosol filter provides not only the purification of the inhaled air from alkaline and acid aerosols, but also ensures the creation of pressurization in the chambers with the regenerative product. Under the influence of boost in the chambers, the internal volume increases, which increases the duration of contact of the regenerative product with the exhaled gas mixture. This provides an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a General view of a device for protecting respiratory organs in working position on a user, front view;

figure 2 shows the design of the air regeneration system at the junction of adjacent plates, section AA;

figure 3 is the same as in figure 1, rear view;

figure 4 is a General view of a device for protecting respiratory organs in an expanded position after removing from the pocket of an additional chamber;

5 is a General view of a device for protecting respiratory organs in a transport position on a user, front view;

Fig.6 - the same as in Fig.4 with a closed pocket;

Fig.7 shows a cross section of a chamber with a product;

Fig is a longitudinal section of a series-connected chambers (section along BB);

Fig.9 is the same as in Fig.8, a top view;

figure 10 shows a General view of the frame;

11 shows a cross-section along BB of the air regeneration system in the area with spacer elements;

12 shows a cross-section of a chamber with a product in a transport position (cross-section along G-G);

Fig.13 is the same as in Fig.12, when using the device.

The respiratory protection device comprises an airtight shell 1 with double walls 2, in which an air regeneration system 3 and a trigger mechanism 4 are placed. The airtight shell is made of polymer material in the form of chambers 6 connected in series with each other through channels 5 for air passage. As a polymer material non-combustible materials are used, such as a fluoroplastic film - 4 MB with a thickness of 50 μm, a polyimide film of the same thickness, etc. In chambers 6, regenerate bags 7 are fixed on opposite walls 2 vnogo product in the form of plates 8 (Figure 2). The respiratory organs isolation unit 9 is connected via a flow switch 10 to chambers 6 connected in series to each other.

The chambers 6 are connected to the longitudinal chamber 11 divided into two cavities by an additional chamber 12, the cavity 13 being connected by the input of the air regeneration system to the exhalation valve 14 of the flow switch 10, and the cavity 15 connecting the output of the regeneration system to the inspiration valve 16 of the flow switch 10. Chambers 6 together with the respiratory organs isolation unit 9 is enclosed in a vacuum casing 17. The vacuum casing 17 is enclosed in a heat-insulating power casing 18 (11, 12). The heat-insulating power casing 18 is made, for example, of high-strength aramid fabric with good thermal insulation properties. Thermal insulation made of a porous material, for example, oxalone, can be located under the fabric. The heat-insulating power casing 18 is equipped with a connector for installing inside it a vacuum shell 17 with cameras 6 (not shown) enclosed therein. The heat-insulating power casing 18 is mounted on the frame 19 in the form of a waist belt 20 with a buckle 21 connected to two shoulder straps 22 with buckles 23 and two cross ties 24 (Fig. 10). On the shoulder straps 22 are installed devices 25 for attaching a heat insulating power casing 18 with the possibility of changing its position relative to the belts. The device 25 can be made in the form of Velcro, lacing, etc.

Packets 7 from the regenerative product can be made with different thicknesses, as shown in Fig. 8. In the channels 5 connecting the chambers 6, spacer elements are installed, made in the form of sealed shells 26 with bundles 27 made of fibrous material enclosed in them, placed with a gap relative to each other. The tows 27 can be made of glass mat impregnated with a heat-absorbing substance. Crystalline hydrates of salts with a melting point above 38-40 ° C can be used as a heat-absorbing substance.

In the case of a heat-insulating power casing in the form of a vest 28, the casing is provided with windows 29 located on the rear of the vest. A window is also made on the front side of the heat-insulating power casing 18, on which a mesh wall 30 is fixed, under which a pocket 31 is placed. An additional chamber 12, a respiratory isolation unit 9 and a flow switch 10 are placed in the pocket 31. At the junction of the cavity 14 to the chamber 6 an aerosol filter 32 is installed.

A device for protecting the respiratory system operates as follows. When an emergency occurs, the trigger 4 is launched, after which the respiratory organs isolation unit 9 (for example, a mouthpiece) is installed in the user's mouth. During the operation of the trigger 4, oxygen is released, which, filling the regeneration system, pushes the walls of the chambers 6, as shown in Fig. 12 (initial position) and Fig. 13 (the position of the walls of the chamber 6 during operation of the device). When the user is breathing, exhaled air from the respiratory isolation unit 9 through the exhalation valve 14 of the flow switch 10 enters the cavity 13, from which it enters the chambers 6 through the channels 5 with the packages 7 of the regenerative product fixed on their walls in the form of plates 8. FIG. 1 and 3, arrows show the path of exhaled air from chamber No. 1 at the inlet to chamber No. 27 at the outlet. The exhaled air sequentially passes through the gap limited by the plates 8 of the regenerative product and through the channels 5. When the exhaled air passes through the chambers 6, water vapor and carbon dioxide are absorbed and the oxygen necessary for breathing is released. Air passing through the chambers with the regenerative product through the aerosol filter 32 enters the cavity 15 of the additional chamber 12 and when inhaling through the inspiration valve 16 of the flow switch 10 enters the isolation unit of the respiratory organs 9. When moving through the chambers 6, the air flow is turbulent due to interaction with the surface of the plates 8, as well as by washing with a stream of bags of different heights, as shown in FIG.

When air flows through a section with spacers in the form of sealed shells 26, air is cooled by transferring heat through the walls of the sealed shells 26 to bundles 27 soaked with heat-absorbing material with a melting point of about 38 ° C, which ensures breathing comfort.

The most convenient is the use of a device with a heat-insulating power casing mounted on the frame. When using the device, the frame 19 is first adjusted according to the user's figure with the buckle 21 of the waist belt 20 and the buckles 23 of the shoulder belts 22 so that the transverse ties 24 fit snugly against the user's body. Using devices 25 on the shoulder straps 22 is installed insulating power casing 18 so that it does not hamper the movement of the user. In the power heat-insulating power casing 18 is placed a regeneration system 3 enclosed in a vacuum casing 17. An additional chamber 12 with a trigger mechanism 4, a respiratory isolation unit 9 and a flow switch 10 are enclosed in a vacuum casing 17 and the pocket 31 opens when the device is started , the vacuum shell 17 is broken, and an additional chamber 12 with a trigger mechanism 4, a respiratory isolation unit 9 and a flow switch 10 is removed from it. The trigger mechanism 4 and further devices are launched It operates as described above.

Own heat generated by the user's body is discharged through the windows 29 on the back of the vest and through the mesh wall 30 on the front.

A respiratory protection device can be delivered to the consumer in two parts: in the form of a regeneration system 3 placed in an airtight shell formed by double walls 2 and enclosed in a vacuum shell 17 made of triplex - aluminum foil coated on both sides with a polymer film, and the second parts in the form of a heat-insulating power casing 18 mounted on the frame 19 in the form of a waist belt 20 with a buckle 21 connected to two shoulder straps 22 with buckles 23 and two cross ties 24. Assembling the device at the place of use as follows. The hermetic shell 1 with the regeneration system 3 is placed in a heat-insulating power casing 18, which, in turn, is fixed on the frame 19. The frame is adjusted over the body of the user. The device is ready to wear and run.

The frame may also have the form of an apron or cape, while the principle of operation of the device is preserved.

The invention provides the creation of comfortable breathing conditions, the convenience of constant wearing of the device, due to heat removal from the user's body, and an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product due to the deployment of the surface of the regenerative product.

Claims (15)

1. A device for protecting the respiratory system, containing the protective clothing part in the form of a sealed shell with double walls, and an air regeneration system with a trigger connected to the respiratory isolation unit, characterized in that the air regeneration system is made in the form of packets of plates of the regenerative product and equipped with a flow switch connected to the respiratory organs isolation unit, and the shell is made in the form of interconnected camera channels in which packages from a regenerative product are placed. 2. The respiratory protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chambers are connected to an additional chamber divided into two cavities by a longitudinal partition, one cavity being connected to the inlet of the air regeneration system with an exhalation valve, and the second connecting the outlet of the regeneration system to the inspiratory valve . 3. The respiratory protective device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chambers together with the respiratory isolation unit are enclosed in a vacuum shell. 4. A device for protecting respiratory organs according to claim 3, characterized in that the vacuum shell is enclosed in a heat-insulating power casing. 5. The respiratory protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat-insulating power casing is mounted on the frame in the form of a waist belt with a buckle connected to two adjustable shoulder straps, which are connected by two transverse connections, and devices are installed on the shoulder straps for fastening a heat-insulating power casing with the possibility of changing its position relative to the belts. 6. The respiratory protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the packages from the regenerative product are made with different thicknesses. 7. The respiratory protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the channels connecting the chambers, spacer elements are installed made in the form of sealed shells with bundles of fibrous material enclosed in them, placed with a gap relative to each other. 8. The respiratory protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that the tows are made of glass mat impregnated with a heat-absorbing substance. 9. The respiratory protection device according to claim 8, characterized in that crystalline hydrates of salts with a melting point above 38 ° C are used as heat-absorbing substance. 10. A device for protecting respiratory organs according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat-insulating power casing and the sealed enclosure with the regeneration system are made in the form of a vest. 11. The respiratory protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that the heat-insulating power casing and the hermetically sealed enclosure with the regeneration system are made with windows on the back of the vest. 12. The respiratory protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that the heat-insulating power casing and the hermetically sealed enclosure with the regeneration system are made with a window in the front part, and the heat-insulating power casing is provided with a mesh wall on the front side of the vest. 13. A respiratory protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat-insulating power casing is equipped with a pocket enclosed in a vacuum shell. 14. The respiratory protection device according to claim 13, characterized in that an additional chamber with a respiratory isolation unit and a flow switch is placed in the pocket. 15. The respiratory protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that an aerosol filter is installed at the output of the air regeneration system.

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