RU2568572C1 - Self-contained breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: self-contained breathing apparatus with chemically bonded oxygen contains a body with a regenerative product and a breathing bag. The regenerative product is placed into the breathing bag. The body with the regenerative product is connected to a respiratory organ isolation assembly and configured as plates; between the respiratory organ isolation assembly and the body, there is a flow switch. The flow switch is connected through an exhalation valve to a body input and through an inhalation valve to a breathing bag cavity. The body represents a skirt made of a polymeric film, on inner and outer surfaces of which there are plates of the regenerative product attached.

EFFECT: more reliable apparatus operation and facilitated assembly and application.

7 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to chemically bound oxygen isolating breathing apparatus for protecting respiratory organs in an emergency.

Known insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bonded oxygen, comprising a housing with a regenerative product made in the form of a cartridge, which contains a regenerative product enclosed in a spring-loaded mesh shell, a starting device, a gas distribution device in the form of a perforated pipe enclosed in a filter shell and connected to the insulation unit respiratory organs, consisting of a corrugated tube with a mouthpiece and nose clip, as well as a breathing bag connected to the cartridge. The case with the regenerative product is placed in the case body with a gap relative to its walls. A breathing bag and a corrugated tube with a mouthpiece and a nose clip are placed in the lid of the case, which is equipped with a rigid insert made of an elastic material and connected to the lid by a flexible connection. (RF patent N 2156627, IPC A62B 7/08, 1987).

However, this device is characterized by an imperfect design, leading to increased material consumption, worsening the weight and size characteristics of the apparatus, and inefficient heat dissipation, leading to insufficiently comfortable breathing conditions.

Also known is a chemically bonded oxygen insulating breathing apparatus with a reciprocating or circulating breathing process, comprising a housing connected to a respiratory isolation unit with a regenerative product with a connecting pipe, containing a regenerative product, a heat exchanger fixed to the upper side of the cartridge by means of its casing, and a filter a device, and between the isolation unit of the respiratory system and the body there is a flow switch connected to the exhalation valve with a cavity d a respiratory bag installed by means of a spacer device in the form of a heat insulating sheath in a breathing bag provided with an overpressure valve. The case with the regenerative product and the breathing bag are interconnected by means of special arches, and the neck of the bag is made with dimensions close to the dimensions of the cartridge and is enclosed in a mandrel. (USSR patent N 1419506, IPC A62B 2/08).

However, this device is also characterized by an imperfect design, leading to increased material consumption, worsening the weight and size characteristics of the apparatus, and insufficiently effective heat dissipation, leading to insufficiently comfortable breathing conditions. Thus, the main disadvantages are:

- insufficient packing density - the mass of the regenerative product per unit volume of the cartridge is small due to the need to make cavities in the cartridge - at the bottom for both options and at the top for the circulation option;

- due to the short duration of contact of the cleaned air with the regenerative product, the full development of the regenerative product under heavy loads is not achieved;

- increased complexity of the design of the cartridge and its equipment with a regenerative product;

- the relatively high resistance of the cartridge when inhaling due to the need to clean the air from aerosols that enter the inhaled air from the regenerative product. The total resistance of the aerosol filter and heat exchanger nullifies the gain in resistance, which is achieved by creating cavities in the product.

Also known is a prototype insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen (RF patent No. 2323375, IPC A62B 19/00, 2008), comprising a housing with a regenerative product connected to a respiratory isolation unit with a connecting pipe installed in the breathing bag, between the front part and the housing has a flow switch connected to the exhalation valve with the inlet of the housing and the inspiratory valve with the cavity of the breathing bag, and a filter device, the housing with the regenerative product is made in the form of shells and from a polymer film divided into series-connected chambers, on the opposite walls of which a regenerative product is fixed in the form of corrugated potassium superoxide plates with a reinforcing additive.

The disadvantages of such a device are:

- insufficient reliability of operation due to the possibility of blocking the passage between series-connected chambers with a regenerative product when the body is bent, made in the form of a shell of a polymer film, which causes an increase in breathing resistance.

The technical result of the invention is to improve ease of use by reducing breathing resistance.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in an insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen containing a body with a regenerative product in the form of plates installed in a breathing bag and connected to the respiratory isolation unit, the flow switch connected to the exhalation valve is installed between the respiratory isolation unit and the body with the entrance of the body and the inspiration valve with the cavity of the breathing bag, the body is made in the form of a skirt made of polymer film, on which the inner and outer surfaces are closed Lena plate regenerative product.

The regenerative product can be made in the form of corrugated plates.

The breathing bag can be made in the form of a shell of a polymer film.

At the bottom of the skirt can be installed coupling elements.

Cervical and waist straps can be attached to the breathing bag.

The breathing bag can be made of conductive film.

The breathing bag may be enclosed in a casing of non-combustible material.

The execution of the body in the form of a skirt made of polymer film, on which plates of the regenerative product are fixed on the inner and outer surfaces, provides:

- reducing breathing resistance to comfortable due to the optimization of flows in the cartridge by abandoning the multi-chamber design;

- simplification of the design of the apparatus and ease of assembly;

- a more complete development of the regenerative product by increasing the duration of contact of the cleaned air with the product and the formation of convective air flows in the breathing bag;

- ease of use of the device due to the simplification of bringing the device into working position.

The implementation of the regenerative product in the form of corrugated plates provides a more complete development of the plates in the regeneration process due to the formation of a gap between the plates.

The implementation of the breathing bag in the form of a shell of a polymer film provides a reduction in the mass of the respiratory bag and ease of assembly through the use of welding.

Installation in the lower part of the skirt of the clamping elements ensures the creation of backwater in the cavity of the skirt to 3-5 mm of water. Art., ensuring the formation of a channel in the central part of the skirt for the passage of cleaned air, this contributes to a more complete product development.

The fastening of the neck and waist straps on the breathing bag provides the convenience of bringing the insulating breathing apparatus into working position and is comfortable to wear.

The manufacture of a breathing bag from a conductive film enables the safe use of an insulating breathing apparatus in explosive environments by eliminating sparking.

The enclosure of a breathing bag in a casing of non-combustible material protects the breathing bag from damage by burning and sharp objects when using an insulating breathing apparatus in emergency conditions

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 is a General view of the insulating breathing apparatus in the working position with the front part in the form of a mask, front view;

FIG. 2 is a sectional perspective view of an insulating breathing apparatus with a front part in the form of a mouthpiece and a nose clip, and a diagram of gas flows in the apparatus, front view;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an insulating breathing apparatus with a front part in the form of a mouthpiece and nose clip, and a diagram of gas flows in the apparatus, rear view;

FIG. 4 is the same as in FIG. 2, side section;

FIG. 5 is a section along A-A, FIG. four;

FIG. 6 is a view of an insulating breathing apparatus in a case for wearing;

FIG. 7 - the working part of the insulating breathing apparatus in an airtight shell;

FIG. 8 is the same as in FIG. 7, when removed from an airtight shell;

FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 - the order of bringing the apparatus into working position;

FIG. 11 is a view of a plate of a regenerative product;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a plate along BB;

FIG. 13 is a view of a plate of a regenerative product;

FIG. 14 is a section through a plate along BB;

The list of positions indicated in figures 1-14:

1 - a respiratory bag;

2 - node isolation of the respiratory system;

3 - skirt;

4 - plate regenerative product;

5 - flow switch;

6 - exhalation valve;

7 - skirt mounting unit;

8 - inspiratory valve;

9 - a coupling element;

10 - mask;

11 - a hose;

12 - mouthpiece;

13 - nose clip;

14 - overpressure valve;

15 - starting device;

16 - a neck strap;

17 - waist strap;

18 - textile fastener (Velcro);

19 - a casing;

20 - a shell from "Terafol";

21 - an incision;

22. case;

23 - eye;

24 - bracket.

The insulating breathing apparatus (Fig. 1) contains a breathing bag 1 made of a chemically resistant polymer film (a 50 μm thick F4-MB fluoroplastic film or a 35 μm thick polyimide film coated with a F4-MB sprayed fluoroplastic) connected to the insulation unit respiratory organs 2. Inside the respiratory bag 1 is placed the body of the cartridge, made in the form of a skirt 3 from the above-described chemically resistant polymer film. The top of the skirt 3 is also connected to the isolation unit of the respiratory organs 2, and in the lower part the cavity of the skirt 3 communicates with the cavity of the respiratory bag 1.

The plates of the regenerative product 4 are fixed on the outer and inner surfaces of the skirt 3 using known devices, for example, tapes made of film, staples, mesh pockets, etc. Between the respiratory organs isolation unit 2 and the respiratory bag 1, a flow switch 5 is installed, the exhalation valve 6 of which is connected to the upper part of the skirt 3 by the attachment unit 7. The inspiratory valve 8 of the flow switch 5 is connected to the cavity of the respiratory bag 1. At the bottom of the skirt 3, there are clamping elements 9 in the form of brackets, clamps, or sections connected by welding. The respiratory isolation assembly shown in FIG. 1 is made in the form of a mask 10 connected to a flow switch 5 by a hose 11. In FIG. Figures 2 and 3 show the respiratory isolation unit 2 in the form of a mouthpiece 12 and a nose clip 13. An overpressure valve 14 is installed on the wall of the breathing bag 14. A starting device 15 is installed in the cavity of the breathing bag. As a starting device, a traditional starting composition with an ampoule equipped with starting solution. A tablet equipped with a spiral connected to a chemical current source may also be used. On the outside, neck straps 16 and waist straps 17 having textile fasteners 18 (Velcro) are attached to the breathing bag. The skirt 3 is fixed in the breathing bag 1 by attaching the upper part to the flow switch 5. The breathing bag 1 is placed in a casing 19 made of a non-combustible fabric like Nomex, which has high mechanical strength. When folded, the insulating breathing apparatus is a bag enclosed in a Terafol shell 20 (foil material enclosed in a polymer shell), for the convenience of removing the apparatus from the shell, cuts 21 are made on the latter. If necessary, the breathing apparatus is placed in the case 22, equipped with eyes 23 for wearing on the shoulder strap and a bracket 24 for wearing on the waist belt.

The proposed device operates as follows.

To actuate the insulating breathing apparatus, the apparatus in the sealed shell 20 is removed from the case 22, the sealed shell 20 is torn along the incisions 21 (Fig. 7). The respiratory bag 1 extends vertically and horizontally, as shown in FIG. 2, 9 and 10, and the starting device 15 is turned on by destroying the ampoule with the starting liquid or by heating a spiral (not shown). After that, the user puts on the mask 10 so that it fits snugly to the face, covering the nose and mouth. In the case of completing the apparatus with the front part in the form of a mouthpiece 12, the latter is installed in the oral cavity, and a nose clip 13 is installed on the user's nose. After that, the working part of the apparatus is fixed to the user's body with straps 16 and 17 using textile fasteners 18.

When the user breathes, exhaled air comes from the respiratory isolation unit 2, through the hose 11 and the flow switch 5 through the exhalation valve 6 into the skirt 3, in which it interacts with the plates of the regenerative product 4 fixed on the inner surface of the skirt 3. In the skirt 3, the air passes between the corrugations on the surface of the plates of the regenerative product 4. In this case, carbon dioxide is absorbed and the oxygen necessary for respiration is released. Due to the clamping elements 9 in the skirt 3 creates excess pressure, pushing the walls of the skirt. Partially purified air passes from the skirt 3 into the breathing bag 1, in which it interacts with the plates of the regenerative product 4 fixed on the outer surface of the skirt 3, while carbon dioxide is also absorbed and oxygen necessary for breathing is released. The carbon dioxide-free and oxygen-enriched air-gas mixture enters through the inspiratory valve 8 of the flow switch 5, as shown in FIG. 2 and 3, through the site of isolation of the respiratory organs to the user's breath. At the same time, a decrease in resistance to breathing is achieved by maintaining a gap in the breathing bag 1 and skirt 3 at any position in the space of the insulating breathing apparatus, since overpressure is created in the breathing bag 1 and the skirt 3. This allows you to increase reliability and reduce breathing resistance during operation of an insulating breathing apparatus. The use of the casing 19 provides protection of the breathing bag from mechanical damage.

Since the amount of oxygen generated by the product 4 exceeds the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the product, the pressure in the breathing bag 1 increases, and an overpressure valve 14 is released into the environment through the valve.

The invention improves the reliability of the apparatus and simplifies its assembly and use.

Claims (7)

1. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bonded oxygen, comprising a housing in the form of plates installed in a breathing bag and connected to the respiratory isolation unit, and a flow switch is installed between the respiratory isolation unit and the body and connected to the inlet of the exhalation valve and the valve inlet inhalation with a cavity of the breathing bag, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a skirt made of a polymer film on which regenerator plates are fixed on the inner and outer surfaces tive product. 2. An insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerative product is made in the form of corrugated plates. 3. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the breathing bag is made in the form of a shell of a polymer film. 4. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that there are coupling elements in the lower part of the skirt. 5. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the cervical and waist straps are fixed on the breathing bag. 6. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the breathing bag is made of a conductive film. 7. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the breathing bag is further enclosed in a casing of non-combustible material.

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