RU2323753C2 - Isolative respiratory apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: objects of personal using.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to isolative respiratory apparatus based on the fixed oxygen, destined for protection of the respiratory organs during emergency situations. The isolative respiratory apparatus contains the hull connected with the device of organs isolation with regenerative product, installed in breathing bag. Between the side part and the hull is installed the flow switch, connected with the expiration valve with inlet of the hull and with the valve of breath-in with the hollow of breathing bag and the filtering device. The hull with regenerative product is made as polymer film, divided into series-connected chamber, with the regenerative product fixed on the contrary walls.

EFFECT: it is provided the construction simplification and exceeding of the working out level of regenerative product.

5 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to chemically bound oxygen isolating breathing apparatus for protecting respiratory organs in an emergency.

Known insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bonded oxygen, comprising a housing with a regenerative product with nozzles, a starter mounted in the housing, a corrugated tube attached to one of the housing nozzles with a face in the form of a mouthpiece and nose clip and a breathing bag with a connecting element attached to pipe at the mouthpiece, and an elastic flange in the form of a sleeve with a disk and rifts attached to another pipe nozzle, a pressure valve mounted in the bag, and the flange of the bag is made with a spring element located between the sleeve and the peripheral part of the disk, rigidly attached to the bag and separated by rifts located on both sides of the disk concentrically to the flange axis, and the connecting element is made in the form of a spring plate, while the spring element the flange and the plate are made with a tensile modulus equal to the tensile modulus of the corrugated tube. (A.S. USSR N 1785712, IPC А62В 7/08, 11/26/1990).

The disadvantages of such a device include the imperfection of the structural design of the apparatus, leading to complexity of assembly and increased material consumption, worsening the weight and size characteristics of the apparatus.

The latter drawback is partially eliminated in a chemically bound oxygen insulating breathing apparatus containing a housing with a regenerative product made in the form of a housing in which a regenerative product enclosed in a spring-loaded mesh shell is placed, a starting device, a gas distribution device in the form of a perforated pipe enclosed in a filter shell and connected to the respiratory isolation unit, consisting of a corrugated tube with a mouthpiece and nose clip, and also connected to the body breathing bag. The case with the regenerative product is placed in the case body with a gap relative to its walls. A breathing bag and a corrugated tube with a mouthpiece and a nose clip are placed in the lid of the case, which is equipped with a rigid insert made of an elastic material and connected to the lid by a flexible connection. (RF patent N 2156627, IPC АВВ 7/08, 08/07/1987).

However, this device is also characterized by an imperfect design, leading to increased material consumption, worsening the weight and size characteristics of the apparatus, and inefficient heat dissipation, leading to insufficiently comfortable breathing conditions.

Also known is a chemically bonded oxygen insulating breathing apparatus with a reciprocating or circulating breathing process, comprising a housing connected to a respiratory isolation unit with a regenerative product with a connecting pipe, containing a regenerative product, a heat exchanger fixed to the upper side of the housing through its housing, and a filter a device installed by means of a spacer device in the form of a heat insulating shell in a valve equipped with an excess of yes Lenia breathing bag. The case with the regenerative product and the breathing bag are interconnected by means of special arches, and the neck of the bag is made with dimensions close to the dimensions of the case and enclosed in a mandrel. (USSR Patent N 1419506, IPC 4 А62В 2/08).

However, this device is also characterized by an imperfect design, leading to increased material consumption, worsening the weight and size characteristics of the apparatus, and insufficient effective heat removal, leading to insufficiently comfortable breathing conditions. Technologically, the formation of the shell of the respiratory bag is carried out by gluing from individual rubber-tissue fragments, after which the neck of the respiratory bag is formed by vulcanization. Then the neck is connected to the body and a metal mandrel is installed on its outer surface, and special arches are installed between the neck and the outer surface of the regenerative body. In addition to all of the above, to achieve tightness, various sealants and windings from insulation tape, which can be made of various materials, are also used. The listed design features show how complex the design of the device is and how laborious the assembly of the apparatus is in its manufacture. All this leads to assembly complexity and increased material consumption, worsening the weight and size characteristics of the device. During operation, the parts of the insulating breathing apparatus are warmed up, while harmful substances are released from rubber and gluing sites in quantities exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations.

Thus, the main disadvantages are:

- insufficient packing density: the mass of the regenerative product per unit volume of the casing is small due to the need to make cavities in the casing - in the lower part for both options and in the upper for the circulation version;

- increased complexity of the design of the hull and its equipment with a regenerative product;

- the relatively high resistance of the cartridge when inhaling due to the need to clean the air from aerosols that enter the inhaled air from the regenerative product. The total resistance of the aerosol filter and heat exchanger nullifies the gain in resistance, which is achieved by creating cavities in the product.

Based on the set of common features, the device according to the USSR patent N 1419506 was selected as a prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design, increase the degree of development of the regenerative product and improve the conditions of use.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in an insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen containing a body with a regenerative product connected to the respiratory isolation unit with a connecting pipe installed in the breathing bag, and between the front part and the body there is a flow switch connected to the exhalation valve with the inlet the housing and the inspiratory valve with the cavity of the breathing bag, and a filtering device, the housing with a regenerative product made in the form of a shell made of polymer th film divided by the series connected chambers on opposite sides of which is fixed regenerative product.

The regenerative product is made in the form of corrugated plates of potassium superoxide with a reinforcing additive.

The regenerative product is mounted on the walls of the chambers with ribbons of polymer material.

Tapes of polymer material are connected to the walls of the chambers in the spaces between the regenerative product.

Tapes made of polymer material are attached to the shell of the respiratory bag.

The implementation of the housing in the form of a shell of a polymer film, divided into series-connected chambers, on the opposite walls of which a regenerative product is fixed, provides an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product due to more intensive washing of the plates of the regenerative product by the flow of regenerated air. Since the walls of the body with the regenerative product work similarly to bellows, approaching when inhaling and diverging when exhaling, intensive mixing of the regenerated air occurs, which improves the conditions for working out the regenerative plates. The use of a polymer film makes it possible to simplify the manufacture of parts of an insulating breathing apparatus due to the exclusion of stamping, gluing and the use of advanced technologies for welding film polymers, while simplifying the design. Due to a sharp decrease in the mass of the apparatus, an improvement in the conditions for its use is achieved.

The implementation of the regenerative product in the form of corrugated plates of potassium superoxide with a reinforcing additive provides simplification of the design due to turbulization of the flow when the air flow interacts with the corrugations, which eliminates the need for additional turbulators. At the same time, an increase in the degree of development of the regenerative product is achieved by mixing the exhaled air.

The fastening of the regenerative product on the walls of the chambers with tapes of polymer material provides a simplification of the design, since the need for elastic elements for compressing the product is eliminated. An increase in the degree of working out of the regenerative product is achieved due to more intensive washing of the plates of the regenerative product by the flow of regenerated air when the opposite walls of the casing move relative to each other 3. Since the walls of the casing with the regenerative product work similarly to bellows, approaching when inhaling and diverging when exhaling, intensive mixing of the regenerated air, which improves the working conditions of regenerative plates.

The connection of the tapes of polymer material with the walls of the chambers between the regenerative product provides a simplification of the design and provides better processing of the plates of the regenerative product by eliminating the leakage of part of the air through the large gap between the plates, not allowing to swell along the long side of the housing, as shown in Fig.7 .

The fastening of tapes of polymer material on the shell of the breathing bag provides improved conditions for use, since when the air is exhaled, the air bag inflates and the opposite sides of the body are stretched in opposite directions due to the tension of the belts, preventing the body from folding into an accordion.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a General view of an insulating breathing apparatus;

figure 2 is a section along aa of figure 1 of the body and the respiratory bag;

figure 3 - leader B figure 2, the initial position and position of the inspiration;

figure 4 - the same as in figure 3, the position of the exhale;

figure 5 is a cross-section along BB, figure 1, in the initial position and inspiration position;

Fig.6 is the same as in Fig.5, in the exhalation position with the shell shell stretched;

Fig.7 is the same as in Fig.6, the time of expiration with a free shell;

Fig - a General view of an insulating breathing apparatus, the organization of flows in the housing;

Fig.9 is a General view of an insulating breathing apparatus with a transverse arrangement of fastening tapes.

The isolating breathing apparatus contains a housing 3 connected to the respiratory isolation unit in the form of a cap 1 with a half mask 2 installed in it in the form of a bag of film material, divided into chambers with a regenerative product 4 and with a connecting pipe 5. Connecting pipe 5 is connected to the nozzle 6 of the switch flow, the exhalation valve 7 of which is connected to the inlet of the housing 3, and the inspiratory valve 8 is connected to the cavity of the breathing bag 9 in which the housing 3 is installed. The regenerative product 4 is made in the form of corrugated super potassium oxide with a reinforcing additive, it can also be made in the form of a flat mesh shell with granular filling of potassium superoxide (not shown). At the outlet of the housing 3, a filtering device 10 is installed, through which the housing 1 is connected to the cavity of the breathing bag 9. The filtering device 10 can be made of filter paper of the BMDf type, as well as in the form of a porous metal plate, for example, foam foam or foam nickel. The breathing bag 9 is equipped with an overpressure valve 11. The cap 1, the breathing bag 9 and the housing 3 are made of a polymer film, preferably of fluoroplastic, with a thickness of 50 μm, with the edges joined by ultrasonic welding. The casing 3 is made in the form of a shell of the specified polymer film, divided into successively connected chambers by welds 12. On the opposite walls of the chambers, regenerative product 4 is fastened with tapes 13 of the same material. Tapes 13 of polymer material are connected to the walls of the casing 3 in between the regenerative product 4. The ends of the tapes 13 are fixed along the edges of the breathing bag 9. For fastening the plates of the regenerative product 4 to the inner surface of the housing 3, tapes 13 are used, connected along the edges of the plates 4 with the body Som 3 by welding. Figure 9 shows a variant of the arrangement of tapes 13 transverse with respect to the air flow, in the remaining drawings, the longitudinal arrangement of tapes 13. Moreover, the type of fixing depends on the geometrical dimensions of the plates 4. In the gap between the plates of the regenerative product 4, the stops 14 are made in the case 3 ( see Fig. 9), and in the lower one there is a bypass cavity 15 pneumatically connecting the left group of cameras of the housing 3 to the right group of cameras, as shown in Fig. 8. Case 3 during storage is folded into a flat bag, folding with the breathing bag along the line of welds 12.

The proposed device operates as follows.

When assembling the casing, tapes 13 are welded onto the inner surfaces of the casing 3, after which plates from the regenerative product 4 are installed in the gaps between the tapes 13 and the casing 3, after which the lateral edges of the casing 3 are connected by ultrasonic welding. Then the components of the insulating breathing apparatus are assembled.

When the user breathes, exhaled air comes from the half mask 2 located in the cap 1 through the connecting pipe 5 to the fitting 6 of the flow switch. From the flow switch through the exhalation valve 7, exhaled air enters the housing 3, in which it passes through a gap limited by the plates of the regenerative product 4, and interacts with the plates 4 of the regenerative product. In this case, carbon dioxide is absorbed and the oxygen necessary for respiration is released. The purified air passes sequentially through chambers No. 1 to No. 6, as shown in Fig. 8, and exits through the filter device 10 into the cavity of the respiratory bag 9. The heat released during the operation of the plates 4 of the regenerative product is transferred to the air in the respiratory system through the walls of the housing 3 bag 9, from which it is scattered into the surrounding space. The excess air from the breathing bag is then discharged through the overpressure valve 11. When inhaling, the cleaned air from the breathing bag 9 through the inspiration valve 8 again enters the flow switch and through the nozzle 6 and the connecting pipe 5 enters through the half mask 2 to the user's breath.

Since the chambers of the casing 3 together with the plates of the regenerative product 4 and the filter device 10 exhale during exhalation, during breathing, the internal volume of the casing 3 changes, as shown in Figs. 5-7: when exhaling, it increases the internal volume, and when exhaling volume decreases. At the same time, along with the walls of the housing 3, the plates of the regenerative product 4 move due to its fastening on the walls with tapes 13. Passing, as shown in Fig. 8, above the groups of plates I, II, III, the cleaned air enters the bypass cavity 15 and then passes up above packages of plates IV, V, VI to the aerosol filter 10. The option with the transverse tapes 13 works in the same way, in this case the air passes from two sides, washing the stops 14.

The invention provides uniform testing of plates of the regenerative product, which allows to reduce the mass of the apparatus, reduce breathing resistance, reduce air temperature during inspiration and reduce the total consumption of the regenerative product, as well as simplify the design and increase the convenience of equipment.

Claims (5)

1. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bonded oxygen, comprising a body with a regenerative product connected to the respiratory system isolation unit installed in a breathing bag, a flow switch installed between the front and the body connected to the exhalation valve with the inlet of the body and the inspiration valve with the cavity of the breathing bag and a filtering device, characterized in that the housing with the regenerative product is made in the form of a shell of a polymer film, divided into series-connected cameras , on the opposite walls of which a regenerative product is fixed. 2. An insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerative product is made in the form of corrugated plates of potassium superoxide with a reinforcing additive. 3. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerative product is mounted on the walls of the chambers with tapes of polymer material. 4. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the tapes of polymer material are connected to the walls of the chambers in the spaces between the regenerative product. 5. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the tape of polymer material is fixed to the shell of the breathing bag.

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