RU2610572C2 - Self-contained breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal items.

SUBSTANCE: self-contained breathing apparatus on chemically bonded oxygen contains a breathing bag set in a cartridge with regenerative product and the intermediate chamber with a nozzle connected to a corrugated pipe with the respiratory system insulation unit, and with openings that connect the chamber to the cavity of the breathing bag. The intermediate chamber includes a dispenser device, and openings are fitted with locking in the form of inhalation valves.

EFFECT: invention provides ease of use due to breathing comfort and simpler design.

4 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to chemically bound oxygen isolating breathing apparatus for protecting respiratory organs in an emergency.

Known insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bonded oxygen with a reciprocating or circulating breathing process, comprising a housing with a regenerative product connected to the isolation unit of the respiratory system with a connecting pipe and a breathing bag. In this device, one or two cavities are made in the regenerative product, which reduce the resistance to breathing (USSR Patent No. 1419506 IPC АВВ 7/08, 1988).

However, this device is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- insufficient packing density: the mass of the regenerative product per unit volume of the housing is small due to the need to make cavities in the housing - in the lower part for both versions and in the upper one for the circulation version;

- the relatively high resistance of the cartridge during inspiration due to the need to clean the air from aerosols that enter the inhaled air from the regenerative product. The total resistance of the aerosol filter and heat exchanger nullifies the gain in resistance, which is achieved by creating cavities in the product;

- the conditions of use are unsatisfactory due to the inconvenience of wearing a device with a large mass and dimensions.

The greatest packing density and minimum dimensions when folded are achieved in an insulating breathing apparatus using chemically bound oxygen according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2320384, IPC АВВ 7/08, 2008. The apparatus contains a housing with a regenerative product with a regenerative product with a connecting pipe installed in breathing bag. A flow switch is installed between the front part and the casing, connected by an exhalation valve with the inlet of the casing and an inhalation valve with a cavity of the breathing bag and a filter device, the casing with a regenerative product made in the form of a shell made of a polymer film divided into series-connected chambers, on the opposite walls of which regenerative product. The regenerative product is made in the form of corrugated plates of potassium superoxide with a reinforcing additive. The regenerative product is mounted on the walls of the chambers with ribbons of polymer material. Tapes of polymer material are connected to the walls of the chambers in the spaces between the regenerative product. Tapes made of polymer material are attached to the shell of the respiratory bag.

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively high resistance to breathing and the inconvenience of bringing the device into operation due to the need to force the deployment of the package when bringing the device to its working position. Such devices cannot work in the pendulum mode due to the possible collapse of the breathing bag during inspiration.

Protective breathing apparatus according to UK patent No. 2234440, MKI A62B 7/08, 1991 is also known. The device contains a respiratory isolation unit in the form of a cap with a neck seal and a viewing window. The respiratory isolation unit (cap) is connected to the breathing bag by two channels, while a cartridge with a regenerative product, for example, potassium superoxide, and a refrigerator are connected to one channel. Inside the breathing bag is a fan driven by an electric motor powered by a battery. The fan delivers air from the breathing bag through the regenerative product cartridge and the refrigerator through the channel into the hood. From the cap, air flows through the second channel into the breathing bag. To optimize the operation of the apparatus and increase the comfort of breathing, the apparatus can be equipped with a starting device, inhalation and exhalation valves installed in the channels, as well as a second breathing bag, while the breathing pattern does not change.

Such a device is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- the air regenerated in the cartridge with the regenerative product is supplied through the refrigerator to the user's breath. The refrigerator creates additional resistance at the outlet of the cartridge, which requires an increase in the power of the electric drive and an increase in the capacity of the electric battery, which increases the mass of the battery and the electric fan several times;

- part of the exhaled air can be blown away by the stream of purified air into the cavity of the cap, which increases the concentration of carbon dioxide on inspiration;

- when performing a device with two or three bags connected by channels, the duration of dressing is complicated and the start-up of the device is complicated, which is inconvenient for an untrained user in case of an emergency.

The objective of the invention is to improve ease of use by ensuring comfortable breathing.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen containing a cartridge with a regenerative product installed in the breathing bag connected to the respiratory isolation unit, an intermediate chamber is installed between the respiratory isolation unit and the input of the regenerative product cartridge, with windows connecting a chamber with a cavity of the breathing bag, the windows are equipped with locking elements made in the form of inspiration valves.

The switchgear is made in the form of a plate of foamed metal with open pores.

The regenerative product is made in the form of a package of plates installed with a gap relative to each other.

The cartridge and the intermediate chamber are made in the form of shells of a polymer film.

The supply of windows with locking elements made in the form of inspiratory valves provides simplification of the design by eliminating the fan and the power supply to it. At the same time, the regenerative product in the device operates according to a mixed scheme: when exhaling, air enters from the respiratory isolation unit in the form of a mask through a corrugated tube and an intermediate chamber into the cartridge with plates of the regenerative product, in which it passes through the gaps between the plates of the regenerative product into the breathing bag. When inhaling, purified air through a corrugated tube enters the respiratory isolation unit for the user's inhalation, entering there from the breathing bag, passing through the windows of the intermediate chamber and through the cartridge. When the user breathes, the air flow changes direction when inhaling and exhaling, and when exhaling, all exhaled air enters the cartridge with the regenerative product, since the inspiration valves are closed at this moment. This ensures comfortable breathing, as it provides minimal resistance to breathing, and a decrease in temperature on inspiration.

The implementation of the distribution device in the form of a plate of foamed metal with open pores provides:

- uniform distribution of the flow of exhaled air throughout the living section of the cartridge;

- lowering the temperature of the gas-air mixture during inspiration due to heat recovery;

- performs the functions of the cartridge frame.

The use of a regenerative product in the form of a package of plates installed with a gap relative to each other, reduces the hydraulic resistance and eliminates overheating of the regenerative product. This eliminates the instability of the regenerative product due to the formation of melt.

The implementation of the cartridge in the form of a shell of a polymer film provides a reduction in the mass of the apparatus and the possibility of compact folding for storage.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 is a general view of an insulating breathing apparatus;

FIG. 2 - general view of the regenerative cartridge, front view;

FIG. 3 is the same as in FIG. 2, side view;

FIG. 4 is a view of an insulating breathing apparatus placed in a case;

FIG. 5 is a section along AA of FIG. 3, cross section of the intermediate chamber;

FIG. 6 is a section along BB of FIG. 5 rarefaction chambers;

FIG. 7 is a view along arrow B of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a cross-section along G-D of FIG. 6, section of a switchgear;

FIG. 9 is a section along DD of FIG. 7, section of the intermediate chamber (option);

FIG. 10 is a General view of the device with the direction of flow of the gas mixture.

The list of items indicated in the drawings:

1. breathing bag;

2. cartridge;

3. regenerative product plates;

4. intermediate chamber;

5. fitting;

6. corrugated tube;

7. Respiratory isolation unit;

8. window;

9. switchgear;

10. locking element;

11. starting device;

12. overpressure valve;

13. case housing;

14. case cover;

15. spring clip;

16. eyes.

The insulating breathing apparatus contains a 50 μm thick non-combustible polymer film of F-4 MB fluoroplastic, installed in a breathing bag 1, a regenerative cartridge 2 with a regenerative product in the form of plates 3 of potassium superoxide deposited on a substrate. The plates of the regenerative product 3 are installed with a gap relative to each other and placed in the regenerative cartridge in the form of a package. The upper part of the cartridge 2 is made in the form of an intermediate chamber 4 with a fitting 5 connected by a corrugated tube 6 to the isolation unit of the respiratory organs 7. The body of the cartridge 2 is made in the form of an intermediate chamber 4 connected to a shell made of a polymer film. The walls of the intermediate chamber 4 are provided with windows 8 connecting the intermediate chamber 4 with the cavity of the breathing bag 1. A distribution device 9 is installed in the intermediate chamber 4. The distribution device 9 is made in the form of an open-pore foamed metal plate, preferably of foam nickel or foam. Windows 8 are equipped with locking elements 10, made in the form of inspiration valves. Depending on the design of the locking elements 10, the windows 8 can be located on the side or on the upper wall of the intermediate chamber 4. A trigger device 11 is placed inside the breathing bag 1. An overpressure valve 12 is installed on the wall of the breathing bag 1.

The working part of the insulating breathing apparatus, including a cartridge 2 with plates of a regenerative product 3, a corrugated tube 6; a respiratory isolation unit (mask) 7 and a breathing bag 1 with a starting device 11 and an overpressure valve 12 are enclosed in a sealed terafol shell (not shown) and placed in a case containing a case of a case 13 with a cover of a case 14. The case of the case 13 is equipped with a bracket spring 15 for carrying the device on the belt and two eyes 16 for carrying the device on the shoulder strap (not shown).

The device operates as follows.

An isolating breathing apparatus is used when a dangerous situation arises when the air becomes unsuitable for breathing due to a decrease in oxygen content below an acceptable level, or due to the presence of toxic substances in the air.

To start the device in operation, the case body 13 is disconnected from the belt by removing the spring clip 15 or the shoulder belt fixed in the eyes 16. The working part containing the cartridge 2 with plates of the regenerative product 3, corrugated tube 6 is removed; a respiratory isolation unit (mask) 7 and a breathing bag 1 with a starting device 11 and an overpressure valve 12.

The respiratory organs isolation unit in the form of a mask 7 is put on the face of the user at the same time as the starting device 11 is launched. During the operation of the starting device 11, oxygen is released filling the breathing bag 1. The exhaled air enters the respiratory organs isolation unit in the form of a mask 7 through the corrugated tube 6 and the intermediate chamber 4 into the cartridge 2 with the plates of the regenerative product 3, in which it passes through the gaps between the plates of the regenerative product 3 into the breathing bag 1. When you inhale the purified air through the corrugated pipe the plug 6 enters the isolation unit of the respiratory organs 7 for the user's breath, entering there from the breathing bag 1, passing through the windows 8 of the intermediate chamber 4 and through the cartridge 2. When the exhaled air interacts with the plates of the regenerative product 3, carbon dioxide is absorbed and the necessary for breathing is released oxygen. The heat released during operation of the plates of the regenerative product 3 is transferred through the walls of the cartridge 2 to the air in the breathing bag 1. From the breathing bag 1, the heat is dissipated through the walls into the surrounding space. The excess gas mixture generated during the operation of the regenerative product is discharged through an overpressure valve 12. The invention provides a simplified design and comfortable breathing.

Claims (4)

1. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen, comprising a cartridge installed in the breathing bag with a regenerative product and an intermediate chamber with a fitting connected by a corrugated tube to the respiratory isolation unit and provided with windows connecting the chamber to the cavity of the breathing bag, characterized in that a distribution device is installed in the intermediate chamber, the windows are equipped with locking elements made in the form of inspiration valves. 2. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the switchgear is made in the form of a plate of foamed metal with open pores. 3. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerative product is made in the form of a package of plates installed with a gap relative to each other. 4. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge case is made in the form of an intermediate chamber connected to a shell made of a polymer film.

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