RU2604291C2 - Self-contained breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: self-contained breathing apparatus using chemically combined oxygen is designed for respiratory protection in emergency situation and comprises a body of film, in which there is placed a regenerative product in the form of reinforced plates. Body is made of separate sections, connected in parallel to the insulation join, and each section is additionally equipped with shutoff element installed on the inlet and outlet of each section. Shutoff element is made up of thermosetting film, produced by tensile deformation of film of ftoroplastic F-4 MB. Between the sections there is installed thermal insulation.

EFFECT: invention provides uniform working off of plates of the regenerative product, thereby reducing the weight of the device, reducing breathing resistance and increase usability of use of self-contained respiratory apparatus both in working position, and carrying.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to chemically bound oxygen isolating breathing apparatus for protecting respiratory organs in an emergency.

Known insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bonded oxygen with a reciprocating or circulating breathing process, comprising a housing with a regenerative product connected to the isolation unit of the respiratory system with a connecting pipe and a breathing bag. In this device, one or two cavities are made in the regenerative product, which reduce the resistance to breathing (USSR Patent No. 1419506, IPC АВВ 7/08, 1988).

However, this device is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- insufficient packing density: the mass of the regenerative product per unit volume of the housing is small due to the need to make cavities in the housing - in the lower part for both versions and in the upper one for the circulation version;

- the relatively high resistance of the cartridge during inspiration due to the need to clean the air from aerosols that enter the inhaled air from the regenerative product. The total resistance of the aerosol filter and heat exchanger nullifies the gain in resistance, which is achieved by creating cavities in the product;

- the conditions of use are unsatisfactory due to the inconvenience of wearing a device with a large mass and dimensions.

The highest packing density and minimum dimensions when folded are achieved in an insulating breathing apparatus using chemically bound oxygen according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2320384, IPC АВВ 7/08, 2008. The apparatus contains a body with a regenerative product connected to the respiratory system isolation unit, installed in a breathing bag. A flow switch is installed between the front part and the casing, connected by an exhalation valve with the inlet of the casing and an inhalation valve with a cavity of the breathing bag and a filtering device, the casing with a regenerative product made in the form of a shell made of a polymer film divided into series-connected chambers, on the opposite walls of which are fixed regenerative product. The regenerative product is made in the form of corrugated plates of potassium superoxide with a reinforcing additive. The regenerative product is mounted on the walls of the chambers with ribbons of polymer material. Tapes made of polymer material are connected to the walls of the chambers in the spaces between the regenerative product and are fixed to the shell of the respiratory bag.

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively high breathing resistance and insufficiently complete regenerative product in the final phase of the cartridge: the contact time of the cleaned air with the active plates does not reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide below acceptable.

The objective of the invention is to more fully develop the regenerative product, improve the conditions of use by reducing the resistance to breathing and lowering the temperature on inspiration.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the mass of the cartridge, simplifying the design and increasing reliability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that an insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bonded oxygen, comprising a housing in the form of a shell made of a polymer film and equipped with a regenerative product and placed in a breathing bag, the housing is made of separate sections connected in parallel with the isolation unit, and each section is additionally equipped with a locking element.

The locking element is installed at the entrance of each section.

The locking element is installed at the output of each section.

The locking element is made in the form of a collar of shrink film.

Shrink film was obtained by tensile deformation of a fluoroplastic film F - 4MB.

Between sections installed thermal insulation.

The section is enclosed in a heat-insulating shell.

The execution of the housing from separate sections connected in parallel with the isolation unit, and supplying each section with an additional locking element, provides a reduction in breathing resistance, a more complete development of the regenerative product and an increase in the reliability of work and the comfort of breathing.

The installation of a locking element at the inlet of each section ensures the successive inclusion of the cartridge sections by disconnecting the spent section from the circulation circuit when exhaling.

The installation of a locking element at the outlet of each section ensures a reduction in the parasitic volume of the cartridge by eliminating the supply of the gas-air mixture to the exhaust section upon exhalation and the release of the crude gas mixture into the breathing bag during inspiration.

The implementation of the locking element in the form of a collar of shrink film provides a simple and reliable way to disable sections of the cartridge after working.

Obtaining heat-shrink film by tensile deformation of a film of fluoroplastic F-4 MB provides the operation of heat-shrink film in an oxygen environment at temperatures up to 200 ° C.

Installation between sections of thermal insulation provides increased reliability by eliminating the supply of heat to the idle section.

The conclusion of the section in the insulating shell provides a decrease in temperature during inspiration due to the accumulation of heat in the spent section.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 is a general view of an insulating breathing apparatus;

FIG. 2 - general view of the section, side view;

FIG. 3 is the same as in FIG. 2, view along arrow A;

FIG. 4 is the same as in FIG. 2, view along arrow B;

FIG. 5 - callout I of FIG. one;

FIG. 6 is a view along arrow B of FIG. four;

FIG. 7 is a view of an insulating breathing apparatus placed in an airtight shell;

FIG. 8 is a view of an insulating breathing apparatus placed in a case.

The list of items indicated in the drawings:

1. node isolation of the respiratory system;

2. cap;

3. half mask;

4. corrugated tube;

5. valve box;

6. exhalation valve;

7. inspiratory valve;

8. air duct;

9. housing;

10. section;

11. regenerative product;

12. a shell of a polymer film;

13. breathing bag;

14. locking element;

15. section entry;

16. section output;

17. clamp;

18. cover;

19. ring;

20. slot;

21. tape;

22. brace;

23. thermal insulation;

24. heat-insulating shell;

25. overpressure valve;

26. case housing;

27. case cover;

28. eye;

29. spring clip;

30. a shell of terafol;

31. weld;

32. cutout.

The chemically bound oxygen insulating breathing apparatus contains a respiratory isolation unit 1 in the form of a cap 2 and a half mask 3 connected by a corrugated tube 4 to a valve box 5, which contains an exhalation valve 6 and an inspiratory valve 7. The valve box 5 on the side of the exhalation valve 6 is connected by an air duct 8 with the components of the housing 9, made in the form of sections 10, each of which is equipped with a regenerative product 11, made in the form of plates with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm from potassium superoxide with a reinforcing additive. Sections 10 are made in the form of a sheath 12 of an F4-MB fluoroplastic film with a thickness of 50 μm and are placed in a breathing bag 13. Each section 10 is additionally equipped with locking elements 14 installed at the inlet 15 and at the output 16 of each section 10. The locking element 14 may preferably be made in the form of a clamp 17 of a shrink film obtained by tensile deformation of a film of ftoroplast F - 4 MB. At the inlet 15, a cover 18 is installed, to which a pipe of the duct 8 is attached, fixed by a ring 19 made of an elastic polymer material. At the exit of section 10, the plates of the regenerative product 11 are fixed by strips 21 made through fluoroplastic films passing through the slots 20, the ends of which are fixed with metal brackets 22. To eliminate the thermal effects of the working section 10 on the adjacent ones, the thermal insulation 23 installed between them in the form of plates of porous polymeric material , or in the form of a heat-insulating shell 24, covering section 10. The respiratory bag 13 is equipped with an overpressure valve 25 and a trigger 26. Isolating respiratory The first device is placed in a hard shell (case) made in the form of a case body 27 and a case cover 28. On the case body 27, eyelets 29 are fastened to be worn on a shoulder strap (not shown) and a spring clip 30 for carrying the apparatus on a waist belt. To ensure long-term storage of the device in the case, its working part, before being placed in the case, is enclosed in a sealed shell of terafol 31 (aluminum foil with lavsan and polyethylene coating), which is sealed with a weld 32 equipped with cut-outs of a wedge-shaped shape 33.

The proposed device operates as follows.

An isolating breathing apparatus is used in case of a dangerous situation when the air becomes unsuitable for breathing due to a decrease in the oxygen content below an acceptable level or due to the presence of toxic substances in the air.

The device is carried by the user in the danger zone either fixed by a spring clip 30 on the waist belt or on the shoulder belt threaded into the eyes 29. In this case, the body 9 in the form of sections 10 and the regenerative product 11 are in a compressed state, as shown in FIG. 8. To bring the insulating breathing apparatus into working position, the cover of the case 28 is opened and the working part of the device, enclosed in a sealed shell from terafol 31, is removed from the case of the case 27. The shell 31 is torn along the cutout 33 on the weld 32 and the working part of the device is removed, after which the launch device 26 is launched, which provides about 4 liters of gaseous oxygen to the breathing bag 13. At the same time as the breathing bag 13 is filled with oxygen, the cap 2 is put on the head by zovatelya so that the half mask 3 fits snugly against the mouth and nose. The tightness is adjusted with special tapes (not shown).

During breathing, the exhaled air enters from the half mask 3 through the corrugated tube 4 into the valve box 5, from which through the exhalation valve 6, the duct 8 and the holes in the covers 18 pass to the inlets 15 of the sections 10, in which the exhaled air passes through the gaps between the plates of the regenerative product 11 and through the outlet of section 16 enters the breathing bag 13. The tightness of the connection of the duct 8 with the cover 18 is provided by an elastic ring 19. At the initial moment of operation, most of the exhaled air passes through the upper section due to the smallest resistance. When interacting with the plates of the regenerative product 11, carbon dioxide is absorbed and the oxygen necessary for respiration is released. The heat released during the operation of the plates of the regenerative product 11 is transferred through the shell of the polymer film 12 to the air in the breathing bag 13, from which it is scattered into the surrounding space. The excess air from the breathing bag is then discharged through the overpressure valve 25. When inhaling, the cleaned air from the breathing bag 13 passes through the inspiration valve 7 of the valve box 5 into the half mask 3 through the corrugated tube 4 to the user's breath. During the operation of sections 10, the plates of the regenerative product 11 are fixed in the shell of the polymer film 12 with a cover 18 on the inlet side and tapes 21 passed through the slots 20 and fixed by brackets 22 on the outlet side.

As mentioned above, initially the exhaled air flow passes through the upper section 10. In this case, the upper section 10 is predominantly heated. Simultaneously with the development of the plates of the regenerative product 11, its mechanical properties decrease and the input and output clamps 17 are heated, leading to their relaxation. Due to the compression of the clamps, the shell of the polymer film and the plates of the regenerative product 11 is deformed, as shown in the left half of the drawing of FIG. 2 and FIG. 5. In this case, the gap between the plates of the regenerative product decreases, which leads to a decrease in flow rate through the first section 10 and, accordingly, to an increase in flow rate through the second. This ensures an increase in flow through subsequent sections during the operation of the apparatus.

To eliminate the premature operation of the clamps 17 is the thermal insulation 23 or thermal insulation shell 24.

The invention provides uniform testing of the plates of the regenerative product, which allows to reduce the weight of the apparatus, reduce breathing resistance and improve the usability of the insulating breathing apparatus.

Claims (7)

1. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen, comprising a body in the form of a shell of a polymer film connected to a respiratory isolation unit and placed in a breathing bag, characterized in that the body is made of separate sections connected in parallel with the isolation unit, and each section is additionally equipped with a locking element. 2. An insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking element is installed at the entrance of each section. 3. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking element is installed at the outlet of each section. 4. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the closure element is made in the form of a shrink sleeve of heat-shrink film. 5. An insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the shrink film is obtained by tensile deformation of a F-4 MB fluoroplastic film. 6. An insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that thermal insulation is installed between the sections. 7. An insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the section is enclosed in a heat-insulating shell.

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