RU206100U1 - REGENERATIVE RESPIRATORY CARTRIDGE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to respiratory protection devices, in particular to self-contained self-rescuers with chemically bound oxygen, which are used in the mining, chemical and other industries for emergency short-term respiratory protection in emergency situations associated with the formation of an environment unsuitable for breathing. Regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus, including a body, the ends of which are covered with a lid and a bottom, inhalation-exhalation and breathing bag branch pipes, a perforated shell installed in the body with the formation of an oval channel in cross section relative to the side wall of the body and equipped with a perforated central tube, a heat and gas distributor, placed in the volume of the regenerative product placed in the perforated shell and made in the form of plates radially fixed on the perforated central shell located on the outer side of the perforated central tube, filter, regenerative product compression spring, starting briquette, starting device. According to the utility model, the plates of the heat and gas distributor are made perforated, the filter is installed on a perforated central tube connected to the inhalation-exhalation branch pipe and equipped with a plug at the bottom end, perforation on the walls of the perforated shell is made on the surface curved along an arc, the regenerative product compression spring is installed between the housing cover and the starting a briquette of the starting device, between the starting briquette and the regenerative product, a mesh and a gasket are sequentially installed, the starting device is installed on the housing cover, while its vertical axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concentric groove made on the upper end of the starting briquette. The technical result consists in increasing the time of protective action and reducing the weight and size characteristics. 2 c.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The utility model belongs to respiratory protection devices, in particular to self-contained self-rescuers with chemically bound oxygen, which are used in the mining, chemical and other industries for emergency short-term respiratory protection in emergency situations associated with the formation of an environment unsuitable for breathing.

As a rule, a self-rescuer includes a sealed case with means for wearing (belts, buckles, etc.), a regenerative cartridge, a filter element for cleaning the gas-air mixture from aerosols, a starting device that provides oxygen at the initial moment after the user is switched on to the self-rescuer, an organ isolation unit human breathing, which in most cases is made in the form of a corrugated hose connected to a regenerative cartridge and to a face mask or mouthpiece, an elastic breathing bag that serves as a container for the gas-air mixture and the released oxygen and provides inhalation and exhalation of the user in a closed breathing circuit “user's lungs - self-rescuer ". In the regenerative cartridge, in most cases, there is a perforated shell filled with a substance with chemically bound oxygen (regenerative product), which ensures the regeneration of the gas-air mixture, and means for lowering the temperature of the regenerative product and the gas-air mixture.

This scheme is well known and is the basis of many patented self-rescuers.

Known self-rescuers, in which the means for controlling the movement of the gas-air mixture are made in the form of valve devices. An example of such solutions is a self-contained breathing apparatus for chemically bound oxygen, known from the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2333777, IPC А62В 7/08, filing date 09/05/2006.

The self-contained breathing apparatus contains a regenerative cartridge housed in a housing. A starting device is installed on the top cover of the cartridge, and inhalation and exhalation pipes are made, on which a breathing bag and a unit for isolating human respiratory organs are mounted. The respiratory isolation unit is made with a valve box, in which the inhalation valve, the exhalation valve and the overpressure valve in the breathing bag are mounted. The inhalation valve connects the isolation unit of the human respiratory system to the breathing bag, the exhalation valve connects to the regenerative cartridge.

When the trigger is turned on, the user is provided with oxygen for breathing in the initial period. During the exhalation phase, the gas-air mixture from the front part of the isolation unit of the human respiratory organs enters the cavity of the valve box, then through the exhalation valve into the regenerative cartridge, from where the gas-air mixture purified from carbon dioxide and enriched with oxygen is supplied to the breathing bag. During the inhalation phase, the gas-air mixture from the breathing bag through the inhalation valve enters the cavity of the valve box and further along the corrugated tube of the respiratory isolation unit to the face for breathing.

Implementation of the means for controlling the movement of the gas-air mixture in the form of valve devices complicates the design of the isolating breathing apparatus and reduces its reliability.

Known self-rescuers, in which the flow pattern of the gas-air mixture is provided by the design features of the regenerative cartridge and its connections with the isolation unit of the human respiratory system and the breathing bag without the use of valve devices. The devices have a simple design (there are no moving elements - inhalation and exhalation valves) and increased reliability. In such devices, the so-called "pendulum" scheme of movement of the gas-air mixture has found widespread use, in which in one cycle "inhale-exhale" the gas-air mixture passes twice through the layer of the regenerative product, which increases the degree of regeneration of the gas-air mixture with the same weight and size characteristics of the self-rescuer. The exhaled gas-air mixture enters the regenerative product, where carbon dioxide is absorbed and the gas-air mixture is enriched with oxygen. The purified gas-air mixture enters the breathing bag. When inhaling, the gas-air mixture from the breathing bag passes in the opposite direction through the regenerative product, where it is additionally cleared of carbon dioxide, enriched with oxygen and supplied to the respiratory system.

An example of a regenerative cartridge with a "pendulum" pattern of movement of a gas-air mixture without the use of valve devices of the type of a valve box is a regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus, known from the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2205670, IPC А62В 7/08 А62В 19/02, filing date 06.06.2002 ...

The regenerative cartridge includes a sealed housing, a perforated shell filled with a regenerative product and installed in the housing with a gap relative to the walls of the housing, means for compressing the regenerative product during operation of the apparatus, a filter for cleaning the gas-air mixture from aerosols, a starting device that provides the user with oxygen during the initial period of connection to breathing apparatus, respiratory isolation unit, breathing bag.

The body has an oval shape in cross-section and is made with a lid, on which the inhalation-exhalation branch pipe is fixed for attaching the respiratory isolation unit and the trigger mechanism of the starting device. The lower part of the body is covered with a bottom with a central opening communicating with the cavity of the breathing bag.

The perforated shell has an oval shape, concentric to the shape of the body. The upper end of the perforated shell is covered, and the lower end of the shell is made with a central hole. At the bottom end of the perforated shell, a perforated central tube is fixed coaxially with its central hole. On the perforated central pipe, perforated lower and upper radial inserts are installed in pairs, which are made of an elastic material and form closed cavities with the central pipe. The outer perimeter of the perforated inserts is concentric with the perforated shell. The lower radial insert is installed on the pipe with a gap, the size of which is chosen less than the size of the grains of the regenerative product. The upper insert is fixed to the perforated pipe. The lower and upper inserts are interconnected along the outer edge. The presence of these inserts and the form of their execution provide the necessary compression of the regenerative product. The compression of the regenerative product is carried out by perforated inserts, which work in a similar way to Belleville springs. Perforated inserts, according to the applicant, also provide a decrease in resistance to the flow of the gas-air mixture, uniformity of working out the mass of the regenerative product, and a decrease in the temperature of the gas-air mixture after regeneration due to participation in the regeneration process of the entire volume of the regenerative product, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the gas-air mixture due to the heat capacity of the regenerative product. ...

The filter is made in the form of a tape made of filtering material, tightly covering the perforated shell from the outside.

The launching device consists of a launching briquette located in a perforated shell and a launching mechanism attached to the housing cover.

The breathing bag is sealed to the bottom of the body. The cavity of the breathing bag communicates with the cavity of the central perforated tube through the central opening in the bottom of the body.

The general features of the analogue and the proposed solution are: a regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus, including a sealed housing, a perforated shell installed in the housing with a gap relative to the walls of the housing and made with a perforated channel along the longitudinal axis of the shell, an inhalation-exhalation pipe, a breathing bag pipe, a regenerative product , poured into the cavity of the perforated shell, means for lowering the temperature of the gas-air mixture, placed in the volume of the regenerative product, means for compressing the regenerative product during the operation of the cartridge.

In the process of regeneration of the gas-air mixture, exothermic reactions occur in the regenerative product with the release of a large amount of heat. As a result, local zones with a high temperature appear in the volume of the regenerative product, in which melting of the components of the regenerative product is possible. The appearance of such zones worsens the gas dynamics of the passage of gases through the volume of the regenerative product, reduces the degree of working out of the regenerative product, increases the breathing resistance and the temperature of the gas-air mixture.

Perforated elastic radial inserts, which are fixed in pairs on the perforated central tube with the formation of closed cavities, provide compression of the regenerative product and only partially improve the dynamics of the regeneration process of the gas-air mixture. That is, these radial inserts do not solve the problem of uniform temperature distribution in the volume of the regenerative product, preventing the occurrence of local high-temperature zones and removing excess heat outside the cartridge.

To evenly distribute the temperature in the volume of the regenerative product, prevent local zones with high temperatures and remove excess heat beyond the boundaries of the cartridge, heat and gas distributors are used, which are placed in the volume of the regenerative product.

As a prototype, a regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus was chosen according to the RF patent for a useful model No. 133742, IPC А62В 7/00, the filing date was 01/07/2013.

The regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus includes a cylindrical body, the ends of which are covered with a lid and a bottom, inhalation-exhalation and breathing bag branch pipes, a perforated shell installed in the housing with an annular gap relative to the side wall of the housing and made with a cover overlapping one end of the shell, and with a perforated a channel made along the longitudinal axis of the shell and blocked from the side of the bottom of the body, a regenerative product poured into the cavity of the perforated shell, a heat and gas distributor located in the volume of the regenerative product and made in the form of plates radially installed between the perforated shell and the perforated channel, a compression spring for the regenerative product, located between the housing cover and the cover of the perforated shell, the perforated channel is closed with a tampon made of a gas-permeable material, crushed under the action of mechanical forces, and installed with the possibility of abutting in the bottom of the housing sa.

The disadvantages of the known device are

false design and increased material consumption due to the presence of a membrane in the upper part of the perforated shell;

the complexity of the assembly associated with a large volume of resistance welding;

the use of insufficiently reliable elements, so the tightness of the overlap with a tampon made of a gas-tight material of the perforated channel after assembly of the cartridge is impossible to check, and it is possible to ascertain the leakage of this unit only by detecting a decrease in the time of the protective action during the use of the product;

the eccentric arrangement of the spring does not ensure the movement of the mesh body with the regenerative product when the volume of the regenerative product changes under the action of the spring, since even with minor deformations of the outer body (which are inevitable with constant wearing of the self-rescuer), the mesh body will jam;

the known patent does not indicate the location of the launching device (it is mentioned in the text, but is not shown in the drawing). Analysis of the graphic materials shows that when the launch device is installed on the top cover of the cartridge, all generated oxygen will enter the breathing bag, which will make it difficult for the user to breathe when starting the self-rescuer;

problematic is the alignment of the breathing bag branch pipe with the mesh body branch pipe, as well as working out the sealing of this connection.

It should also be noted that the connection of the inhalation-exhalation branch pipe with the cavity formed by the cover of the perforated shell and the membrane increases the volume of the mixture inhaled by the user, shortening the duration of the protective action.

The task of the utility model is to reduce the gas-dynamic resistance, improve the quality of air purification, decrease the air temperature after regeneration, and increase the degree of utilization of the regenerative product resource.

The technical result consists in increasing the time of protective action and reducing the weight and size characteristics.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a regenerative cartridge of an isolating breathing apparatus, including a body, the ends of which are covered with a lid and a bottom, inhalation-exhalation and breathing bag pipes, a perforated shell installed in the body with the formation of an oval-shaped channel in cross-section relative to the side wall of the body, a heat and gas distributor located in the volume of a regenerative product placed in a perforated shell and made in the form of plates radially fixed on a perforated central shell located on the outside of the perforated central tube, a filter, a regenerative product compression spring, a starting briquette, a starting device, according to the utility model, the filter is installed on a perforated central tube connected to the inhalation-exhalation branch pipe and equipped with a plug at the lower end, perforation on the walls of the perforated shell is made on a surface curved along an arc, a compression spring for regenerative air kta is installed between the casing cover and the starting briquette of the starting device, between the starting briquette and the regenerative product a mesh and a gasket are sequentially installed, the starting device is installed on the housing cover, while its vertical axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concentric groove made on the upper end of the starting briquette.

Perforation on the walls of the perforated shell is made in the form of chipped holes.

Perforated central shell is fixed to the bottom of the perforated shell

These features are essential features of a utility model.

The essential features of a utility model are in a causal relationship with the achieved result.

Installation of the filter on a perforated central tube connected to the inhalation-exhalation branch pipe and equipped with a plug at the lower end provides an improvement in the design while simplifying the assembly technology of the regenerative cartridge by eliminating the harmful volume that is not involved in the regeneration of exhaled air, which provides an increase in the protective time. action and decrease in weight and size characteristics of the regenerative cartridge and the self-rescuer as a whole.

Perforation on the walls of the perforated shell on a surface curved along an arc and giving the cartridge body an oval shape provides the latter with greater ergonomics than that of a cylindrical cartridge. This ensures the development of the regenerative product over the entire cross-sectional area of the cartridge, which provides an increase in the time of its protective action.

The installation of a compression spring of the regenerative product between the housing cover and the starting briquette of the starting device fixed on the housing cover, the installation between the starting briquette and the regenerative product successively of the mesh and gaskets provide a decrease in the weight and size characteristics of the regenerative cartridge by eliminating metal parts that form a chamber with a filter in the prototype.

Installation of the starting device on the housing cover, while its vertical axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concentric groove made on the upper end of the starting briquette, provides the starting briquette (due to the passage of hot generated oxygen through the groove) with the simultaneous supply of generated oxygen to the user and for filling the breathing bag, which provides an increase in the time of protective action.

Execution of perforations on the walls of the perforated shell in the form of chipped holes provides greater heat removal from the regenerative product and a decrease in the mass characteristics of the regenerative cartridge.

Fixing the perforated central shell of the heat and gas distributor on the bottom of the perforated shell simplifies the assembly of the cartridge and increases the reliability of the structure.

The design of the regenerative cartridge described above provides an improvement in the conditions for heat and mass transfer in the regenerative product, an increase in the degree of its use and a decrease in gas-dynamic resistance to breathing.

According to the information available to the applicant, the set of essential features of the claimed utility model is unknown from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed object meets the "novelty" criterion.

The set of essential features characterizing the essence of the utility model can be repeatedly used in the production of various modifications of self-rescuers with obtaining a technical result consisting in increasing efficiency and reliability, which allows us to conclude that the claimed object meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The utility model is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the self-rescuer;

FIG. 2 shows the design of the regenerative cartridge, front view (the movement of the gas-air mixture enriched with carbon dioxide is shown by black arrows, the movement of the gas-air mixture partially purified from carbon dioxide is shown by gray arrows, the movement of the gas-air mixture purified from carbon dioxide and enriched with oxygen is shown by white arrows);

FIG. 3 shows the structure of the regenerative cartridge, top view;

FIG. 4 shows a section along a-A of FIG. 2, the location of the plates of the perforated and perforated central shell of the heat and gas distributor;

FIG. 5 shows the connection of the body to the bottom of the body;

FIG. 6 shows the structure of the perforated center tube;

FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a perforated shell;

FIG. 8 shows a perforated shell, view along arrow B;

FIG. 9 shows a section of a perforated shell in the form of a chopped mesh, view along arrow B.

List of items indicated on the drawings:

1.regenerative cartridge;

2. case;

3. cover;

4. the bottom of the case;

5. branch pipe of inhalation-exhalation;

6. breathing bag connection;

7. perforated shell;

8. perforated center tube;

9. heat and gas distributor;

10. regenerative product;

11. the plate is perforated;

12. perforated central shell;

13.spring;

14. filter;

15. plug;

16.perforation;

17. launch briquette;

18. starting device;

19. mesh;

20. gasket;

21. concentric groove;

22. plank;

23. the bottom of the perforated shell;

24. bushing;

25. technological plug;

26. corrugated tube;

27. heat exchanger;

28. knot of isolation of respiratory organs;

29. breathing bag;

30. overpressure valve.

The regenerative cartridge 1 of the isolating breathing apparatus contains a housing 2, the ends of which are covered with a cover 3 and a bottom 4. The cover 3 is equipped with an inhalation-exhalation pipe 5 and a breathing bag pipe 6. Inside the body 2, a perforated shell 7 is installed with the formation of an oval-shaped channel relative to the side wall of the body 2 in cross section, and a perforated central tube 8 is installed, connected to the inhalation-exhalation branch 5. Inside the perforated shell 7, a heat and gas distributor 9 is installed and a regenerative product 10 is placed, which is granules containing potassium superperoxide. The heat and gas distributor 9 is made in the form of perforated plates 11, radially fixed on the perforated central shell 12, located on the outer side of the perforated central tube 8. Directly under the cover 3, there is a spring 13 designed to compress the regenerative product 10. A filter 14 is installed on the perforated central tube 8, made in the form of a tape of glass-paper brand BMD-F TU 6-48-93-92, wound on the filter body (not shown), connected at the ends with silicate glue. A plug 15 is installed on the lower part of the perforated central tube 8. On the walls of the perforated shell 7, a perforation 16 is made on the arcuate surface, as shown in FIG. 8 and 9. The spring 13 of compression of the regenerative product 10 is installed between the cover 3 of the housing 2 and the starting briquette 17 of the starting device 18. The starting briquette 17 is placed inside the perforated shell 7, in its upper part, above the regenerative product 10. Between the starting briquette 17 and the regenerative product 10, a grid 19 and a gasket 20 are installed in series. The starting device 18 is installed on the cover 3, while its vertical axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concentric groove 21 on the upper end of the starting briquette 17. Perforation 16 on the walls of the perforated shell 7 is made in the form of chipped holes, as shown in fig. 9. The starting briquette 17 is fixed inside the perforated shell 7 with strips 22 by bending them to the surface of the starting briquette 17. The perforated central shell 12 of the heat and gas distributor 9 is fixed on the bottom 23 of the perforated shell 7 through the sleeve 24. After assembling the regenerative cartridge 1 onto the inhalation-exhalation nozzle 5 and the breathing bag branch pipe 6 is equipped with technological plugs 25. When assembling the regenerative cartridge, instead of the technological plug 25, a corrugated tube 26 is installed on the inhalation-exhalation branch pipe 5, connected through a heat exchanger 27 to the respiratory organ isolation unit 28. FIG. 1 shows the unit of isolation of the respiratory organs 28 in the form of a mouthpiece and a nose clip, depending on the purpose of the apparatus, masks or half masks (not shown) can also be used. When assembling the breathing apparatus, the technological plug 25 is removed, and the branch pipe of the breathing bag 6 is connected to the breathing bag 29 with an overpressure valve 30 of the tension action.

Regenerative cartridge as part of an isolating breathing apparatus works as follows.

In the event of an emergency, the user activates the starting device 18, which initiates the starting of the starting briquette 17, which releases oxygen for the initial provision of breathing for the user, until, under the influence of carbon dioxide and water vapor exhaled by the user, reactions of carbon dioxide absorption begin in the regenerative product 10 and oxygen evolution.

During exhalation, the gas-air mixture with a high content of carbon dioxide from the respiratory isolation unit passes through the heat exchanger 27, the corrugated tube 26, the inhalation-exhalation pipe 5, the perforated central tube 8 and the filter 14, the perforated central shell 12, the heat and gas distributor 9, the regenerative product 10, perforation 16 of the perforated shell 7 is directed into an oval-shaped channel between it and the body 2, from which it flows through the nozzle 6 into the breathing bag 29. Passing through the layer of the regenerative product 10, the exhaled air participates in the reaction of absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen. The perforated plates 1 1 of the heat and gas distributor 9 contribute to the uniform distribution of heat in the volume of the regenerative product 10, prevent the occurrence of local high-temperature zones, transfer heat to the perforated shell 7 and further into the environment. Part of the gas-air mixture enters deep into the volume of the regenerative product 10 along the perforated plates 11, which improves the gas dynamics of the regeneration process of the gas-air mixture.

During inhalation, the gas-air mixture, in which the regeneration reactions have already partially passed when it passes through the regenerative product 10, comes from the breathing bag in the opposite direction, that is, in the direction of the branch pipe 6 - an oval-shaped channel between the perforated shell 7 and further in the reverse order described above. In this case, the gas-air mixture, passing again through the regenerative product 10, is additionally subjected to regeneration. Passing through the filter 14, the gas-air mixture is cleaned of alkaline aerosols, and in the heat exchanger 27 it is cooled to a temperature comfortable for breathing.

The structural features of the claimed regenerative cartridge provide an increase in the time of the protective action of the isolating breathing apparatus, the degree of utilization of the resource of the regenerative product for the absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen, and the improvement of the user's breathing comfort.

Claims (3)

1. Regenerative cartridge of a self-contained breathing apparatus, including a body, the ends of which are covered with a lid and a bottom, inhalation-exhalation and breathing bag branch pipes, a perforated shell installed in the body to form an oval-shaped channel in cross-section relative to the side wall of the body and equipped with a perforated central tube, a heat and gas distributor located in the volume of a regenerative product placed in a perforated shell and made in the form of plates radially fixed on a perforated central shell located on the outside of the perforated central tube, a filter, a regenerative product compression spring, a starting briquette, a starting device characterized in that the plates the heat and gas distributor are made perforated, the filter is installed on a perforated central tube connected to the inhalation-exhalation branch pipe and equipped with a plug at the bottom end, the perforation on the walls of the perforated shell is made on the iso curved surface, the compression spring of the regenerative product is installed between the housing cover and the starting briquette of the starting device, a mesh and a gasket are sequentially installed between the starting briquette and the regenerative product, the starting device is installed on the housing cover, while its vertical axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concentric groove made on the upper end of the launching briquette. 2. Regenerative cartridge according to claim. 1, characterized in that the perforation on the walls of the perforated shell is made in the form of chipped holes. 3. Regenerative cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated central shell is attached to the bottom of the perforated shell.

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