RU2483767C1 - Regenerative cartridge of isolating breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: salvage appliances.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to isolating breathing apparatuses on chemically bound oxygen. The regenerative cartridge of the isolating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen comprises a start-up briquette, a regenerative product. The start-up briquette is installed at the inlet of the cartridge and is made in the form of a multi-channel heat resistant unit. The regenerative product in the form of a layer of a grained regenerative product and in the form of multi-channel units from potassium superoxide. The cartridge is serially filled with a regenerative product from potassium superoxide in the form of multi-channel units, which adjoin the start-up briquette and grained regenerative product from potassium superoxide. Arrangement of channels in the start-up briquette corresponds to arrangement of channels in multi-channel blocks.

EFFECT: invention provides for comfort of breathing, higher extent of regenerative product use and higher reliability of cartridge operation under lower temperatures.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to chemically bound oxygen insulating breathing apparatus.

Known regenerative cartridge insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen (US Patent No. 4212846, NKI 422-122, 1980). The cartridge contains a housing, inside which a regenerative product is placed, between two grids: a support grid at the top of the cartridge and a compression grid at the bottom of the cartridge, which is preloaded by springs. There is an air tube inside the cartridge. The filter is fixed between two wire mesh. To seal the filter with the surfaces of the cartridge and tube mesh equipped with flanges.

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and increased material consumption. In addition, the launch of such a cartridge at low temperatures is difficult due to heat dissipation on the surface of the nets.

Also known is an insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bonded oxygen with a reciprocating or circulating breathing process, the cartridge of which contains a housing with a regenerative product, a heat exchanger mounted on the upper side of the cartridge and a filtering device. (USSR Patent No. 1419506 IPC A62B 2/08).

However, in this device, the packing density is insufficient - the mass of the regenerative product per unit volume of the cartridge is small due to the need to make cavities in the cartridge - in the lower part for both options and in the upper one for the circulation version. In addition, due to the short duration of contact of the cleaned air with the regenerative product, the full working out of the regenerative product under heavy loads is not achieved.

Also known adopted as a prototype cartridge insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen according to US Pat. RF №1677893, IPC A62B 7/08, 1997, containing a starting briquette and a regenerative product, the cartridge being sequentially filled with a starting briquette in the form of a multi-channel heat-resistant block, a layer of granular regenerative product based on sodium superoxide up to 30% of the volume and the rest of the volume is filled with a regenerative product in in the form of multi-channel blocks of potassium superoxide.

This cartridge is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- the location of the layer of granular regenerative product from sodium superoxide directly on the exhale leads to the formation of a melt of the product and, as a consequence, uneven oxygen evolution;

- a granular product in contact with water vapor of exhaled air is able to float away, i.e. covered with a foamy film, which leads to an increase in breathing resistance, creating uncomfortable conditions, and leads to a deterioration of the product;

- the conclusion of the starting briquette and granular regenerative product in metal mesh shells, designed to prevent ingress of the granular product into the channels of the starting briquette, determine the insufficient efficiency of heat transfer from the starting briquette to the layer of the granular regenerative product, which reduces the efficiency of the cartridge at low temperatures;

- as follows from the description of the invention, the location on the inhalation of the granular product required the installation of dust filters before and after it, creating additional resistance to breathing;

- the heat release of the selected granular regenerative product from sodium superoxide when interacting with carbon dioxide and water vapor exceeds the heat release of the same weight amount of potassium superoxide, which requires additional heat removal to ensure breathing comfort.

The technical result of the invention is to ensure comfortable breathing, increasing the degree of development of the regenerative product and increasing the reliability of the work.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the regenerative cartridge of an insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen, containing a starting briquette in the form of a multi-channel heat-resistant block, and a regenerative product in the form of a layer of granular regenerative product and in the form of multi-channel blocks of potassium superoxide, the cartridge is sequentially filled with regenerative potassium superoxide product in the form of multichannel blocks adjacent to the starting briquette, and a granular regenerative product of superperoxide to aliya, moreover, the arrangement of channels in the starting briquette corresponds to the arrangement of channels in multichannel blocks.

At the entrance to the cartridge there is a foam metal plate with a hole under the starter.

The sequential filling of the cartridge with a regenerative product of potassium superoxide in the form of multichannel blocks adjacent to the starting briquette and a granular regenerative product of potassium superoxide, and the arrangement of the channels in the starting briquette corresponds to the location of the channels in the multichannel blocks, provides:

- minimal resistance to breathing, which ensures comfortable breathing;

- minimum thermal resistance at the boundary between the regenerative product and the starting briquette, which provides increased reliability, especially when working at low temperatures;

- preliminary drying of the air flow entering the granular regenerative product for cleaning, which ensures breathing comfort by preventing the regenerative product from swimming or the formation of melt, which increases breathing resistance, and increasing the degree of regenerative product working out and increasing the reliability of work due to the uniformity of oxygen evolution.

Installation at the entrance to the cartridge of a foam metal plate with an opening under the starting device provides:

- alignment of the flow rate of exhaled air throughout the living section of the channels of the starting briquette and blocks of the regenerative product, which helps to increase the degree of development of the regenerative product;

- comfortable breathing due to the regenerative cooling of the inhaled air and its purification from alkaline aerosols.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - regenerative cartridge in the context;

figure 2 is a top view of the cartridge, a view along arrow A of figure 3;

figure 3 is a bottom view of the cartridge, view along arrow B of figure 3;

4 is a plate of foam metal;

5 is a starting briquette, side view;

6 is a block regenerative product, side view;

Fig.7 is a top view of the starting briquette and block regenerative product.

The list of items indicated in the drawings:

1 - cartridge case;

2 - upper cartridge cover

3 - pipe inhalation-exhalation;

4 - socket of the starting device;

5 - starting device;

6 - bottom cover of the cartridge;

7 - a branch pipe of a respiratory bag;

8 - foam metal plate;

9 - hole in the plate;

10 - starting briquette;

11 - multi-channel regenerative unit;

12 - separation grid;

13 - grain regenerative product;

14 - clamping mesh;

15 - spring.

The regenerative cartridge of the insulating breathing apparatus (Fig. 1) consists of the housing of the cartridge 1, the upper cover of the cartridge 2 with the inhalation-expiration pipe 3, the socket of the starting device 4, in which the starting device 5 is placed, and the lower cover of the cartridge 6 with the pipe of the breathing bag 7. A foamed metal plate 8 is installed in the cartridge case 1, in which a hole 9 is made, located under the socket of the starting device 4. Preferably, foam nickel is used as foam metal, it is also possible to use foamed and other corrosive Toyko metal foams. Directly adjacent to the plate made of foam metal 8 is a package including a starting briquette 10 made in the form of a multi-channel plate, a multi-channel regenerative block 11 and a separation grid 12, the purpose of the latter is to exclude the penetration of the granular product 13 into the channels of the regenerative blocks and the starting briquette, which fills the remaining space of the cartridge case 1. On the bottom surface of the granular product 13 is installed clamping grid 14 with a spring fixed on it 15. Spring 15 interacts with the bottom cover 6, while olive with the grid, acting on the beaded product provides the required density of its stacking and eliminates the formation of gaps between the multichannel regenerative blocks 11 and 10 starting preform.

Equipment regenerative cartridge produced as follows.

The upper cover of the cartridge 2 is welded to the casing of the cartridge 1. A trigger device 5 is installed in the socket of the starting device 4, which is an ampoule with an initiating liquid and an ampoule destruction mechanism, which can have various designs. In the installed assembly, turned by the top cover 2 downward, a foam metal plate 8 is installed in series, with the hole in the plate 9 located under the socket of the starter 4, the starting briquette 10, multi-channel blocks of the regenerative product 11 and the separation grid 12. Free space of the cartridge case 1 it is filled with a granular product 13 and, if necessary, it is compacted with a vibrator. Then the clamping grid 14 is installed with the spring 15 attached to it and the bottom cover 6 is welded to the cartridge case 1.

The cartridge works as follows.

To actuate the starting device 5, initiating the operation of the starting briquette 10, the initiating liquid from the starting device 5 through the hole 9 in the foam metal plate 8 enters the surface of the starting briquette 10, starting it. A launched starting briquette 10 emits oxygen, which is supplied to the user's breath through the inhalation-exhalation pipe 3 and partially fills the breathing bag (not shown) through the pipe of the breathing bag 7, providing oxygen to the user at the initial time when the regenerative product is not yet working. When exhaling, exhaled air through the pipe inhalation-exhalation 3 passes through a plate of foam metal 8, which ensures the alignment of flow rates throughout the living section of the cartridge. At the same time, the plate 8 acquires a temperature close to the temperature of the exhaled air. insulating breathing apparatus. Passing through the channels of the heated starting briquette and multi-channel blocks of the regenerative product, the cleaned air partially gives off moisture and heat to the regenerative product and is cleaned of carbon dioxide. Next, the exhaled air through the separation grid 12 enters the layer of granular regenerative product 13.

In this case, further absorption of carbon dioxide occurs and oxygen necessary for respiration is released. In this case, the regenerative product and, accordingly, the cleaned air are heated. The purified air passes from the breathing bag through the nozzle 7 into the cartridge 1 for additional cleaning and, passing through the foam metal plate 8, is cooled to a comfortable temperature. Alkaline dust is also cleaned from the foam metal plate 8. The purified air through the pipe inhalation-exhalation 3 enters the user's breath.

Since the volume of the granular regenerative product 13 changes somewhat during operation, these changes are stopped by the spring 15, which, acting on the compression grid 14, compacts the granular regenerative product 13, eliminating the breakthrough of untreated air.

The invention provides comfortable breathing, an increase in the degree of working out of the regenerative product and an increase in the reliability of the insulating breathing apparatus due to a more reliable launch of the cartridge at low temperatures.

Claims (2)

1. A regenerative cartridge of an insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen, comprising a starting briquette in the form of a multi-channel heat-resistant block and a regenerative product in the form of a layer of granular regenerative product and in the form of multi-channel blocks of potassium superoxide, characterized in that the cartridge is sequentially filled with a regenerative product of potassium superoxide in the form of multi-channel blocks adjacent to the starting briquette, and a granular regenerative product of potassium superperoxide, and is located The number of channels in the starting briquette corresponds to the arrangement of channels in multi-channel blocks. 2. The regenerative cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that at the entrance to the cartridge there is a foam metal plate with an opening under the starter.

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