RU2686737C1 - Bearing element of prefabricated reinforced concrete overlap, precast reinforced concrete overlap - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to construction, namely to long-length bearing element and its use in precast reinforced concrete overlap. Bearing element includes concrete body with reinforcement. Reinforcement of the bearing element is a longitudinal overlap fixture. Concrete body of bearing element comprises channels for installation of transverse reinforcement of overlap, besides, channels of bearing element provide installation of transverse reinforcement of overlap above reinforcement of bearing element.EFFECT: higher strength of structure.8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The presented group of inventions relates to length-bearing structural elements and building structures, floors and can be used in the construction and overhaul of buildings and structures, including in private housing.

From the current level of technology known element monolithic concrete floors (Description of the utility model to the patent RU 131029 U1, publ. 10.08.2013) containing the base in the form of a thin-walled profile Coherent cross-section with reinforcing cage installed in it, flat elements fastened across it , supplied with cuts in which the fittings are fixed. The well-known element of the monolithic concrete floor is used for the construction of floors in which it acts as beams, mounted on walls and temporary supports. A disadvantage of the known solution is the high cost in connection with the use of complex reinforcement cage, which must be rigidly connected with a thin-walled C-shaped section. In addition, the installation of the known element of monolithic concrete floors in the construction of floors requires temporary supports to build strength of concrete, poured into the floor, which increases the cost and complexity of the work.

From the current level of technology known precast element, selected as the prototype of the first invention of the group - reinforced concrete beam T-section (Novikov Y.A. "Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures in residential construction" M-1953). To obtain precast overlapping beams are installed at a certain distance from one another, the space between them is filled with double hollow slag-concrete liners, the seams between the beams and liners are filled with cement mortar. A disadvantage of the known beam is the lack of constructive possibilities for connecting several beams with working or structural transverse reinforcement, as a result of which the precast ceiling made using known beams has only longitudinal working reinforcement due to the reinforcement of the beams themselves, which will reduce the load capacity of the ceiling. In addition, the T-section, necessary for the subsequent assembly of the ceiling, increases the cost of construction of the beam. At the protrusions of the beams when assembling the ceiling, double-hollow slag-concrete liners are based, therefore, both the beam and the liners require accurate dimensional maintenance when manufacturing, their production is available only on expensive industrial equipment. In addition, the problem of insulation of the assembled floor is solved by additionally insulation, laid on the floor, which increases the cost of the solution.

The problem solved by the first invention of the group, connected by a single inventive concept of technical solutions and the technical result achieved is to create another technical solution - a carrier element for precast reinforced concrete floors, allowing to build low-cost high-strength floors with longitudinal and transverse structural and working reinforcement that does not require bearing expensive equipment, and when installing the floor of a special construction equipment.

To solve the task and achieve the stated technical result, the carrier element of the precast concrete floor includes channels for installing transverse reinforcement of the ceiling, and the channels of the supporting element provide installation of the transverse reinforcement of the precast floor above the reinforcement of the supporting element.

From the current level of technology known method of construction of precast concrete floors (Description of invention to patent RU 2117738 publ. 20.08.98), including the installation of precast ribbed plates with subsequent tension of high-strength reinforcement, which stretch and strain in the channels of the transverse edges of the plates. The use of tensioned high-strength reinforcement increases the maximum load on the floor, as it is actually supported on four sides, i.e. on the external contour. A disadvantage of the known solution is the high cost due to the need to use construction equipment during installation and a large number of adjacent plates. In addition, the known solution is not applicable when it is necessary to replace the ceiling inside the building. In addition, the known solution in the case of application for heated space requires additional insulation, which increases the cost of construction.

From the current level of technology known precast-monolithic overlap (Description of the invention to the patent RU 2097502 publ. 27.11.97,), selected as the prototype of the second invention of the group. The known solution allows building overlapping for large spaces. This is achieved by the fact that the product is made with openings in the form of semi-cylinders in the longitudinal direction and voids in the transverse, followed by filling them with heavy concrete with preliminary reinforcement in two directions. The resulting system of overlap after a set of concrete of the required strength is a sound-insulated bee-free slab, working in two directions, which allows to block large areas of buildings. A disadvantage of the known solution is the high cost due to the high cost of individual elements of the special non-removable ceiling formwork. In addition, the well-known prefabricated monolithic in construction requires the construction of temporary supports to set strength to concrete, which further increases the cost of the solution.

The problem solved by the second invention of the group, and the technical result achieved is to create another technical solution - an inexpensive durable precast reinforced concrete floor with longitudinal, transverse structural and working reinforcement that does not require special equipment for its construction, with a constructive possibility of warming without a significant increase in thickness.

To solve the problem and achieve the stated technical result, precast reinforced concrete slab, with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, is made using the support element according to the first invention of the group.

Besides:

- transverse reinforcement overlap is constructive;

- transverse reinforcement overlap is working;

- transverse reinforcement overlap is constructive and working;

- between the worker and constructive reinforcement placed filler;

- a filler is placed below the constructive reinforcement;

- a filler is placed above the working reinforcement.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 - supporting element of overlap with channels with channels of different shapes.

FIG. 2 - bearing elements of the ceiling with installed transverse reinforcement.

FIG. 3 - overlap option with working and structural reinforcement.

FIG. 4 - insulated flooring variant with constructive reinforcement.

FIG. 5 - a variant of insulated overlap with working reinforcement.

FIG. 1 illustrates embodiments of a carrier floor element in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention. The overlap element (pos. 1) contains channels (pos. 2) for installation of transverse overlapping reinforcement. The channels of the floor element can be of various shapes and sizes, they are located above the own reinforcement of the floor element (pos. 4). The overlap element, when operating as part of the overlap, can only have one working reinforcement for the deflection (lower reinforcement, pos. 4). The overlap element can have an upper and (or) lower row of channels for constructive and (or) working reinforcement of the overlap. Channels in the upper part of the floor element for structural reinforcement are located in the compression zone, therefore, in the case of subsequent concreting into the floor, can be made in the form of slots - pos. 3. The distance between the channels is calculated depending on the load on the overlap by the known methods for calculating the pitch of the reinforcing mesh. The overlap assembly is carried out by installing overlapping elements at the required distance from each other, installing the reinforcement into the channels of the ceiling elements and associating the installed reinforcement with the ceiling elements. The binding of reinforcement and floor elements is ensured by concreting, when using threaded rods as reinforcement, by tightening the nuts on the rods.

FIG. 2 illustrates the installed elements and reinforcement overlap. The transverse overlap working reinforcement is designated pos. 5, transverse structural reinforcement - pos. 6. The longitudinal reinforcement of the ceiling is its own reinforcement of the elements of the ceiling and, if necessary, additional reinforcement (pos. 7). The own reinforcement of the ceiling elements is located below the installed in the channels of transverse ceiling reinforcement in order to prevent the destruction of the concrete floor elements during the installation of floors.

FIG. 3 illustrates a variant of the assembled concreted floor, pos. 8 denotes concrete. To reduce the amount of concrete, the cost and weight of the overlap between the working and structural reinforcement can be placed filler, for example, foam POS. 9. The upper, concreted part of the ceiling works in compression in the longitudinal and transverse directions due to the concrete of the floor elements themselves and the concrete between them.

The lower, concreted, part of the ceiling works in tension in two directions - longitudinal, thanks to the working reinforcement of the floor elements and transverse, thanks to the working reinforcement of the floor (pos. 5, fig. 3). The presence of a cold seam between the concrete of the floor elements and the newly poured concrete does not weaken the work of the floor by stretching, since the lower channels are concreted during the concreting of the floor, reliably associating the transverse working reinforcement of the floor with floor elements.

FIG. 3 illustrates the overlap, the concreting of which is from above limited by the height of the floor elements. If necessary, the layer of concrete can be increased. Concreting of the floor can be done in 2 stages: first, the lower layer is concreted, with the working reinforcement, then the filler is installed, and then the upper layer is concreted. For concreting the lower layer, formwork from an inexpensive sheet material can be suspended from the bottom elements of the floor.

FIG. Figure 4 illustrates the ceiling that can be used to overlap the first floor of a building with a cold plinth. Pos. 8 in FIG. 4 indicates frozen concrete, pos. 10, 11 - solid insulation, for example, foam. In this variant of overlap, the transverse working reinforcement is not concreted, it may not be installed, the lower row of channels in the overlap elements may be missing. The lower row of channels can be used to compress the threaded rods between the overlapping elements of solid insulation (foam). Insulation between the elements can be fixed with glue or concrete solution. Concreting of structural reinforcement is made on the heater without the use of additional formwork. In the layer of concrete between the elements of the floor can be installed pipe or cable underfloor heating. The flooring can be installed directly on the ceiling (ceramic tile) or on the insulation materials on the floor (laminate, parquet).

FIG. 5 illustrates an overlap that can be used as a cold attic attic floor.

Claims (8)

1. Bearing element of precast concrete floors, including a concrete body with reinforcement, while the reinforcement of the supporting element is a longitudinal reinforcement of the ceiling, characterized in that the concrete body of the supporting element contains channels for installing transverse reinforcement of the ceiling, and the channels of the supporting element provide installation of transverse reinforcement of the ceiling above carrier reinforcement. 2. Precast reinforced concrete slab, with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, characterized in that it is made with the use of the bearing element according to claim 1. 3. The overlap of claim. 2, characterized in that the transverse reinforcement is constructive. 4. The overlap of claim. 2, characterized in that the transverse reinforcement is working. 5. The overlap of claim. 3, characterized in that the transverse reinforcement is constructive and working. 6. The overlap of claim. 5, characterized in that between the working and constructive reinforcement placed filler. 7. The overlap of claim. 3, characterized in that the filler is placed below the constructive reinforcement. 8. The overlap of claim. 4, characterized in that the filler is placed above the working reinforcement.

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