RU2685909C1 - Feed concentrate for lactating cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to feed production, in particular to a method for producing feed concentrate for lactating cows. Method is characterized by the fact that the grain component and the cake is crushed and mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture with a moisture content of 18–20 % and fed into an extruder. Extrusion is carried out at a temperature of 200–220 °C and pressure of 4–5 MPa. Then the extrudate is crushed and fed into the mixer, where it is added vitamin-mineral premix and beet molasses, which is preheated by steam to a temperature of 45–55 °C is sprayed under pressure using nozzles, after which the components are mixed and granulated.EFFECT: use of the invention will allow to obtain a balanced product with increased storage speed.1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention is intended for fodder production and can be used both by agricultural producers and centralized enterprises that produce animal feed based on vegetable raw materials and food and processing industry waste.

Known feed mixture for feeding cattle [1], containing feed molasses, wheat bran with the enrichment of the mixture with vitamins, micro-and macro. Food with a high content of sugars, made up of inexpensive and non-deficient feedstock, provides an increase in animal productivity while reducing the cost of feed mixture.

The disadvantage of this method is the low protein content, which will lead to an imbalance of nutrients in the diet of cattle (sugar-protein ratio).

Famous feed granulated mixture for animals [2], containing coarse, concentrated and mineral feed. The feed mixture has an increased protein, lipid, vitamin nutritional value and allows you to increase the productivity of animals.

The disadvantage of this feed is an insufficient amount of beet molasses as a source of sugars, lack of vitamins, which prevents the realization of the genetic potential of animal productivity and does not provide the optimal ratio of diet components.

The objective of the invention is to create a feed concentrate that allows you to increase the protein, carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral nutritional value of the diet of lactating cows in both the stall and grazing of animals.

The task is solved in that the feed mixture for feeding cattle, containing the grain component and waste oil production (cake), according to the invention introduced waste sugar production (beet syrup) and vitamin-mineral component.

Oilcakes (sunflower, rapeseed) and grain components (barley, oats, wheat) are used as a source of protein, molasses - as a source of readily available sugar and a binder, improves the taste of the feed concentrate and increases its palatability. Vitamin and mineral nutritional value of feed concentrate is increased due to the introduction of vitamin-mineral premix. The premix contains the following components: vitamins A, D ₃ , E, H, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine.

Feed concentrate is made up of inexpensive and non-deficient source products, which reduces the cost of the finished feed.

The production of feed concentrate for lactating cows consists of several stages. At the first stage, the following technological operations are carried out with the grain component and the cake: dosing of the components according to the established recipe on the dosing unit, grinding in a crusher, making the mixture homogeneous in a mixer, followed by feeding into a universal extruder. The moisture content of the mixture before extrusion should be 18-20%.

Extrusion of the grain component and the cake is made at a temperature of 200-220 ° C, pressure - 4-5 MPa. The time of passing the raw material through the extruder is 90 seconds, and under the influence of the maximum temperature, the extrudate is 5-6 seconds.

After extrusion is complete, at the second stage of concentrate production, the extrudate is crushed in a crusher and fed to a mixer, where a vitamin-mineral premix is added to it, then beet molasses under pressure with spraying using nozzles. The molasses are preheated with steam to a temperature of 45-55 ° C using a steam generator.

At the final stage of the production of feed concentrate, these components are mixed and the resulting mixture is processed into granules on a granulator.

The claimed method of obtaining feed concentrate has low costs per unit of production, since it allows the use of a wide range of grain (barley, oats, wheat) and protein (cake sunflower or rapeseed) components depending on the region of production of the finished feed product.

The combination of these components and their weight ratio allows the use of feed concentrate without additional sources of sugars, protein, vitamins and minerals in the basic ration of lactating cows. Feed concentrate is balanced, versatile, easily digestible.

Processing the individual components of the concentrate on an extruder is an effective way to disinfect it, which increases the shelf life of the finished feed product. At the same time, the quality of the feed concentrate meets the requirements of the regulatory and technical documentation on quality and safety indicators (Tables 1, 2).

The recommended technology for obtaining feed concentrate provides recycling of sugar and oil extract production byproducts, reduces the level of use of grain raw materials in the production of feed mixture, reduces the cost of its cost and eliminates environmental pollution.

Information sources

1. Batanov S.D. Feed mixture for feeding cattle: Pat. 2246850 of the Russian Federation; IPC А23К 1/00 - № 2003129855/13; declare 10/7/2003; publ. 27.02.2005, Byul. №6.

2. Feed granulated mixture for animals / А.S. Kozlov, A.A. Dedkova, A.Yu. Morozov [et al.]: Pat. 2267959 of the Russian Federation; IPC А23К 1/16 - № 2004123061/13; declare July 27, 2004; publ. 01.20.2006, Byul. №2.

Claims (1)

The method of obtaining feed concentrate for lactating cows, characterized in that the grain component and the cake is crushed and mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture with a humidity of 18-20% and fed into an extruder, the extrusion is carried out at a temperature of 200-220 ° C and a pressure of 4-5 MPa, then the extrudate is crushed and fed to a mixer, where vitamin-mineral premix and beet molasses are added to it, which is preheated by steam to a temperature of 45-55 ° C is sprayed under pressure using nozzles, after which the components are mixed and granulated.