RU2672896C2 - Balustrade glazing system and multistorey building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, and more specifically to balustrade glazing systems and to balustrade and balcony glazing systems. Technical result is achieved in that the balustrade glazing system comprises essentially horizontal handrails provided with an installation groove and having a span length of at least 3.0 m and fastened in a stationary manner only at the ends to support structures by means of a support structure fastening system; an essentially horizontal lower rail provided with an installation groove; balustrade glazing made of unhardened and laminated glass and installed essentially in a floating manner on the span between the installation groove of the handrail and the installation groove of the lower rail, whereby the lower edge of the balustrade glazing rests on the bottom of the installation groove so that the lower edge of the balustrade glazing can essentially move in the installation groove in the width direction of the installation groove; and where the balustrade glazing supports the handrail at the middle area of the span so that the balustrade glazing is freely deflectable by the effect of the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing; and the lower rail and the handrail are arranged so that the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing directed to the balustrade glass are transmitted to the support structures only via the essentially horizontal rails, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that a multi-storey building comprises such a balustrade glazing system for performing balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing on external balconies located on different floors, or for forming a roof terrace or terraces on different floors.EFFECT: technical result enabling reduction of strength requirements of the balustrade glazing, which does not use vertical pillars installed in the span.25 cl, 11 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to the field of construction, and more specifically to balustrade glazing systems and to balustrade and balcony glazing systems.

State of the art

In the prior art of balustrade glazing, the balustrade is carried out by installing vertical posts in the span supporting the railing and receiving the forces acting on the railing. These forces include internal loads created by people, wind loads and loads due to pressure and vacuum.

In the prior art, when balustrade glazing is held without the use of balustrade racks placed in the span, balustrade glasses are rigidly fixed to the lower part to a profile of one type or another (for example, to SteelPro U-profile A60), which are rigidly fixed to the underlying base plate . The corresponding technical solution is disclosed, for example, in patent application US 2002/0195595 A1.

Balustrade glazing is discussed in international patent application 2013/162451 A1, international patent application 96/24739, US patent 6,964,410, Czech patent application 2010-151, Czech patent application 300 485, European patent application 2 017 399 A1 and US patent 4,920,717.

Balustrade glasses, rigidly fixed in their lower part, bend under the influence of the load caused by the above forces. In this case, the deflection of the lower part of the glass at the upper part of the rigid fastening creates significant shear forces at the boundary between the profile of the lower rail and the glass. Due to these significant shear forces, stringent requirements are imposed on the strength of such balustrade glasses. In accordance with these strength requirements, in practice it is necessary to use tempered and sufficiently thick glass, for example, 6 + 6 mm tempered glass from two sheets connected to each other.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

The aim in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention is to make it possible to reduce the strength requirements for balustrade glazing, which does not use vertical posts installed in the span. This goal can be achieved through the balustrade glazing system according to claim 1. In this way, using the less expensive balustrade glazing, the building according to claim 21 can be completed.

An object in accordance with a second aspect of the present invention is to simplify the installation of balustrade glazing in a balustrade glazing system. This goal can be achieved through a balustrade glazing system in accordance with dependent clause 15.

An object in accordance with a third aspect of the present invention is to make it possible to adjust the straightness of the railing in a mounted balustrade glazing system. This goal can be achieved through a balustrade glazing system in accordance with dependent clause 17 or clause 18.

The remaining dependent claims disclose preferred aspects of a balustrade glazing system.

Advantages of the Invention

The balustrade glazing system can be implemented without vertical racks installed in the span, using thinner glass with less stringent strength requirements and even non-toughened glass in the balustrade glazing, since essentially horizontal railings are at least 3.0 m long with the mounting groove are rigidly attached to the supporting structures only at their ends using the fastening system to the supporting structure, while the substantially horizontal lower rail has a mounting groove, ball the patient glazing is made of non-toughened laminated glass and is mounted essentially floating in the space between the mounting groove of said railing and the mounting groove of said lower rail, wherein the lower edge of the balustrade glazing rests on the lower part of said mounting groove and can essentially be moved into mounting groove in the width direction of said mounting groove, said railing rests on balustrade glazing in the middle of the span, so that balustrade glazing has the ability to one deflection under the action of forces directed normal to the balustrade glazing, said lower rail and railing are made so that the forces acting on them in the direction normal to the balustrade glazing applied to the balustrade glass are transmitted to the supporting structures only through the indicated essentially horizontal slats (3, 2). Unlike tempered glass, non-tempered glass can be processed (for example, cut). This greatly simplifies installation. For example, at the installation stage, you can correct size errors (cut too wide or too high glass). In addition, tempered glass is usually cheaper than tempered glass, at least for the time being. In balustrade glazing systems implemented to date, the use of non-toughened glass without uprights installed in the span was not possible.

This balustrade glazing system may also include balcony glazing suspended from the top rail of the load-bearing system of the balustrade glazing system located on top and resting on its railing with its lower edge. In this way, the possibility of balcony glazing using a balustrade glazing system that does not use vertical racks installed in the span is created, as a result of which it becomes possible to use glasses with balcony glazing with less stringent strength requirements.

In the case where the balustrade glazing system contains a guide installed in the mounting groove, and the running surface of the specified guide, together with the running surface of the railing, forms an even surface along which the sliding surface of the lower profile of the balcony glass can move, which makes it possible to move the balcony glass relative to the running surface of the railing and relative to the running surface of the guide from the closed position to the open position and vice versa, on the sliding surface of the balcony walls count a smooth running surface is formed for opening and closing said balcony glasses.

In the case where the thickness of the balustrade glazing in said balustrade glazing system is 4 + 4 mm, 5 + 5 mm or 6 + 6 mm, glass of less expensive thicknesses may be used. Since the mounting groove for balcony glazing is formed by a fixed mounting strip that is part of the railing profile and having a mounting groove for installing the seal, and a removable mounting strip having a mounting groove for installing the seal, the upper edge of the balustrade glass can be inserted into its mounting groove from the inside of the balcony. This increases safety during work. In addition, it more reliably prevents the fall of balustrade glazing during installation.

In the case where in the balustrade glazing system the lower rail is attached to the supporting structure by means of fasteners, this lower rail can absorb half the forces in the direction normal to the glass of the balustrade fence acting on the balustrade glazing.

In the case when the mounting groove for installing the glass of the balustrade fence is formed between the seals installed in the mounting grooves of the lower rail profile, and the specified mounting groove for installing the glass of the balustrade fence is open upwards, the balustrade glazing can be installed from above.

In the case when the seals of the balustrade glazing system are made of or contain elastomeric mass, these seals dampen the movements of the glass of the balustrade fence and dampen sharp shocks caused by these movements, thereby reducing the risk of glass breaking. When the seals are located on both sides of the balustrade glazing close to it, the seals also serve as vibration dampers of the balustrade glazing: if, as a result of the force acting in the direction normal to the glass, the lower edge and / or upper edge of the balustrade glazing is in a position other than the equilibrium position, then the seal creates a restoring force. If there is a cavity at both ends of the railing to accommodate the fastener, the railing is stiffened to the supporting structures in relation to the deflection.

In the case when the railing is made of a railing profile, and within such railing a reinforcing profile is installed or can be installed, increasing the moment of resistance of the section, attached to the railing profile by means of fasteners, the moment of resistance of the section of the railing can be increased, if necessary, without changing the the type and / or external dimensions of the railing and / or by means of a standard railing profile.

In the case where, in addition to this or as an alternative to this, the railings are made by extrusion, their cross section is constant, with the exception of possible mounting openings, and the above cavity can be used to accommodate both fasteners and a reinforcing profile, while the appearance of the railing remains the same and rigid fastening, and an increase in the moment of resistance of the rail section. In addition, such railings can be made in a relatively simple way, for example, by extrusion of aluminum.

In the case when the lower part of the mounting groove of the lower rail contains material whose friction coefficient is less than the coefficient of friction at the border of the glass of the balustrade fence and the lower rail, it becomes possible to slide the lower edge of the glass of the balustrade fence along the lower part of the lower rail when the glass of the balustrade fence is deflected. In this case, the lower edge of the glass of the balustrade fence with a possible deflection has the possibility of free sliding along the lower part of the mounting groove, which reduces the risk of destruction of the lower edge of the glass.

In the case where the lower part of the mounting groove of the lower rail contains material whose hardness is less than the hardness of the glass of the balustrade fence, this, in comparison with the direct contact of the metal with the glass, reduces the wear of the lower part of the glass of the balustrade fence and reduces the risk of breaking the lower edge of the glass of the balustrade fence loading.

In the case when the specified system of balustrade glazing contains a protective profile made with the possibility of installation or installed on the upper edge of the glass of the balustrade fence with the aim of transferring a large area of vertical forces acting from the railing to the upper edge of the glass of the balustrade fence, the risk of destruction of the upper the edges of the balustrade glazing, since the concentrated forces created by the railing are more evenly distributed over the upper edge of the balustrade glazing.

In the case where the balustrade glazing system is configured to use a retaining profile that is installed or can be installed on the upper edge of the balustrade glazing to hold or support the balustrade glazing during installation of the balustrade glazing, the installation of the balustrade glazing is simplified and can be done with just one person.

In the case when this protective / holding profile has an h-shape or contains it, the glass of the balustrade fence during installation is securely held in the mounting groove, and the installation of the balustrade glazing is simplified and can be done with just one face.

In the case where this protective / holding profile can be wedged between the glass of the balustrade fence and the railing in order to straighten the railing, the straightness of the railing can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the wedge or wedges.

In the case where the balustrade glazing system contains a wedge element for straightening the railing in the span, the straightness of the railing in the span can be adjusted smoothly. The straightness of the railing in the span is in any case important from the point of view of aesthetics, but it is especially important when installing balcony glazing on these rails.

In the case where the specified wedge element contains a screw, screw thread or bolt, the distance between the railing and the upper surface of the profile located on the upper edge of the glass can be adjusted smoothly by turning the specified screw or bolt. The moment necessary to turn the screw, screw thread or bolt is usually small compared to the force generated by this screw and the like, therefore, said screw, screw thread or bolt simplifies the straightening of relatively heavy railings.

In the case when the balustrade glazing is attached in the middle zone of the span using an elastic adhesive both to the lower part of the material of the lower rail and to the lower part of the protective / holding profile, which is also glued to the lower part of the mounting groove of the railing, when the railing is applied, pulling the railing up, the balustrade glass is held in its mounting grooves. Moreover, the specified elastic adhesive does not interfere with the deflection of the balustrade glass.

When using the specified system of balustrade glazing in a multi-storey building for balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing on external balconies located on different floors, or when creating a roof terrace or terraces on different floors, it becomes possible not to use racks installed in the spans and not to use The toughest, toughened glass.

If in a multi-storey building in balustrade glazing systems use a reinforcing profile in the railing of the upper floors and not use a reinforcing profile in the railing of the lower floors, then balustrade glazing can be implemented with optimal reinforcement, while the appearance of the balustrade glazing on all floors remains the same.

List of drawings

Next, the balustrade glazing system is disclosed in more detail using the exemplary embodiments of the balustrade glazing system shown in the drawings of FIG. 1-10. In the drawings:

in FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a balustrade glazing system;

in FIG. 2 shows a cross section II-II of a balustrade glazing system with balcony glazing shown in FIG. 5;

in FIG. 3a shows a cross-section of the railing in the balustrade glazing system without balcony glazing (Fig. 2, element III);

in FIG. 3d shows fragment III of FIG. 2, i.e., a cross-section of a balustrade glazing system and a balcony glazing system, which also comprises balcony glass and a guide;

in FIG. 4 shows fragment IV of FIG. 2, i.e. bottom rail in cross section;

in FIG. 5 shows a view of a balustrade glazing system and a balcony glazing system from inside the balcony;

in FIG. Figure 6 shows fragment VII, i.e. hidden fastening of the balustrade glazing system to the supporting structure;

in FIG. 7 shows a section along VII-VII of the hidden fastening of FIG. 6;

in FIG. 8 is a fragment of an alternative fastening of a hidden fastening of a balustrade glazing system to a supporting structure;

in FIG. 9 is a section through IX-IX of the mount of FIG. 8;

in FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative lower rail mount.

Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

Detailed Disclosure of Invention

In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a balustrade glazing system 1. The balustrade glazing system 1 of FIG. 2 is similar, but it additionally has a balcony glazing 6. FIG. 5 is a view of a balustrade glazing system and a balcony glazing system from within a balcony. The number of glasses 4 in the balustrade glazing and glasses 60 in the balcony glazing can vary.

The balustrade glazing system 1 comprises essentially horizontal railings 2 with a mounting groove 9, which have a length of at least 3.0 m and, by means of the fastening system 7 to the supporting structure, are rigidly attached to the supporting structures 8 only at their ends; and also contains a substantially horizontal bottom rail 3, in the profile 30 of which a mounting groove 38 is provided. In addition, the balustrade glazing system includes balustrade glazing 4, mounted essentially floating between the mounting railing groove 9 and the mounting groove 38 the lower rail and creating support for the railing 2 in the middle zone of the span, while the balustrade glazing 4 has the possibility of free deflection under the action of forces in the direction of the normal F to the glazing 4 of the balustrade fence, while the lower rail 3 and the railing 2 is made so that the forces acting in the direction of the normal F to the glazing 4 of the balustrade fence, applied to the glass 4 of the balustrade fence, are transmitted to the supporting structures 5 and 8 only through essentially horizontal rails 3 and 2.

The expression "essentially horizontal" means a direction whose deviation from the horizontal direction does not go beyond the limits allowed by the standards in force at the time of checking horizontalness.

Free deflection here means that the seals 20a, 20b at the lower end of the glass 4 of the balustrade fence and the corresponding seals 20a at the upper end serve as reference lines. When a force F pulls or pushes the glass 4 of the balustrade fence outward or inward, the upper edge and lower edge of the glass 4 of the balustrade fence can move somewhat in the corresponding mounting groove 9, 38 when the glass 4 of the balustrade fence rotates around the corresponding reference line.

In FIG. 2, in section II-II (see FIG. 5), a balustrade glazing system 1 with a balcony glazing 6 is integrated therein. Said balcony glazing 6 contains a series of balcony glasses 60. In this case, the balustrade glazing system 1 comprises a balcony glazing 6, suspended from the upper rail 61 of the upper supporting structure 62 of the balustrade glazing system 1, the balcony glazing 6 is supported by its lower edge on the railing 2. The railing 2 takes half the forces in the normal direction F to the glazing 6 of the balcony acting on the balustrade glazing 4 and, if balcony glazing 6 is installed, half the forces acting on balcony glazing 6.

In FIG. 3b, the balustrade glazing system 1 is also provided, also comprising a guide 50 mounted in the fixing groove 17, the running surface 25 of the guide 50 and the railing running surface 27 forming an even surface along which the sliding surface 26 of the lower profile 63 of the balcony glass 60 can move, which allows balcony glasses 60 to move relative to the running surface 27 of the railing 2 and relative to the running surface 25 of the guide 50 from the closed position to the open position and vice versa.

In the balustrade glazing 4, non-tempered laminated glass is used. The thickness of the glass is from 4 to 12 mm (for example 4 + 4 mm, 5 + 5 mm or 6 + 6 mm).

In FIG. 3a, a balustrade glazing system 2 without balcony glazing 6 is shown. The mounting groove 9 for the balcony glazing 4 is formed by a fixed mounting strip 22 integrated in the railing 10 and having a mounting groove 18a to accommodate the seal 20a, and a removable mounting strip 11 having a mounting groove 18b for placing the seal 20a. A removable mounting strip 11 is attached to the railing 2 by means of a fastener 12. The seals 20a are put in place before installation. The railing profile 10 and the removable mounting strip 11 are cut to a predetermined size before delivery to the installation site. Seals 20a are usually installed in the factory after trimming the railing 10 and the removable mounting strip 11. FIG. 3b shows the railing 10 in which the balcony glazing is integrated 6. In this case, the provided cover 21 installed in the railing 10 is removed (Fig. 3a). In addition, in the fixing groove 17 of the railing 2 in a place suitable for opening the balcony glass 60, a guide 50 is installed along which balcony windows can open and close.

In FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the lower rail 3. The lower rail 3 is attached to the supporting structure 5 by means of fasteners 32. A mounting metal bracket 33 can be mounted between the lower rail 3 and the supporting structure 5 for fastening or fitting the fastening, as shown, for example, in FIG. 4, to which the lower rail 2 is fastened by means of fasteners 32. The mounting metal bracket 33 is fastened to the supporting structure 5 by means of fasteners 34. A washer 35 can be installed between the fastener 34 and the angular metal bracket 33. The angular metal bracket 33 can have oval holes for fasteners 34 and 32 both for mounting the lower rail 30 to the mounting metal bracket 33, and for mounting the mounting metal bracket 33 to the supporting structure 5. Using m these oval holes position of the lower rail 3 balustrade glazing can be adjusted in the depth direction of the balcony and in the height direction of the balcony. If the fastener 34 is a screw for concrete, then it may have a washer 35 made with it as a single unit. In FIG. 10 illustrates an alternative fastening of the bottom rail 3 to the supporting structure 5, in which the lower rail 3 is attached directly to the supporting structure 5 using the fastener 44.

The mounting groove 38 of the balustrade glass 4 is formed between the seals 20a and 20b installed in the mounting grooves 36 of the lower rail profile 30, while the mounting groove 38 is open upward. The seal 20a is put in place in the mounting groove 36 before installation, after the profile 30 of the lower rail is cut to a predetermined size. Typically, the cutting of the lower rail profile 30 and the installation of the seal 20a are carried out in a workshop. The inner seal 20b of the balustrade glazing 4 is installed in place after the installation of the balustrade glazing 4. The seal 20b is used to seal and center the lower part of the balustrade glazing 4 in the mounting groove 38 of the lower rail 3.

Seals 20a, 20b can be made of an elastomeric mass, for example, rubber. Most preferably, the seals 20a, 20b are made of EPDM rubber (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (class M)) or contain this material.

In FIG. 6 is a fragment VII of balcony glazing and balustrade glazing shown in FIG. 5, namely the hidden mount. The mounting plate 101 is attached to the supporting structure 8 by means of the fastening element 105, after which the railing profile 10 through the opening 106 made in it shown in FIG. 7 is lowered onto the mounting plate 101 and fastened to it from the side by means of the fastening element 102 and from above by means of the fastening elements 103 .

In FIG. 7 shows a section VII-VII of the fastening of the railing 2 shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 7, a cavity 107 is visible on both edges of the railing 2 for mounting the fastener 101. The fasteners 101 are attached to the supporting structures 8 by means of fasteners 105 before the railing 2 is installed. An opening 106 is made in the transverse surface of the railing 10 through which the railing 2 is lowered onto fasteners 101. The railing 2 is attached laterally and from above by means of a fastener 102 (for example, a M6x30 ST screw with a hex key socket) and fasteners 103 (for example, 4.2x13 ST blind rivets). In FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative fastening of the railing 2 to the supporting structure 8, in which the mounting metal bracket is attached to the supporting structure 8 by means of fasteners 108 and washers 109, and the railing is attached to the mounting metal bracket 104 by means of fastening elements 110.

Inside the railing profile 10 of the railing 2, a reinforcing profile 15 is installed or can be installed, designed to increase the moment of resistance of the section, attached to the cavity 107 (Fig. 3a) of the railing profile 10 by means of fasteners 16.

The railing 2 is made by extrusion, its cross-section is constant, with the exception of possible mounting openings, and the above cavity 107 can be used to accommodate both the mounting plates 101 (see Fig. 7) and the reinforcing profile 15 (see Fig. 3a). The reinforcing profile 15 may be solid (for example, rod) or hollow (for example, tubular).

The lower part of the mounting groove 38 of the lower rail 3 contains a material 31 (for example, plastic), the hardness of which is less than the hardness of the balustrade glass 4, and the coefficient of friction of which is less than the coefficient of friction of the balustrade glazing and the mounting groove 38 of the lower rail 3. The material 31 has, for example, U shape -shaped profile. This material is installed in the lower part of the lower rail profile 30, where it is fixed under the protrusions 45 in the lower rail profile 31.

A protective / holding profile 42 is installed or can be installed on the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4, which is designed to distribute on the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 the vertical forces emanating from the railing 2 over a larger area.

The protective / holding profile 42, with the possibility of using which the balustrade glazing system 1 is made, is installed or can be installed on the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 in order to hold or support the balustrade glazing 4 during installation of the balustrade glazing. In this case, the protective / retaining profile 42 may preferably be h-shaped.

The protective / holding profile 42 can be used to straighten the railing 2 by wedging between the glazing 4 of the balustrade fence and the railing 2. In this case, the balustrade glazing system 1 preferably contains a wedge element 13 to straighten the railing 4 in the span.

The wedge element 13 may be a screw or bolt, or the wedge element 13 may comprise a screw or bolt.

Balustrade glazing system 1 is used in a multi-story building for balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing on external balconies located on different floors, or when creating a roof terrace or terraces on different floors. In this case, it is preferable not to use the reinforcing profile 15 in the railing 2 of the lower floors of the building, and the reinforcing profile 15 can be used in the railing 2 of the upper floors.

Balustrade glazing 4 is fixed in the middle span using elastic adhesive 39 (for example, silicone adhesives, for example, Sikaflex®-221 or Sikaflex®-222 UV) both to the lower part of the material 31 of the lower rail 3 and to the lower part of the protective / holding profile 42, which is also glued to the bottom of the mounting groove 9 of the railing 2.

When calculating the deflection of the railing, 2 loads are calculated in accordance with the European Building Technical Standards (Eurocodes). These standards include the following documents: 991-1-1 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Part 1-1: General actions - Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings, and European standard 1991-1-4 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions.

In accordance with these standards, balustrade glass 4 and balcony glazing 6 must be sized to provide resistance to wind pressure, determined on the basis of the height of the building and the category of terrain.

For example, for a building with a height of 20 m in an area of category 0, the wind pressure, which should be used when determining the dimensions, is 1.25 kN / m ² . For a building 40 m high in category 1 terrain, the wind pressure that should be used when sizing is 1.01 kN / m ² .

Using the balustrade glazing system 1 in accordance with the present invention, made as a prototype, it is possible to perform balustrade glazing in a building with a height of 20 m (terrain category 0), for example, with a balcony width of 4.6 m or less. Using the balustrade glazing system 1 in accordance with the present invention, made as a prototype, balustrade glazing is possible in a building 40 m high (terrain category 1) with a balcony width of 6 m or less. These numerical values are given for the case when the balcony glazing 6 is also installed above the railing 2 in system 1 of the balustrade glazing 6. The wind load is shown in the drawings by the force F in the direction normal to the balustrade glazing 4.

In some places, for example, in Helsinki, construction supervisory authorities issue directives defining the greatest permissible deflection of the railing. At the time of writing, this parameter in Helsinki had a value of 25 mm. The greatest deflection of the balustrade glazing system 1 in accordance with the present invention, made as a prototype, in the above cases does not exceed the specified value of the maximum allowable deflection.

In these cases, the railing 2 is reinforced, at least on the highest floors, by means of a reinforcing profile 15. When implementing the above-described method, the balustrade and balcony glazing system disclosed here can be used to perform balustrade and balcony glazing, the types of which are presented in the attached examples, complying with the Pan-European building technical standards (Eurocodes) and building regulations.

The present invention should not be understood as being limited only by the following claims, but should be understood as containing all of its legal equivalents and combinations of the presented embodiments.

List of references used

S inner side of balustrade glazing

U the outer side of the balustrade glazing

F force in the direction normal to the balustrade glazing

1 balustrade glazing system

2 railing

3 bottom rail

4 balustrade glass

5 supporting structure

6 balcony glazing

7 mounting system to the supporting structure

8 supporting structure (e.g. wall, facade, side edge)

9 mounting groove

10 railing profile

11 removable mounting strip

12 fastener

13 wedge element

15 reinforcing profile

16 fastener

17 locking groove

18a mounting groove

18b mounting groove

19 cavity for mounting

20a seal

20b seal

21 cover

22 fixed mounting strip

23 threaded hole

24 seal

25 running surface

26 sliding surface

27 running surface

28 oval hole

29 oval hole

30 bottom rail profile

31 material

32 fastener

33 mounting metal bracket

34 fastener

35 washer

36 mounting groove

37 lower part of the U-shaped profile

38 mounting groove

39 elastic adhesive

40 lower edge of the balustrade glass

41 upper edge of the balustrade glass

42 protective / holding profile

43 closing profile

44 fastener

45 ledge

50 guide

60 balcony glass

61 upper rail

62 load-bearing structure

63 bottom profile

101 mounting plate

102 fastener

103 fastener

104 mounting metal bracket

105 fastener

106 aperture in profile

107 cavity

108 fastener

109 washer

110 fastener

Claims (31)

1. System (1) of balustrade glazing, characterized in that it contains: essentially horizontal railings (2), equipped with a mounting groove (9), having a span of at least 3.0 m and fixedly attached only at the ends to the supporting structures (8) by means of an attachment system (7) to the supporting structure; a substantially horizontal bottom rail (3) equipped with a mounting groove (38); balustrade glazing (4) made of non-toughened laminated glass and installed essentially floating between the mounting groove (9) of these rails and the mounting groove (38) of the lower rail, with the lower edge (40) of the balustrade glazing (4) ) rests on the lower part of the mounting groove (38), while the lower edge (40) of the balustrade glazing (4) has the ability to essentially move in the mounting groove (38) in the width direction of the mounting groove (38); and in which: the railing (2) rests on the balustrade glazing (4) in the middle part of the span so that the balustrade glazing (4) has the possibility of free deflection under the action of forces directed along the normal (F) to the balustrade glazing; and the lower rail (3) and the railing (2) are designed so that the forces acting in the normal direction (F) to the balustrade glazing (4), applied to the balustrade glazing (4), are transmitted to the supporting structures (5, 8) only through essentially horizontal slats (3, 2). 2. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to claim 1, in which the system (7) of fastening to the supporting structure is a hidden fastening, essentially such that the system (7) of fastening to the supporting structure is within the projection of the side end of the railing ( 2). 3. The balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the fastening system (7) to the supporting structure comprises a fixing plate (101) attached to the supporting structure (8) by means of the fastening element (105), onto which through the opening ( 106) in the railing profile (10) the railing profile (10) of the railing (2) is omitted. 4. System (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, in which both side edges of the balustrade glazing (4) are left free in the fastening system (7) to the supporting structure, which allows free deflection of the balustrade glazing (4). 5. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, further comprising a balcony glazing (6) suspended from the upper rail (61) located above the supporting structure (62) of the balustrade glazing system (1), and the balcony glazing (6) is supported by its lower edge on the railing (2). 6. System (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, additionally containing a guide (50), installed or made with the possibility of installation in the mounting groove (17) of the railing (2), and the running surface (25) of the guide (50) together with the running surface (27) of the railing (2) forms a flat surface with the possibility of moving on it the sliding surface (26) of the lower profile (63) of the balcony glass (60), which makes it possible to move the balcony glass (60) relative to the running surface (27) of the railing (2) and relative to the running surface (25) of the guide (50) from closed to open th position and vice versa. 7. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, in which the thickness of the balustrade glazing (4) is 4 + 4 mm, 5 + 5 mm or 6 + 6 mm. 8. System (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, in which the mounting groove (9) for balcony glazing (4) is formed by a fixed mounting strip (22), made as a whole with a railing profile (10) and having a mounting groove (18a) for sealing (20a), and removable a mounting strip (11) having a mounting groove (18b) for sealing (20a). 9. System (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, in which the lower rail (3) is attached to the supporting structure (5) by means of fasteners (32). 10. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, in which the mounting groove (38) for the balustrade glass (4) is formed between the seals (20a, 20b) installed in the mounting grooves (36) of the profile (30) of the lower rail and is open upward. 11. The balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 8 or 10, in which the seals (20a, 20b) are made of or contain an elastomeric mass. 12. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, in which at both edges of the railing (2) there is a cavity (107) for mounting the fastener (101). 13. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, in which the railing (2) is made of a railing profile (10), and inside the railing (2) a reinforcing profile (15) is installed or it is possible to install such a profile that provides an increase in the moment of resistance of the cross section and attached to the cavity (107) of the railing (2) by means of fasteners (16). 14. The balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 12 or 13, in which the railing (2) is extruded, their cross section is constant, with the exception of possible fixing openings, and it is possible to use the cavity (107) to be placed as fixing plates ( 101) and reinforcing profile (15). 15. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-14, in which the lower part of the mounting groove (38) of the lower rail (3) contains material (31) whose friction coefficient is less than the coefficient of friction of the glazing (4) of the balustrade fence and the mounting groove (38) of the lower rail (3). 16. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-15, in which the lower part of the mounting groove (38) of the lower rail (3) contains material (31), the hardness of which is less than the hardness of the glass (4) balustrade glazing. 17. The system (1) balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, additionally containing a protective profile (42), installed or configured to be installed on the upper edge (41) of balustrade glass (4) in order to transfer vertical forces acting from the side of the railing (2) to the upper edge (41) of the glass ( 4) a balustrade fence over a large area. 18. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-17, wherein said balustrade glazing system (1) is configured to use a protective / holding profile (42) that is installed or has the ability to be installed on the upper edge (41) of balustrade glazing (4) to retain or support the balustrade glazing during installation time of balustrade glazing (4). 19. The balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the protective / holding profile (42) is h-shaped or contains it. 20. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, in which the protective / holding profile (42) is configured to wedge between the glass (4) of the balustrade fence and the railing (2) to straighten the railing (2). 21. The system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-20, containing a wedge element (13) for straightening the railing (2) in the span, most preferably by wedging the railing (2) upwards relative to the balustrade glass (4) or relative to the protective / holding profile (42) on the balustrade glass (4) . 22. The balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the wedge element (13) comprises a screw, a screw thread or a bolt. 23. System (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs. 1-22, in which the balustrade glazing (4) is attached in the middle span using an elastic adhesive (39) both to the lower part of the material (31) of the lower rail (3) and to the lower part of the protective / holding profile (42) , which is also glued to the bottom of the mounting groove (9) of the railing (2). 24. A multi-storey building in which the system (1) of balustrade glazing according to any one of paragraphs is used. 1-23 for performing balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing on external balconies located on different floors, or for performing roof terraces or terraces on different floors. 25. The multi-storey building according to claim 24, in which the system (1) of balustrade glazing according to claim 12 or 13 is used, and the reinforcing profile (15) is not used in the railing (2) of the lower floors, but is used in the railing (2) of the upper floors .

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