EP3134592B1

EP3134592B1 - Balustrade glazing system and multistore building

Info

Publication number: EP3134592B1
Application number: EP15720785.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ari Laitinen
Original assignee: Skaala Ifn Oy
Current assignee: Skaala Ifn Oy
Priority date: 2014-03-25
Filing date: 2015-03-25
Publication date: 2019-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 2035-03-25
Also published as: WO2015145373A4; RU2016141103A3; FI126567B; RU2672896C2; WO2015145373A1; EP3134592A1; FI20145275A; RU2016141103A

Description

Field of invention

The invention relates more generally to the field of construction, and more specifically to balustrade glazing systems or balustrade and balcony glazing systems.
CZ 302 988 B6 discloses a balustrade glazing system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Technical background

In prior art balustrade glazing, the balustrade is made so that vertical posts placed on the spans support the handrail and receive the forces coming to the handrail. Such forces include internal loads caused by people, wind loads, and pressure and suction loads.
In prior art balustrade glazing which is supported without balustrade posts placed on the spans the balustrade glasses are fastened in a stationary manner at the bottom part to some type of profile (c.f. for example SteelPro's U-profile A60), which is anchored in a stationary manner to the base slab underneath. A corresponding solution is described for example in patent application publication US 2002/0195595 A1 .
Balustrade glazing is known in international patent application publication 2013/162451 A1 , international patent application 96/24739 , United States patent 6,964,410 , Czech patent CZ 302 988 B6 , Czech patent application publication 300 485 , European patent application publication 2 017 399 A1 , and United States patent 4,920,717 .
Balustrade glasses fastened in a stationary manner at their lower part tend to deflect by the loading caused by the forces. In this case, great shearing forces are created by the deflection in the lower part of the glass at the upper part of the stationary fastening, at the interface of the lower rail profile and the glass. Due to these great shearing forces, such balustrade glasses are subject to strict strength requirements. In practice, the strict strength requirements require the use of hardened and thicker glass, for example the use of 6+6 mm hardened glass laminated to each other.

Objective of invention

The objective according to a first aspect of the invention is to enable a reduction in the strength requirements of balustrade glazing implemented without vertical posts placed on the span. This objective can be accomplished by means of a balustrade glazing system according to claim 1. In this way, a building according to claim 21 can be implemented by using more inexpensive balustrade glazing.
The objective according to a second aspect of the invention is to facilitate the installation of the balustrade glazing of the balustrade glazing system. This objective can be accomplished by means of a balustrade system according to the dependent claim 15.
The objective according to a third aspect of the invention is to enable the adjustment of the straightness of the handrail of the balustrade glazing system which has been installed into place. This objective can be accomplished by means of a balustrade system according to the dependent claim 17 or 18.
The other dependent claims describe the preferred aspects of the balustrade system.

Advantages of invention

When an essentially horizontal handrail provided with an installation groove and having a span length of at least 3.0 m and fastened in a stationary manner only at the ends to support structures by means of a support structure fastening system, an essentially horizontal lower rail provided with an installation groove, and balustrade glazing installed essentially in a floating manner on the span between the installation groove of the handrail and the installation groove of the lower rail and made of unhardened and laminated glass, whereby the lower edge of the balustrade glazing rests on the bottom of the installation groove so that the lower edge of the balustrade glazing can essentially move in the installation groove with respect to the width direction of the installation groove, and where the balustrade glazing supports the handrail at the middle area of the span so that the balustrade glazing is freely deflectable by the effect of the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing, and where the lower rail and the handrail are arranged so that the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing directed to the balustrade glass are transmitted to the support structures only via the essentially horizontal rails (3, 2), the balustrade glazing system can be implemented without vertical posts installed on the span by using in the balustrade glazing thinner glass which has weaker strength requirements and even unhardened glass. Unhardened glass can be worked (for example cut), unlike hardened glass. This facilitates installation considerably. As an example, possible dimensional errors (too wide or too high) can be corrected during the installation stage. Moreover, unhardened glass is usually cheaper than hardened glass, at least currently. In the balustrade glazing systems implemented so far, the use of unhardened glass has not been possible without vertical posts placed on the span.
The balustrade glazing system can also comprise balcony glazing suspended from an upper rail of an overhead support structure of the balustrade glazing system, where the balcony glazing is supported at its lower end to the handrail. In this way, it is also possible to implement the balcony glazing using a balustrade glazing system implemented without vertical posts installed on the span, where glass with weaker strength requirements can thus be used in the balcony glazing.
When the balustrade glazing system comprises a guide to be installed in the fastening groove, where the run surface of the guide together with the run surface of the handrail constitutes an even surface along which the slide surface of the lower profile of the balcony glass can be carried so that the balcony glass is runnable against the run surface of the handrail and against the run surface of the guide from the closed position to the open position and vice versa, an even run surface is constituted on the slide surface of the balcony glasses for the opening and closing of the balcony glasses.
When the thickness of the balustrade glazing of the balustrade glazing system is 4+4 mm, 5+5 mm or 6+6 mm, more inexpensive glass thicknesses can be used. When the installation groove of the balcony glazing is constituted by a stationary installation strip integrated into the handrail profile, where the stationary installation strip has an installation groove for a seal to be installed, and by a removable installation strip, which has an installation groove for a seal to be installed, the upper edge of the balustrade glass can be installed in its installation groove from the inside of the balcony. This enhances occupational safety. Moreover, the falling of the balustrade glazing during installation can be prevented better in this way.
When a balustrade glazing system, where the lower rail is fastened to the support structure by means of fastening elements, the lower rail can receive half of the forces in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glass directed to the balustrade glazing.
When an installation groove of the balustrade glass is constituted between seals to be installed in the installation grooves of the lower rail profile, where the installation groove of the balustrade glass is open upwards, the balustrade glazing can be installed from above.
When the seals of the balustrade glazing system are made of or contain rubber-elastic mass, the seals attenuate the movement of the balustrade glass and the sharp impacts caused by the movement, reducing their risk of breakage. When seals are arranged on both sides of the balustrade glazing tightly against the balustrade glazing, the seals also serve in this case as an attenuator of the vibration of the balustrade glazing: when the lower end and/or upper end of the balustrade glazing differs from the position of balance as a result of a force in the direction of its normal, the seal causes a restoring force.
When there is a cavity at both ends of the handrail for the installation of a fastening piece, the fastening of the handrail to the support structures becomes stiff against deflection.
When the handrail is a handrail profile and when a stiffener profile which increases the section modulus has been installed or is installable inside the handrail, where the stiffener profile is fastened to the handrail profile by means of fastening elements, the section modulus of the handrail is increasable, if necessary, without changing the external appearance and/or external dimensions of the handrail and/or by means of a standard-profile handrail profile.
When, in addition to this or as an alternative to this, the handrail is an extrusion, the cross-section of which is constant with the exception of possible fastening lead-throughs, whereby the cavity is usable for accommodating both the fastening pieces and the stiffener profile, both the stiff fastening and the increase in the section modulus of the handrail can be implemented while the external appearance of the handrail remains the same. Moreover, the handrail can be manufactured in a relatively simple manner, for example by means of aluminium extrusion.
When the bottom of the installation groove of the lower rail contains material, the friction coefficient of which is smaller than what the friction coefficient of the interface of the installation of the balustrade glass and the lower rail would be, the sliding of the lower edge of the balustrade glass on the bottom of the lower rail is possible during the deflection of the balustrade glass. In this case, the lower edge of the balustrade glass can, during possible deflection, slide freely on the bottom of the installation groove, whereby the risk of the breakage of the lower edge of the glass is reduced.
When the bottom of the installation of the lower rail contains material, the hardness of which is smaller than the hardness of the balustrade glass, it decreases the wear of the lower part of the balustrade glass and reduces the risk of breakage of the lower edge of the balustrade glass under vertical loading as compared to a metal-glass interface.
When the balustrade glazing system comprises a protective profile which is installable of which has been installed to the upper edge of the balustrade glass in order to lead the vertical forces coming from the handrail to the upper edge of the balustrade glass over a larger area, the risk of breakage of the upper edge of the balustrade glazing can be reduced, because the concentrated forces coming from the handrail are distributed more evenly to the upper edge of the balustrade glazing.
When the balustrade glazing system is configured to use a retaining profile which has been installed or which is installable to the upper edge of the balustrade glazing in order to hold the balustrade glazing or to support the balustrade glazing during the installation of the balustrade glazing, the installation of the balustrade glazing is facilitated, and the balustrade glazing can be installed by just one installer.
When the protective/retaining profile has the shape of an h-profile or comprises it, its shape keeps the balustrade glass reliably in the installation groove during installation, and the installation of the balustrade glazing is facilitated, and the balustrade glazing can be installed by just one installer.
When the protective/retaining profile is wedgeable between the balustrade glass and the handrail in order to straighten the handrail, the straightness of the handrail can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the wedge or wedges.
When the balustrade glazing system comprises a wedge-like element for straightening the handrail on a span, the straightness of the handrail oh the span can be adjusted steplessly. The straightness of the handrail on a span is important for aesthetic reasons in any case, but it is especially important when the balcony glazing is installed on the handrail.
When the wedge-like element comprises a screw, screw thread or bolt, the distance of the handrail and the upper surface of the profile located at the upper edge of the glass can be adjusted steplessly by turning the screw or bolt. The moment required to turn a screw, screw thread or bolt is usually small in relation to the force produced by it, so the screw, screw thread or bolt facilitates the straightening of the relatively heavy handrail.
When the balustrade glazing is fastened at the middle area of the span using elastic adhesive both to the bottom of the material of the lower rail and to the bottom of the protective/fastening profile, which is further glued to the bottom of the installation groove of the handrail, the staying of the balustrade glass in its installation grooves is ensured when forces that tend to raise the handrail upwards are directed to the handrail. However, the elastic adhesive does not prevent the deflection of the balustrade glass.
When the balustrade glazing system is used in a multistorey building in the implementation of the balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing of external balconies located on different storeys or for the implementation or a roof terrace or terraces on different storeys, these can be implemented without posts installed on the spans, using weaker, unhardened glass.
When the building is a multistorey building, where a stiffener profile is not used in the handrails of the lower storeys and where a stiffener profile is used in the handrails of the upper storeys in the balustrade glazing system, the balustrade glazing can be implemented with optimum stiffening while the external appearance of the balustrade glazing remains the same on all storeys.

List of drawings

In what follows, the balustrade glazing system is presented in more detail by means of the exemplary embodiments of the balustrade glazing system shown in drawings FIG 1 to FIG 10. Of the drawings:

FIG 1: shows the cross-section of the balustrade glazing system;
FIG 2: shows cross-section II - II of the balustrade glazing system with balcony glazing shown in FIG 5;
FIG 3a: shows the cross-section of the handrail in a balustrade glazing system without balcony glazing (c.f. FIG 2, item III);
FIG 3b: shows detail III shown in FIG 2, i.e. cross-section of a balustrade glazing system and balcony glazing system which also includes a balcony glass and guide;
FIG 4: shows detail IV shown in FIG 2 of the cross-section of the lower rail;
FIG 5: shows the balustrade glazing system and balcony glazing system seen from the inside;
FIG 6: shows detail VII, i.e. concealed fastening of the balustrade glazing system to the support structure;
FIG 7: shows cross-section VII - VII of the concealed fastening shown in FIG 6;
FIG 8: shows a detail of an alternative fastening of the concealed fastening of the balustrade glazing system to the support structure;
FIG 9: shows cross-section IX - IX of the fastening shown in FIG 8; and
FIG 10: shows a cross-section of an alternative fastening of the lower rail.

The same reference numbers refer to the same parts in all FIG.

Detailed description

Drawing FIG 1 shows the cross-section of a balustrade glazing system 1. The balustrade glazing system 1 is otherwise similar to the balustrade glazing system 1 shown in FIG 2, but balcony glazing 6 has also been installed in the balustrade glazing system 1 of drawing FIG 2. FIG 5 shows the balustrade glazing system and balcony glazing system seen from the inside. The quantity of the balustrade glasses 4 and balcony glasses 60 can vary.
The balustrade glazing system 1 comprises an essentially horizontal handrail 2 provided with an installation groove 9 and having a span length of at least 3.0 m and fastened in a stationary manner only at the ends to support structures 8 by means of a support structure fastening system 7, and an essentially horizontal lower rail 3 where an installation groove 38 has been arranged in the lower rail profile 30 of the lower rail 3. Moreover, the balustrade glazing system comprises balustrade glazing 4 installed essentially in a floating manner on the span between the installation groove 9 of the handrail and the installation groove 38 of the lower rail, which balustrade glazing 4 supports the handrail 2 at the middle area of the span so that the balustrade glazing 4 is freely deflectable by the effect of the forces in the direction of the normal F of the balustrade glazing 4, and where the lower rail 3 and the handrail 2 are arranged so that the forces in the direction of the normal F of the balustrade glazing 4 directed to the balustrade glass 4 are transmitted to the support structures 5 and 8 only via the essentially horizontalrails 3 and 2.
The expression "essentially horizontal" means a horizontal direction where the deviation from the horizontal direction remains within the limits permitted by standards valid at the time of examination.
Free deflection here means that seals 20a, 20b at the lower end of the balustrade glass 4 and correspondingly seals 20a at the upper end serve as support lines. When the force F pulls or pushes the balustrade glass 4 outwards or inwards, the upper edge and the lower edge of the balustrade glass 4 can move somewhat in the respective installation groove 9, 38 when the balustrade glass 4 turns around the respective support line.
Drawing FIG 2 shows the balustrade glazing system 1 in section II - II (see FIG 5), onto which balustrade glazing system 1 balcony glazing 6 is integrated. The balcony glazing 6 comprises a number of balcony glasses 60. In this case, the balustrade glazing system 1 comprises balcony glazing 6 suspended from an upper rail 61 of an overhead support structure 62 of the balustrade glazing system 1, where the balcony glazing 6 is supported at its lower end to the handrail 2. The handrail 2 carries one half of the forces in the direction of the normal F of the balcony glazing 6 directed both to the balustrade glazing 4 and one half of these forces directed to the possible balcony glazing 6.
Drawing FIG 3b shows a balustrade glazing system 1 which also comprises a guide 50 to be installed in the fastening groove 17, where the run surface 25 of the guide 50 together with the run surface 27 of the handrail constitutes an even surface along which the slide surface 26 of the lower profile 63 of the balcony glass 60 can be carried so that the balcony glasses 60 are runnable against the run surface 27 of the handrail 2 and against the run surface 25 of the guide 50 from the closed position to the open position and vice versa.
Unhardened and laminated glass is used as the balustrade glazing 4. The thickness of the glass is 4 to 12 mm (e.g. 4+4 mm, 5+5 mm or 6+6 mm).
FIG 3a shows a balustrade glazing system 2 without balcony glazing 6. The installation groove 9 of the balcony glazing 4 is constituted by a stationary installation strip 22 integrated into the handrail profile 10, where the stationary installation strip 22 has an installation groove 18a for a seal 20a to be installed, and by a removable installation strip 11, which has an installation groove 18b for a seal 20a to be installed. The removable installation strip 11 is fastened to the handrail 2 by means of a fastening element 12. The seals 20a are installed into place before installation. The handrail profile 10 and the removable installation strip 11 are cut to the pre-determined dimension before bringing them to the installation site. The seals 20a are usually installed at the factory after the cutting of the handrail profile 10 and the removable installation strip 11. FIG 3b shows a handrail 10, into which balcony glazing 6 has been integrated. In this case, the possible cover 21 which has been in the handrail 10 (FIG 3a) has been removed. Moreover, guide 50 has been installed in the installation groove 17 of the handrail 2 at a location suitable to the opening of the balcony glass 60, along which guide 50 the balcony glasses can be opened and closed.
FIG 4 shows a cross-section of the lower rail 3. The lower rail 3 is fastened to the support structure 5 by means of fastening elements 32. Between the lower rail 3 and the support structure 5, there can be an installation bracket of metal 33 shown for example in FIG 4 for the installation or for the adjustment of the installation, to which installation bracket of metal 33 the lower rail 2 is fastened by means of fastening elements 32. The installation bracket of metal 33 is fastened to the support structure 5 by means of fastening elements 34. There can be a washer 35 between the fastening element 34 and the angle bracket of metal 33. The angle bracket of metal 33 can have oval holes for the fastening elements 34 and 32 both for fastening the lower rail 30 to the installation bracket of metal and for fastening the installation bracket of metal 33 to the support structure 5. By means of the oval holes, the balustrade glazing 4 can be adjusted both in the depth direction and height direction of the balcony. If the fastening element 34 is a concrete screw, it can have an integrated washer 35. FIG 10 shows an alternative fastening of the lower rail 3 to the support structure 5, where the lower rail 3 is fastened directly to the support structure 5 by means of a fastening element 44.
An installation groove 38 of the balustrade glass 4 is constituted between seals 20a and 20b to be installed in the installation grooves 36 of the lower rail profile 30, where the installation groove 38 is open upwards. The seal 20a is installed into place in the installation groove 36 after the lower rail profile 30 has been cut to the pre-determined dimension before installation. The cutting of the lower rail profile 30 and the installation of the seal 20a are usually performed at the factory. The internal seal 20b of the balustrade glazing 4 is installed into place after the installation of the balustrade glazing 4. The seal 20b is used for sealing and centering the lower part of the balustrade glazing 4 in the installation groove 38 of the lower rail 3.
The seals 20a, 20b can be of rubber-elastic mass, for example rubber. The seals 20a, 20b are most preferably made of or contain EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene monometer (M-class)).
FIG 6 shows detail VII of the balcony glazing and balustrade glazing shown in FIG 5, and FIG 6 describes concealed fastening. A fastening plate 101 is fastened to the support structure 8 by means of a fastening element 105, after which the handrail profile 10 is lowered onto it through the opening 106 made in the profile, presented in FIG 7, and fastened to the fastening plate 101 at the side by means of a fastening element 102 and at the top by means of fastening elements 103.
FIG 7 shows section VII - VII of the fastening of the handrail 2 shown in FIG 6. FIG 7 shows that there is a cavity 107 at both ends of the handrail 2 for the installation of a fastening piece 101. The fastening pieces 101 are installed in the support structures 8 by means of fastening elements 105 before the installation of the handrail 2. An opening 106 has been made in the cross-sectional surface of the handrail profile 10, through which opening 106 the handrail 2 is lowered onto the fastening pieces 101. The handrail 2 is fastened at the side and at the top by means of fastening elements 102 (e.g. hexagonal socket head screw M6x30 ST) and 103 (e.g. pop rivet 4.2x13 ST). FIG 8 and FIG 9 show an alternative fastening of the handrail 2 to the support structure 8, where a fastening bracket of metal is fastened to the support structure 8 means of fastening elements 108 and washers 109, and the handrail is fastened onto the installation bracket of metal 104 by means of fastening elements 110.
A stiffener profile 15 which increases the section modulus has been installed or is installable inside the handrail profile 10 of the handrail 2, which stiffener profile 15 is fastened to the cavity 107 (FIG 3a) of the handrail profile 10 by means of fastening elements 16.
The handrail 2 is an extrusion, the cross-section of which is constant with the exception of possible fastening lead-throughs, whereby the cavity 107 is usable for accommodating both the fastening plates 101 (see FIG 7) and the stiffener profile 15 (see FIG 3a). The stiffener profile 15 can be solid (e.g. bar-like) or open (e.g. tubular).
The bottom of the installation groove 38 of the lower rail 3 contains material 31 (e.g. plastic), the hardness of which is smaller than the hardness of the balustrade glass 4 and the friction coefficient of which is smaller than the friction coefficient of the balustrade glazing 4 and of the installation groove 38 of the lower rail 3. In the example, the material 31 is shaped into the shape of a U-profile. The material is installed into place to the bottom of the lower rail profile 30, where it locks under the shoulders 45 in the lower rail profile 31.
The purpose of the protective/fastening profile 42 which is installable or which has been installed to the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 is to lead the vertical forces coming from the handrail 2 to the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 over a larger area.
The balustrade glazing system 1 is configured to use a protective/retaining profile 42 which has been installed or which is installable to the upper edge 41 of the balustrade glazing 4 in order to hold the balustrade glazing or to support the balustrade glazing during the installation of the balustrade glazing 4. In this case, the protective/retaining profile 42 can preferably have the shape of an h-profile.
The protective/retaining profile 42 can be used for straightening the handrail 2 by wedging it between the balustrade glass 4 and the handrail 2. In this case, the balustrade glazing system 1 preferably comprises a wedge-like element 13 for straightening the handrail 4 on a span.
The wedge-like element 13 can be a screw or bolt or comprise one.
The balustrade glazing system 1 is used in a multistorey building in the implementation of the balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing of external balconies located on different storeys or for the implementation or a roof terrace or terraces on different storeys. In this case it is preferably not necessary to use a stiffener profile 15 in the handrails 2 of the lower storeys of the building, and a stiffener profile 15 can be used in the handrails 2 of the upper storeys.
The balustrade glazing 4 is fastened at the middle area of the span using elastic adhesive 39 (e.g. silicone-type adhesives such as Sikaflex®-221 or Sikaflex®-222 UV) both to the bottom of the material 31 of the lower rail 3 and to the bottom of the protective/fastening profile 42, which is further glued to the bottom of the installation groove 9 of the handrail 2.
When calculating the deflection of the handrail 2, the loads are calculated in accordance with Eurocodes. Such Eurocodes include European standard 1991-1-1 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Part 1-1: General actions - Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings, and European standard 1991-1-4 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions.
According to the Eurocodes, balustrade glasses 4 and balcony glazing 6 must be dimensioned to withstand wind pressure on the basis of the height of the building in question and the terrain category in question.
As an example, in a building which is 20 m high and has a terrain category of 0, the wind pressure to be used in the dimensioning is 1.25 kN/m². In a building which is 40 m high and has a terrain category of 1, the wind pressure to be used in the dimensioning is 1.01 kN/m².
By means of the balustrade glazing system 1 according to the invention, manufactured as a prototype, the balustrade glazing can be implemented in a building which is 20 m high (terrain category 0) for example when the width of the balcony is 4.6 m or less. By means of the balustrade glazing system 1 according to the invention, manufactured as a prototype, the balustrade glazing can be implemented in a building which is as high as 40 m high (terrain category 1) when the width of the balcony is 6 m or less. In the cases of the numerical figures presented here, the balustrade glazing system 1 also comprises balcony glazing 6 above the handrail 2. The wind load is illustrated in the drawings by the force F in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing 4.
In some locations, for example in Helsinki, building supervision authorities give guidelines concerning the maximum permitted deflection of the handrail. When this is being written, this value in Helsinki is 25 mm. The maximum deflection of the balustrade glazing system 1 according to the invention, manufactured as a prototype, in the above-mentioned cases is smaller than or equal to the maximum permitted deflection.
In these cases, the handrail 2 is strengthened at least on the uppermost storeys by means of a stiffener profile 15. When implemented in this way, the balustrade and balcony glazing system can be used for implementing balustrade and balcony glazing of the types presented in the enclosed examples, conforming to the Eurocodes and building regulations.

List of reference numbers used:

S: inner side of balustrade glazing
U: outer side of balustrade glazing
F: force in the direction of the normal of the balustrade glazing
1: balustrade glazing system
2: handrail
3: lower rail
4: balustrade glass
5: support structure
6: balcony glazing
7: support structure fastening system
8: support structure (e.g. wall, facade, side edge)
9: installation groove
10: handrail profile
11: removable installation strip
12: fastening element
13: wedge-shaped element
15: stiffener profile
16: fastening element
17: fastening groove
18a: installation groove
18b: installation groove
19: locking cavity
20a: seal
20b: seal
21: cover
22: stationary installation strip
23: threaded hole
24: seal
25: run surface
26: slide surface
27: run surface
28: oval hole
29: oval hole
30: lower rail profile
31: material
32: fastening element
33: installation bracket of metal
34: fastening element
35: washer
36: installation groove
37: bottom of U-profile
38: installation groove
39: elastic adhesive
40: lower edge of balustrade glass
41: upper edge of balustrade glass
42: protective/retaining profile
43: covering profile
44: fastening element
45: shoulder
50: guide
60: balcony glass
61: upper rail
62: support structure
63: lower profile
101: fastening plate
102: fastening element
103: fastening element
104: installation bracket of metal
105: fastening element
106: opening made in the profile
107: cavity
108: fastening element
109: washer
110: fastening element

Claims

A balustrade glazing system (1), comprising:
- an essentially horizontal handrail (2) provided with an installation groove (9) and having a span length of at least 3.0 m and fastened in a stationary manner only at the ends to support structures (8) by means of a support structure fastening system (7);

- an essentially horizontal lower rail (3) provided with an installation groove (38);

- balustrade glazing (4) made of laminated glass and installed essentially in a floating manner on the span between the installation groove (9) of the handrail and the installation groove (38) of the lower rail, whereby the lower edge (40) of the balustrade glazing (4) rests on the bottom of the installation groove (38) so that the lower edge (40) of the balustrade glazing (4) can essentially move in the installation groove (38) with respect to the width direction of the installation groove (38);
and where:
- the balustrade glazing (4) supports the handrail (2) at the middle area of the span so that the balustrade glazing (4) is freely deflectable by the effect of the forces in the direction of the normal (F) of the balustrade glazing (4);
characterised in that
- said balustrade glazing (4) is made of unhardened and laminated glass; and

- the lower rail (3) and the handrail (2) are arranged so that the forces in the direction of the normal (F) of the balustrade glazing (4) directed to the balustrade glass (4) are transmitted to the support structures (5, 8) only via the essentially horizontal rails (3, 2).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 1, wherein: the support structure fastening system (7) is a concealed fastening, especially such that the support structure fastening system (7) is located within the lateral end of the handrail (2).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the support structure fastening system (7) comprises a fastening plate (101) fastened to the support structure (8) by means of a fastening element (105), after which a handrail profile (10) of the handrail (2) has been lowered onto it through an opening (106) in the handrail profile (10).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: the support structure fastening system (7) leaves both lateral ends of the balustrade glazing (4) free such that the balustrade glazing (4) is freely deflectable.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4, which balustrade glazing system (1) also comprises balcony glazing (6) suspended from an upper rail (61) of an overhead support structure (62) of the balustrade glazing system (1), where the balcony glazing (6) is supported at its lower end to the handrail (2).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 5, which balustrade glazing system (1) also comprises a guide (50) which has been installed or which is installable in the fastening groove (17) of the handrail (2), where the run surface (25) of the guide (50) together with the run surface (27) of the handrail (2) constitutes an even surface along which the slide surface (26) of the lower profile (63) of the balcony glass (60) can be carried so that the balcony glass (60) is runnable against the run surface (27) of the handrail (2) and against the run surface (25) of the guide (50) from the closed position to the open position and vice versa.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 6, where the thickness of the balustrade glazing (4) is 4+4 mm, 5+5 mm or 6+6 mm.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 7, where the installation groove (9) of the balcony glazing (4) is constituted by a stationary installation strip (22) integrated into the handrail profile (10), where the stationary installation strip (22) has an installation groove (18a) for a seal (20a), and by a removable installation strip(11), which has an installation groove (18b) for a seal (20a).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 8, where the lower rail (3) is fastened to the support structure (5) by means of fastening elements (32).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 9, where an installation groove (38) of the balustrade glass (4) is constituted between seals (20a, 20b) to be installed in the installation grooves (36) of the lower rail profile (30), which installation groove (38) is open upwards.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to claims 8 and 10, where the seals (20a, 20b) are made of or contain rubber-elastic mass.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 11, where there is a cavity (107) at both ends of the handrail (2) for the installation of a fastening piece (101).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 12, where the handrail (2) is a handrail profile (10), and a stiffener profile (15) which increases the section modulus has been installed or is installable inside the handrail (2), and which stiffener profile (15) is fastened to the cavity (107) of the handrail profile (2) by means of fastening elements (16).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to claims 12 and 13, where the handrail (2) is an extrusion, the cross-section of which is constant with the exception of possible fastening lead-throughs, whereby the cavity (107) is usable for accommodating both the fastening plates (101) and the stiffener profile (15).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 14, where the bottom of the installation groove (38) of the lower rail (3) contains material (31), the friction coefficient of which is smaller than the friction coefficient of the balustrade glazing (4) and of the installation groove (38) of the lower rail (3).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 15, where the bottom of the installation groove (38) of the lower rail (3) contains material (31), the hardness of which is smaller than the hardness of the balustrade glazing (4).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 16, which balustrade glazing system (1) also comprises a protective profile (42) which is installable or which has been installed to the upper edge (41) of the balustrade glass (4) in order to lead the vertical forces coming from the handrail (2) to the upper edge (41) of the balustrade glass (4) over a larger area.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 17, where the balustrade glazing system (1) is configured to use a protective/retaining profile (42) which has been installed or which is installable to the upper edge (41) of the balustrade glazing (4) in order to hold the balustrade glazing or to support the balustrade glazing during the installation of the balustrade glazing (4).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to claim 17 or 18, where the protective/retaining profile (42) has the shape of an h-profile or comprises it.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 17 to 19, where the protective/retaining profile (42) is wedgeable between the balustrade glass (4) and the handrail (2) in order to straighten the handrail (2).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 20, which balustrade glazing system (1) comprises a wedge-like element (13) for straightening the handrail (2) on a span, most preferably by wedging the handrail (2) upwards against the balustrade glass (4) or against the protective/retaining profile (42) on the balustrade glass (4).
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to claims 20 and 21, where the wedge-like element (13) comprises a screw, screw thread or bolt.
A balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 22, where the balustrade glazing (4) is fastened at the middle area of the span using elastic adhesive (39) both to the bottom of the material (31) of the lower rail (3) and to the bottom of the protective/fastening profile (42), which is further glued to the bottom of the installation groove (9) of the handrail (2).
A multistorey building, where the balustrade glazing system (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 23 is used in the implementation of the balustrade glazing or balustrade and balcony glazing of external balconies located on different storeys or for the implementation or a roof terrace or terraces on different storeys.
A multistorey building according to claim 24, where the balustrade glazing system (1) used is according to claim 12 or 13 and where a stiffener profile (15) is not used in the handrails (2) of the lower storeys and where a stiffener profile (15) is used in the handrails (2) of the upper storeys.