RO125978B1 - Curtain facade - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a curtain facade used for the exterior closing of a building. According to the invention, the facade consists of some pillars (A) fixed to some floors (1) of a bearing structure of a building by some attaching and fastening elements (2 and 3), respectively, on the pillars (A) there being fixed by some self-cutting screws (20), some fastening elements (21) permitting the mounting of some cross-beams (22) provided with some fastening limiters (23), which cross the pillars (A), forming together some window openings (B) wherein some thermopane glass windows (30) or polyurethane foam windows (31) are mounted, by means of some intermediate blocks (32) they rest onto, the mounting thereof being achieved by means of some fastening elements (33), some gaskets (34), some screws (35) and some clips (36), the fastening element (3) having two sides (3' and 3''), a long side and a short side, arranged at an angle of 90° to one another, on the long side (3') there being cut two parallel oblong cutouts (a) of the same length and two cylindrical seats (b), while on the short side (3'') there are cut two parallel oblong cutouts (c) of the same length, the oblong shape being about a longitudinal axis, the two sides (3' and 3'') being stiffened by means of two triangle-shaped plates (4).

Description

The invention relates to a curtain facade, which presents, in its composition, a set of metallic elements, which ensures the connection between the structural system of resistance of the curtain facade and the structure of resistance of a building.

Curtain facades or curtain walls are aluminum and glass systems, with a continuous structure on the facades of buildings, intended to replace traditional solutions, made of brick or reinforced concrete, and perform exterior aesthetic closures, maintaining the quality of thermal, sound and architectural design. facades.

The solution of exterior closure of buildings is a system that involves reducing the costs of execution, reducing the duration of commissioning, increasing the capacity of resistance and stability, and increasing the thermal and sound comfort of the constructions.

Through the design and execution of the curtain facades, the following will be followed:

- limiting the damage of resistance components of the glazed curtain wall systems and removing the dangers of collapse of the whole assembly, in order to avoid the loss of human life or the serious injury of the people (in particular, as a result of breaking the windows) and limiting the material damage;

- creation of facades with a special aesthetic, which respond to the architectural requirements imposed by the owners of the building;

- the use of products of the quality of those provided for in the specialized projects (quality certified both by technical approvals, by the technical requirements and responsibilities, as well as by specific experimental determinations, imposed by the designer through the Specifications);

- strictly applying the execution technologies specific to the glazed curtain wall system that has been selected.

The glazed curtain wall systems are used both for new constructions and for the remodeling of the facades of existing constructions, contributing, in association with the possible consolidation works, to changing the appearance of the building, bringing a new architectural expression in the area of the construction site.

under the conditions of resistance and stability and ensuring the durability requirements in operation, the curtain wall systems must guarantee all the requirements of the exterior walls of the buildings, provided that they obtain additional advantages regarding:

- creating a new way of expressing architecture, which transforms the classic wall idea into a multi-function type screen system, giving the buildings supple, elegance and comfort;

- reducing the total weight of the construction, with favorable effects on the more economical dimensioning of the elements of its structural system, especially in areas with high seismicity;

- thermal and acoustic insulation, watertightness of precipitation water and infiltration produced by the dynamic action of the wind;

- increasing the useful surface of the constructions, to the same built surface;

- the industrialized execution of the component elements, for the entire facade;

- high precision and high productivity assembly;

- ensuring the possibilities of dismantling components not only from the outside, but also from inside the constructions;

- easy maintenance and a lower cost, compared to the one required by the regular maintenance of traditional wall finishes.

Curtain façade systems are complex products, designed, dimensioned and made from the following components, which allow the systems to adapt to many variants, technical and architectural conditions:

- own structural system, consisting of uprights (vertical elements) and treads / crossbars (horizontal elements);

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- panels mounted on their own structural system, which can be: transparent 1-glass panels (fixed or mobile) or opaque panels;

- fixing, fastening, sealing and finishing devices (special parts for fastening the 3 uprights of the structure of the structure of the building, gaskets and grouts);

- thermal insulated windows.5 In other ideas, the curtain facades are composed of the following elements, defined as follows: 7

- elements of resistance or structure of resistance of the system;

- fasteners and seals, 9

- architectural elements.

The strength structure of a curtain facade system consists of the following 11 components:

- uprights (vertical elements), 13

- crossbars / spacer (horizontal elements);

- special devices with supporting role on the strength structure of the building.15

The uprights, as the main element in the structural system of resistance of the curtain facades, completely transfer the external loads, applied to the system, to the resistance structure of 17 buildings.

The spacer rails or crossbars transfer part of the loadings of the closing panels to the uprights.

The assemblies and sleepers are made of a single profile or two coupled profiles, 21 elements having special configurations, to ensure the drainage and ventilation of the aluminum structural systems, the sections of the profiles resulting from a dimensioning calculation. 23 On the vertical, between two competing uprights, there is an expansion joint (<10 cm), at the moment zero point, the joints being provided with slats, of treated aluminum (dural - 25 minium), which are mechanically assembled, by means of screws. These screws are applied to the underside of the expansion joint, thus allowing free expansion of the upright. 27

This assembly functions as a support for the upright, being defined as a single support or movable joint.29 together with the other support, formed as a double support or fixed joint, the resulting structure is from the standpoint of the static scheme: static determined.31

On this static scheme, the sizing calculation of the upright and the fixing part of the upright of the structure of the building structure is established.33

Vertical assembly of competing aluminum profiles is made by means of special connecting parts, called eclipses, and the attachment of the uprights by the structural load bearing structure of the building is made by specific devices, which ensure the conditions of resistance and adjustment. . 37

The clamping devices are elements, which together with the uprights and crossbars, make up the structural system of resistance of the curtain facade, ensuring the support of the uprights 39 of the structure of the construction.

These special mounting devices, also called uprights of the uprights, 41 transmit to the structural system of the construction the forces related to the curtain wall systems, arising from gravitational loads, wind pressure loads (pressures or 43 suction loads), seismic loads and, possibly, , other uploads or models of other actions. Specify: 45

- the support devices are provided with oval holes, which allow an elastic clamping of the curtain wall system from the structural system of the construction, ensuring the possibility of displacements with reduced values during strong seismic movements, but also the possibility of perfectly vertical and horizontal alignment of the wall. curtain, in order to take over the 49 dimensional deviations of the structural system of the construction;

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- the size of the support devices is determined by the weight of the windows and, as the case may be, by the deviations of the structural system of the construction on which the curtain wall is mounted;

- the supporting devices will be fixed by the structural system of the building by means of anchors - connected, dimensioned to the efforts in the service sections, so that the contact between the concrete front and the applied supporting device must be intimate, so that the anchors can only take over the efforts stretch in the anchor rod or cutting force, no bending effects.

The closing and sealing elements of the curtain wall are:

- transparent glass panels;

- opaque panels;

- the gaskets;

- thermal barrier;

- press profiles;

- the elements for perimeter closures.

The architectural elements that define the architectural design of the curtain façade are:

- sunshades;

- the elliptical aluminum profiles, which are mounted by clips on the press member and which have different shapes and sizes;

- grid panels ect.

Curtain wall systems are required to meet functional and structural requirements.

Because the present invention is an application in the structural system of resistance of curtain facades, we will define the structural requirements, as follows:

- strength and stability of curtain wall systems, correlated with:

- the ability not to damage, as a result of the static or dynamic deformation of the supporting structure of the building.

Being part of the constructions with the role of exterior closures, exterior cladding and interior partitions, the curtain façade systems should be treated as elements that contribute to the stability of the construction, to the aesthetic appearance and to the tightness of the buildings, in order to achieve thermal, sound comfort and exterior design and their interior.

The solutions adopted for the construction of curtain walls may differ, according to several criteria:

- the material of its own structural system (aluminum or steel);

- how to support them on the structural system of the building (in their plan, respectively, on their plan);

- rigidity (especially in their plan);

- the eventual continuity (in their plan or normally on it), on several panels.

The main requirements, regarding the behavior under normal loads on the plane of the curtain walls, are:

- preservation of the sealing properties;

- ensuring the transmission, in good conditions, of the horizontal forces to the structural system of the construction;

- avoiding damage to the curtain walls, due to the deformations imposed by the deformation of the supporting system of the building, in particular, if the solution is designed in such a way that continuity can be achieved on several panels;

- Avoid damage to installations or equipment that are in close proximity to the curtain walls or in contact with them.

Particular attention will be paid to the systems of curtain facades, which have in their composition glass panels, due to the absence of the ability of elastic breakdown of the glass. The glass deformation of the glass is very low, so that the deformation of the system appears

RO 125978 Β1 structural of the curtain wall shall not exceed the deformation capacity of the 1 glass panels. This is the main condition, which establishes the design and dimensioning of the structural system of resistance of the curtain facade. 3

For the systems of curtain façades, different solutions of support-binding to the structural system of the construction can be adopted. These can be differentiated from the point of view of the transmission of loads acting on the plane of curtain wall systems. The connection of the curtain wall to the structural system of the construction is done by fixing the uprights, at level 7 of the floors, in the special support devices, fixed by them. If an upright profile crosses two levels (the beam on three supports), it is necessary that the intermediate support device 9 also allows the axial expansion of the upright profiles.

In order to complete the curtain wall system, 11 system failure-failure modes of the system must be checked and analyzed.

The main failure-failure modes, determined by the loads applied in the plane 13 of a curtain wall, are of the following types:

- yields determined by forces (usually, inertia forces), due to the lack of sufficient resistance 15 (of a panel or of the clamping system), in relation to the forces developed in the plane of the panel (seismic inertia forces in case of strong earthquakes); 17

- the yield caused by the deformations imposed, due to the overcoming, by the deformations of the structural system of the construction and / or a panel, of the limits that the support solution 19 and of admitting a relative displacement between the panel and the main structure allows. These refer to the effects of the deformation of the construction during the overall oscillations, of its 21, respectively, to the influence of the temperature action.

The main cases of damage, determined by the loads applied normally on the plane of the façade 23, are of the following nature:

- failure of a panel, as a bent plate; 25

- assignment of the clamping system.

The curtain façade systems, including their attachments to the structural systems of the 27 buildings, shall be designed and installed so that, during their execution and during their operation, none of the following events occur: 29

- total collapse of the curtain wall system;

- partial / local collapse of the curtain wall system, 31

- destruction of glass panels;

- damage to the clamping and sealing systems, 33

- total limitation or blocking of the possibilities of opening-closing of the movable elements, 35

- vibrations whose intensity is unacceptable for normal operation of curtain wall systems.37

For the proper functioning, in terms of strength, stability and comfort, the deformations of the component elements of the curtain walls must not exceed the level 39 of elastic deformations, the load-deformation ratio must be linear and directly proportional. Going beyond the threshold of the elasticity zone of the deformations, the increase of the value of the deformations is much faster than the increase of the value of the loads.

A very important role in the good functioning of this ensemble, regarding the solution of 43 problems of resistance and stability, of comfort and of architectural design, has the elements of hanging, grasping or restoring of the structures of resistance, specific to the curtain facades, 45 of the structural system of strength of buildings.

In the solution provided by the supplier of aluminum profiles and accessories systems, the installation, in the reinforced concrete structural element of the building, of steel pieces Ω, provided with prisms, is specified for their fixing by the reinforcement of the resistance structure. 49

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From this piece, another special element made of duraluminum, which has the geometrical characteristics according to fig. 2.

The assembly of the two parts is done mechanically, with φ14 screws with nuts and Grover washers.

In many cases, the supplier and the curtain wall installer prefers to remove, from the presented assembly, the piece Ω, by holding the element in fig. 2, by connection, directly from the structure of resistance of the building.

The presented assembly works, for the glazed façade uprights, as a support device, more precisely, as a cylindrical or flat joint type support, allowing rotation and movement of the upright only in its plane or in its axial direction (the moment in this support equals zero) .

These types of knots or joints have some disadvantages:

- fitting the pieces Ω in the elements of the structure of the building structure is a difficult operation, the anchoring of the pieces Ω, of reinforcement, is difficult, there being the risk of moving the parts during the pouring of concrete;

- does not present the guarantee of the perfect anchoring of the elements Ω, there being the danger of their snatch under the load of the curtain wall;

- the ability of the elements of the joint to retrieve from the defects and geometrical deviations of the supporting structure of the building is reduced (maximum 5 cm);

- this type of support cannot be applied to old buildings, in this case, the piece Ω is eliminated from the support system;

- the installation of the piece is done from the outside of the building, from the scaffolding, thus increasing the costs of the curtain facade;

- there is the danger of cracking or breaking the concrete in the areas adjacent to the piece Ω, at the time of its request.

Therefore, for many projects, the supplier or the executor of the curtain walls prefers to remove, from the presented support assembly, the piece Ω, the mounting of the supporting element being realized directly on the resistance element of the building, the fixing being executed mechanically, by connection.

From the patent R0117632, a curtain façade is known, made of uprights fastened by floors by means of fasteners and fasteners, on uprights being fixed, with self-tapping screws, some fasteners, which allow mounting, on them, of the sleepers, aligned and fixed to the uprights by means of pin fastening and locking stops, in the formed mesh, by mounting insulating windows and windows with polyurethane foam, by means of fasteners, gaskets, screws and clips.

Also known from patent R0113172, a set of metal elements for fastening ornamental plates, provided with connecting parts, which are fixed to the facade of a building, by means of dowels, and on which are mounted vertical uprights, which support some horizontal uprights. , upper and lower, on the horizontal, lower uprights, fixing, with screws and sliding nuts, some consoles, on which end fixing clips are fixed, and on the upper, horizontal uprights, fixing clips in the field a ornamental plates.

The problem solved by the present invention is the elimination of the aforementioned disadvantages and the application of a joint system, which by its solutions solves all equations of resistance, stability, alignment and mounting in the direction of the three axes.

The curtain facade, according to the invention, is made from fixed uprights, in a first embodiment, from the slabs of the construction's resistance structure, by means of fasteners and fasteners, or by means of connecting parts in another. embodiment, which allows mounting of sleepers aligned with fixing stops, which

RO 125978 Β1 intersects with the uprights, forming, together, glass mesh, in which 1 thermopan windows or polyurethane foam windows are mounted, by means of intermediary paths on which they are supported, the installation being made by means of fasteners, gaskets, 3 screws and clips, and in which a fastening element consists of a long side and a short side, arranged between them at 90 °, the long side having two elongated cuts, parallel to each other, 5 of the same length, with the elongation in along the longitudinal axis of the fastener and two cylindrical seats for alignment, and on the short side, having two elongated cuts, 7 parallel, of the same size, having the elongation along the longitudinal axis, straightening in the longitudinal plane, in the zz direction of the two sides, the long and the short, being made 9 with two triangular churches, and in which, a connecting element has a long side and a short side, disposed at 90 °, one against the other, on the long side, towards the free end of this line, being processed two elongated cuts, parallel and of the same size, and next to them, on the longitudinal axis, is provided a single cylindrical cut, on the short side 13 of the connecting piece, towards the outside thereof, being disposed centrally, transversely and perpendicularly two wings spaced apart, which are rectangular in shape, having the width 15 smaller than the length of the short side, the length of each length being greater than half the width of a post, both fins being machined, centrally and parallel to the 17 longitudinal axis of the connecting piece, an elongated cut, which allows the adjustment, in a horizontal direction, of the post. 19

The main advantages of the system are:

- participates in fulfilling the conditions of stability and durability, imposed by the type of construction, the environmental conditions, the level of performance and the level of insurance of the building, leading to the development of curtain wall systems of a great variety and diversity 23 architecture;

- technologies and fastening devices increase the level of insurance and performance 25 of the curtain wall, being an economical and safe clamping system, leading to slimmer, braver and more efficient façades in terms of safety and protection;

- the ease and simplicity of setting up these systems lead to a significant increase in the productivity of the work;

- taking over all the minor or major imperfections of the resistance elements of the 31 building;

- the reduction of the installation and alignment costs of the metal parts, which make up the 33 support nodes, reduces the costs of the exterior glass facades;

- this clamping system can be applied to both new and old buildings, 35 where solutions with aluminum and glass exterior facades can replace, without problems, the classic facades.37 In the following, an example of Embodiment of the invention, in connection with FIG. 1 ... 17, which represents: 39

FIG. 1, front view of the curtain facade;

FIG. 2, section through the curtain wall, next to the door mounting; 41

FIG. 3, a space view of the mounting bracket;

FIG. 4, axonometric view of the fastener of the first embodiment 43 of the facade;

FIG. 5, axonometric view of the clamping element of the first variant;

FIG. 6, axonometric view of the connecting part, according to the second variant of the façade; 47

FIG. 7, a space view of the mounting mode of the upright, according to the second embodiment;

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FIG. 8, horizontal section through a upright, in the first variant;

FIG. 9, detail next to the bolt for fixing the upright in the fastening element;

FIG. 10, section near a junction between the upright and the cross member;

FIG. 11, detail at the end of a crossbar;

FIG. 12, vertical section next to the cross-beams with direct connection;

FIG. 13, vertical section through the right of the sleepers to the curtain façade;

FIG. 14, horizontal section through a corner upright at 180 °;

FIG. 15, section through a door knob for the curtain façade;

FIG. 16, the diagram of cutting forces and moments;

FIG. 17, the static scheme, for this type of support.

The curtain façade, according to the invention, is composed of some A-pillars, fixed by some floors 1 of the structure of resistance of a construction.

In a first embodiment of the curtain façade, the mounting of the A-pillars, of the floors 1, is done by means of some fastening elements 2, fixed on some fastening elements 3, mounted, previously, on the floors 1.

A fastening element 3, according to fig. 4, it is made of metal sheet, 5-6 mm thick. It consists of two sides perpendicular to one another, a long side 3 'and a short side 3, arranged between them at 90 °, so as to form an L-shaped element, having the two sides 3' and 3 unequal. . The fastening element 3 rests, with the long side 3 ', on the structural element of resistance of the construction and is caught by it, in the expansion connection, forming a knot.

On the short side 3 of the knot element, the fastening element 2 of the upright A is mounted, forming a support assembly.

The long side 3 'is provided with two elongated cuts a, arranged longitudinally, parallel to each other, having the same size and having the elongation along the longitudinal axis. On both sides of the elongated cuts a, two longitudinal axes are processed along the longitudinal axis b. These cylindrical housings b are intended to lock the element 3 after alignment.

The short side 3 is also provided with some c-shaped elongated cuts, but smaller in length than the a-cuts, parallel to each other, having the same size and having the elongation along the longitudinal axis of the fastener 3.

At the combination of the two sides 3 'and 3, on both sides of them, there are provided triangular slabs 4, which have the role of ridicule in the longitudinal plane, in the z-z direction of the two sides 3' and 3 between them. The configuration of the fastener 3 derives from the requirements of resistance, stability and safety in operation, of the support node.

In order to avoid sliding or moving horizontally, in the x-x direction, of the fastener 3, under the action of external loads or loads, it is blocked, by inserting, in the locking slot b, a spandrel connection with a diameter of 0.14 mm.

The introduction of a new connection increases the resistance to the action of the cutting force or the extension of the connections, thus avoiding the danger of breaking the support elements and collapsing the curtain facade.

Because the contact area between the two sides 3 'and 3, of the element 3, is a sensitive area, exposed to the danger of cracking or rupture, it is necessary to ensure it by mounting the two plates 4. Rigidizing the fastener 3, by mounting the plates 4, eliminates , at the same time, the occurrence of the uncontrolled deformations in the geometry of the piece and the avoidance of their negative effects (support failures, torsions of the piece, buckling effects, etc.).

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The slats 4 are made of steel sheet, with thicknesses between 5 and 6 mm, 1 their assembly by welding, on the two inner (rear) faces of the fastener 3, the resulting assembly having a high stability from the point of view 3 of the deformations and an increased resistance to the action of external, static or dynamic demands.

The clamping element 2 has a flat side 2 ', on which are disposed, centrally, 5 transversely and perpendicularly, two fins 2 of the same size and shape, arranged parallel to each other, forming between them a seat g. On the ends of the flat side 2 ', are pre-worked, transversely, by an elongated cut-out h, by means of which the fastener 3 is attached, and by means of which the vertical adjustment of the upright A. is realized. 9 The fins 2, of the fastening element 2, they have practiced an elongated hole i, which allows fixing, in slot g, the upright A, allowing it an additional adjustment on 11 horizontal.

In another embodiment of the curtain facade, the mounting of the A-pillars of the structure 13 of the construction, respectively, of the floor 1, is realized directly, by means of a connecting piece 5.

Each connecting piece 5 is shaped like the letter L, having a long side 5 'and a short side 15 5, arranged at 90 °, relative to each other. Parallel with the longitudinal axis of the piece 5, on the long side 5 ', towards its liberal end, two elongated cuts of', parallel and of the same size are processed, and next to them, on the longitudinal axis, towards the intersection area between those two sides 5 'and 5, a cylindrical seat b' is provided. 19

On the short side 5, of the connecting piece 5, towards the outside of it, are arranged, transversely and perpendicularly, two wings 5 ', spaced apart, which are of rectangular shape 21, having a width smaller than the length of the short side 5, and the length of a fin 5 'is greater than half the width of an upright A. between the two armpits 5', a slot g 'is formed, in which the upright A. is mounted. Each of the fin 5' has machined, central and parallel with the longitudinal axis of the clamping element 5, each 25 an elongated cut of a, which allows the horizontal direction of the upright A.

These elements are the elements of particularity and originality with respect to the fastening and fastening elements of the previous patent RO 117632, their necessity deriving from the requirements of resistance, stability and safety in operation of the support node. 29

The fasteners 3, as well as the connecting parts 5, are fixed by the floors 1 and allow the adjustment in the two horizontal directions, in order to be able to achieve the correct positioning and fixing of the uprights A and give the possibility of taking over the movements in the two horizontal directions, in the case of earthquakes. 33

The A-pillars are made of several upright segments 6, made of aluminum profiles. 35

In order to prevent the excessive fractionation of the A-pillars, their fixed attachment is made at two levels, approximately six meters, the manufacturing length of the segments 37 of the 6-pillar. The clamping of the intermediate floor and the vertical displacement of the A-pillars are made using the element clamping 2. 39

For attachment of the fastening elements 2 or of the connecting parts 5, the uprights

A have practiced, on some faces j and k, a passage hole, not shown, the hole on the face j and 41 the hole on the face k being in correspondence and positioned near the holes i or a, practiced on the wings 2, respectively, 5 ', of the fastening elements 2, respectively, of the connecting piece - 43 turn 5.

The mounting of the brackets A of clamping elements 2 or directly of the wings 5 'is realized by means of screws 7, of fixing plates 8, of washer Grower 9 and of nuts 10. 47

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In order to avoid the direct contact between the A-pillars, made of aluminum, the screws 7 and the 5 'fins, made of steel, in the passage holes, not figured, practiced on the front j, fix a bush 11, made of plastic material, through which the screws are passed. 7, and between the 2 'or 5' wings and the A-pillars, there are fixed spacer parts 12, made of plastic material, which distance the A-pillars from the fins, without direct contact between them.

The fasteners 2 are fastened, by the fasteners 3, by means of screws 13, some fasteners 14, some Grower washers 15 and nuts 16.

In order to avoid the vertical movement, under its own weight, as well as the locking in position, of the fastening elements 2, a part 17 is fitted, with the role of fixing and locking.

In order to take over the dilations, inherent in the massive sections of the uprights A, some expansion joints I are made, between two fixed fastenings of the upright segments 6.

Near the expansion joint I, within the consecutive ends of two consecutive upright segments 6, a guide element 18 is fixed, with the position of positioning and aligning the upright A and stiffening of upright segments 4.

After fixing the uprights A, additionally, between the consecutive ends of upright segments 6, one piece 19, made of plastics, with the role of guiding, aligning and taking over the thermal expansion of upright segments 6.

On the uprights A, are fastened with the help of self-tapping screws 20, fasteners 21, which allow the mounting of sleepers 22, previously prepared to size.

The crossbars 22, on the ends, have a clearance m, which allows them to be positioned and mounted on the uprights A. With the help of fastening stops 23, positioned in a guide channel n, of the profile that the beams 22 have, the alignment, fixing and locking of the sleepers 22 are carried out, on the A-pillars, by moving the fastening stops 23, horizontally, until they are supported on the A-pillars, the locking being done by means of a pin 24.

On the A-pillars, a polyamide thermal barrier 25 and some gaskets 26 are made.

For collecting, directing and draining the water and condensate, on the sleepers 22, a thermal barrier 27, some gaskets 28 and a self-adhesive tape 29 are fitted.

In the windows B, formed by the joints of the posts A, with the crossbars 22, some thermopane windows 30 are mounted, and next to the reinforced concrete slabs, to avoid the heat shock and masking, some windows with polyurethane foam 31 are fitted.

Thermoplastic panes 30 or polyurethane foam panes 31 are mounted in the panes B, by means of intermediate tracks 32, which are supported, with the purpose of not having a linear contact between the glass and the metal joinery from which the poles A and sleepers 22.

With the help of fasteners glass 33, on which some gaskets 34 have previously been fitted, the insulating windows 30 or the windows with polyurethane foam 31 are fixed by the metal joinery, by means of screws 35.

After fixing the insulating windows 30 or the windows with polyurethane foam 31, on the metal joinery, mounting clips 36, provided with some cuts o, with the role of imposing the elimination of the water condensation.

The sealing of the curtain facades with the structure of resistance of the building is done, in the case of the existence of an attic 37, by fixing some windows with polyurethane foam 31, with the role of masking the concrete structure, and between the uprights A, the beams 22 and the attic 37, fasten sealing elements 38.

EN 125978 Β1 in the case of the floors 1, between the floors, some connecting elements 39 are used, and between the 1 attic 37 and the curtain front, a silicone cord 40 is fixed, with the role of closing any joints between the sealing elements 38 and the facade. curtain, after which, on the top 3, a false ceiling 41, or, at the bottom, a floor 42 is mounted.

When closing the curtain façade on the ground floor, the closing between the curtain facade and a floor 5 43, which represents the foundation, the sealing, on the outside, is done by means of a heat-insulating element 44, of a silicone cord 45, of an addition element 46, with 7 which closes, and of some elements for closing and sealing between the floor and the metallic structure, the closing and sealing being realized with a second thermo-element 9 chain 47, formed of a metallic profile p, some polyurethane foam r, and for the masking of one end and of the insulating element 47, some masking elements 48 and 49 are used. 11

The masking element 48 is fixed, from the floor 43, by means of screws, not positioned, and the masking element 49 is joined (clips) with the first masking element 13 48, on which a gasket 50 is mounted, with the sealing role of the element thermal insulation 47.

At the connection between the insulation element 47 and the curtain facade, a cord of 15 silicone 51 is installed, with the role of sealing and closing.

At the end of the curtain wall, in order to seal against a vertical wall 52, a heat-insulating element 53 is mounted, which is fixed, by means of two gaskets 54, to the glass fasteners 33 and the uprights A. 19 closing between the vertical wall 52 and the insulation element 53 is made with the aid of a silicone cord 55. 21 If the curtain facade has an internal or external angle of 90 °, for fastening the uprights A of the floors 1, the fastening elements 2. 23 are used for the structures instead of the insulated windows 30, the windows with polyurethane foam 31, which are made of a single window 56, on which a coat of paint 57 is applied and the polyurethane foam 58, which eliminates the possibility of shock heat on the glass and mask the existing resistance structure, when 27 artificial light in the building lights up.

where, in the curtain front, there are movable elements such as, for example, a door 59, 29 for attaching a door frame 60, from the curtain facade, a reduction 61 is used, in order to allow the position of the door frame 60 , of the curtain facade, by means of an element 62. 31

The fixing of the door frame 60 of the curtain façade is done with the help of self-tapping, non-figured elements, which are masked by the following elements of the door 59. In order to achieve 33 continuity of the thermal break from the curtain façade to the door 59, the door frame 60 is provided, from construction, with embedded thermal barrier and by mounting the reduction 61, 35 is made the alignment between the thermal break t, from the door frame 59, with the thermal break u, from the curtain façade, after which it comes with the door elements, themselves known. 37 in FIG. 3, the whole set defined by the following elements is presented:

- the reinforced concrete floor on which the metal clamping piece is mounted; 39

- the metal part;

- the fixing of the metal parts, on the reinforced concrete floor, is made with two connections (41) (016), mounted in the two alignment cuts b, after aligning them in the z-z direction;

- the aluminum upright; 43

- bolt for fixing and fixing the upright of the support part A;

- after aligning the pieces, they are blocked, by inserting a connexpander 45 in the cutout for blocking;

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- on the vertical side of the metal fastening part 2, the fastening element of the upright, respectively, the fixing part 3 is mounted, this having the possibility of aligning the upright A in the vertical plane in the y-y direction and in the horizontal plane in the x-x direction;

- in the slot g, g ', formed between the wings of the fastening element 2 or of the connecting piece 5, insert the upright A.

Due to the elongated cuts i, a, present on the wings 2 ', 5', a fine alignment of the A-pillar is made in the horizontal plane, in the z-z direction.

The knot that is formed, by mounting the two pieces 2 and 3, respectively 5, from the point of view of the static scheme, is defined as a support of the element of resistance of the curtain facade, having the configuration of a flat (or cylindrical) joint.

The other end of the upright is simply recessed, the resulting static scheme is statically determined. The basic load of the curtain facade is the static load at the wind pressure. This load is considered to be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the curtain facade, so also over the surface of the computing element.

The diagram of cutting forces and moments has the configuration shown in fig. 14:

Analyzing the moment diagram, we notice that, in the two supports, the moments are equal to zero, these having a maximum value in the middle of the upright.

The dimension of the upright A is calculated at this maximum value of the moment. This calculation of dimensioning of the element in the structure of the resistance of the facades of the buildings is made starting from the idea that the external request creates a pure bending of the upright, this being in a static static assembly (joint with simple support), applying the principle of Bernouli and Navier's formula.

The verification of the bearing capacity of the upright is done by calculating the deformation (arrows) of the upright, required at bending, at the maximum moment point, respectively, at its half.

The upright arrow is conditioned by the deformation of the insulating glass, which is mounted in the glass panels, which close the building to the outside. The deformation of the insulating glass is reduced because, at too large deformations, the glass breaks, generally, this condition is:

F <I / 200 or F <8 mm where F = maximum upright arrow;

I = the length between the uprights of the upright.

After establishing the geometrical dimensions of the upright, the next step is the sizing of the supporting metal part of the assembly (knot) described above and linking the resistance structure of the curtain wall to the resistance structure of the building.

The dimensioning of the joining elements consists in the calculation of the diameters of the connection buttons (connections), this resulting from the condition of tensile strength of the button rod.

The metallic element 2 or the connecting piece 5, which is the basic part of the support assembly, has the two unequal sides and rests, with the long side 2 ', 5', on the structural resistance element of the construction, being fastened by it , in the connection.

On the short side 2, of the element of knot 2, the fastening element 3 of the upright of the support assembly is mounted.

According to FIG. 15, the static scheme, for this type of support, consists of a straight bar, recessed at one end, and loaded with a concentrated force, at the other end.

For this type of stress, the maximum deformation or arrow is calculated by the formula:

V = f = P I / 3 E I where f = maximum arrow;

RO 125978 Β1

P = v the strength of the concentrated force; 1

I = the length of the bar between the supports;

E = the elasticity coefficient of the bar; 3

I = moment of inertia of the section of the bar.

From the basic external request, respectively, the uniformly distributed action of the wind, 5 applied on the surface of the curtain facade, determines the geometrical characteristics of the upright, as well as the load from the own weight of the curtain facade. 7

The actual weight of the curtain facade becomes the basic request of the support node, which determines the sizing calculation of the support elements. 9 In conclusion, we observe the complexity of the exterior glass closure systems, and for their good functioning in terms of strength, stability and tightness, the deformations of the materials used do not exceed the level of elastic deformations.

The stress ratio - deformation of the materials that compose the sample of curtain facade 13 must be linear and directly proportional. Exceeding the threshold of the elasticity zone causes the increase of the deformations in exponential progression with respect to the increase of the loads or requests.

We can state the principle that, together with the structural resistance system of the façade 17 curtain, the elements or mechanisms of attachment of the aluminum and glass panels, of the supporting structure of the building, are the most important components, while establishing, at the same time, the values 19 of the functioning requirements. curtain facades.

The closures and seals of the curtain facade, in the areas of the attic 37, the floors 1 and the floors 21 of the 43, are made with special composite panels, having the following configuration:

- enamelled secure glass; 2. 3

- thermal insulation material;

- closures of painted board in electrostatic field, in the color of the A-pillar and of the 25 cross member 22.

The perimeter contact between these panels and the contour of the uprights A or the crossbars 27 22 are sealed with silicone seals and cords, in order to avoid infiltration of water, air or dust, thus fulfilling the requirements imposed by the legislation in force. 29

Claims (7)

1. Curtain facade, made of a plurality of uprights (A) fixed by the floors (1) of the structure of the construction structure, by means of several fasteners (3) and several fasteners (2), each element of fastening (3) consisting of a long side (3 ') and a short side (3), arranged between them at 90 ° and provided with two elongated cuts (a, c), parallel to each other, of the same length, cuts (a) of the long side (3 ') having the elongation arranged along the longitudinal axis of the fastening element (3) and, respectively, each fastening element (2) being provided with two fins (2') arranged in the middle area of to a part (s), perpendicular thereto, of uprights (A) being fixed, with self-tapping screws (20), some fasteners (21) that allow the installation of some sleepers (22) aligned with fastening stops (23) and which intersect with the uprights (A), forming the glass mesh (B) together, wherein the insulating windows (30) or the windows with polyurethane foam (31) are mounted, by means of intermediate paths (32) on which they are supported, the installation being made by means of fasteners (33), gaskets (34), screws (35) and clips (36), characterized in that the fastening element (3) further comprises on the long side (3 ') and two cylindrical seats (b), and the elongated cuts (c) on the short side (3) have elongation along the longitudinal axis, the entire fastening element (3) being stiffened longitudinally, in the zz direction of the two sides (3 ', 3), by means of triangular eclipses (4). 2. Curtain facade, made of a multitude of uprights (A) fixed by the floors (1) of the structure of the construction resistance, by means of several fasteners (5), on uprights (A), being fixed, with self-tapping screws. (20), some fasteners (21) that allow the installation of sleepers (22) aligned with fastening stops (23), which intersect with the uprights (A), forming together the glass mesh (B), in which they are mounted insulating windows (30) or windows with polyurethane foam (31), by means of intermediate tracks (32) on which they are supported, the installation being made by means of fasteners (33), gaskets (34), screws (35) and clips (36), characterized in that each fastening element (5) has a long side (5 ^Z ) and a short side (5), arranged at 90 °, one against the other, parallel to the longitudinal axis, on the long side ( 5 '), towards its liberal end, being processed two cuts of greased (a '), parallel and of the same size, and next to them, on the longitudinal axis, there is provided a cylindrical cut (b'), on the short side (5) of the piece, towards its outside, being disposed, centrally and perpendicularly, two fins (5 ') spaced apart, which are rectangular in shape, having a width less than the length of the short side (5), the length of the fin (5') being greater than half the width of a post (A), each of the wings (5 ') having machined, central and parallel to the longitudinal axis, an elongated cut (a), which allows the horizontal direction of the upright (A) to be adjusted. Curtain facade, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, between the two wings (2 '; 5') apart, a recess (g, g ') is formed in which the upright (A) is inserted and fixed with screws (7), fasteners (8), grower washers (9) and nuts (10), which allow additional adjustment of the upright (A) horizontally. 4. Curtain facade, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the uprights (A) are made of several upright segments (6), delimited by the height between the floors, between two fixed fastenings of the upright segments (6), - there are expansion joints (I), next to which a guide element (18) is fixed, with the role of positioning and aligning the upright (A) and reinforcing the upright segments (6). RO 125978 Β1 5. Curtain facade, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the uprights (A) have, on the lateral faces (j, k), a drill hole, not shown, in correspondence with some holes (f, a) from the fins (2 '; 5'), in which 3 are fitted a bush (11) through which the screws (7) pass, and between the fins (2 '; 5') and uprights (A), to avoid direct contact , fix some spacer parts (12). 5 Curtain facade, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for collecting, directing and draining water and condensate, a thermal barrier (27), gaskets (28) and a band are mounted on sleepers 7 (22). adhesive (29), and on the uprights (A), another thermal barrier (25) of polyamide and some seals of 9 seals (26) are fitted. Curtain facade, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closures and seals of the curtain façade, in the areas of the attic (37), the floors (1) and the elevations (43), are made with special composite panels. 13